radiographs of, 131 f as sign of infant botulism, 127 treatment, 131 –132 , 131 t recommended fiber dose, 132 t Contact burn, 625 Contact dermatitis, 434 , 434 f, 435 t, 440 , 544 , 647 Contact lens, 170 , 171 t Continuous oxygen saturation measurement, 29 Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), 35 , 65 Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), 1040 Contrast-enhanced imaging, 1396 Conversion disorders, 1442 Convulsion, 881 Cooley anemia, 419 Coombs positive isoimmune hemolytic anemia, 294 Coombs test, 294 , 296 , 419 –420 , 504 , 981 , 994 , 997 Corectopic pupil, 186 Core rewarming techniques, 694 Corneal infection, 188 Corneal injury, 1270 clinical recognition, 1270 evidences, 1270 fluorescein-staining corneal defect, 1270 management, 1270 treatment goals, 1270 triage considerations, 1270 Corneal ulcer, 170 , 172 f, 173 Coronary artery aneurysm, 322 Coronavirus, 572 , 846 Corrosive ingestion, 1060 f Cortical blindness, 191 , 191 t Corticosteroids, 11 , 165 , 189 , 312 , 321 , 389 , 464 , 469 –470 , 473 , 516 , 560 , 888 , 894 –896 , 898 –899 , 926 for absolute adrenal insufficiency, 84 for atopic dermatitis, 431 for contact dermatitis, 434 for croup, 136 for eczema, 433 for irritant dermatitis, 435 for JIA, 1015 for lichen sclerosis, 534 nasal, 166 oral, 435 –436 , 448 for PMLE, 436 stress-dose, 84 topical, 431 , 433 –435 , 445 , 471 for vaginal bleeding, 535 Cortisol, 662 , 665 Cortisporin, middle ear bleeding, 1114 Corynebacterium vaginitis , 338 Cosmesis, 1154 Cough(s) associated with exercise, 133 bronchospastic, 133 causes, 134 t common, 134 t life-threatening, 134 t from cold exposure, 133 differential diagnosis, 133 evaluation and decision ancillary studies, 135 –136 approach, 135 f, 136 history, 133 –134 physical examination, 134 –135 nocturnal, 133 paroxysmal, 133 pathophysiology, 133 quality of, 133 from systemic complaints, 133 treatment, 136 Cow’s milk protein allergy, 128 Coxsackie B6, 475 Coxsackievirus, 411 , 426 Coxsackievirus gingivostomatitis, 312 CRAFFT tool, 1446 Cranial nerve palsy, 175 , 177 f, 180 , 392 causes, 186 t Craniopharyngiomas, 190 , 907 C-reactive protein (CRP), 78 , 248 , 306 , 315 , 328 , 403 , 907 , 1359 Cremasteric reflex, 409 Crepitus, 486 Crew Resource Management (CRM), Cricoarytenoid arthritis, 1018 Cricothyrotomy, 1122 Crigler–Najjar syndrome, 295 Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency, 84 Crohn’s disease, 219 –220 , 338 , 351 , 354 , 383 t, 544 , 1317 Croup, 199 , 479 , 513 Crouzon syndrome, 380 Crying approach to abrupt onset of severe, 140 f conditions associated with, 139 t evaluation and decision, 138 –140 history, 138 pathophysiology, 138 physical examination, 138 Cryptic shock, 83 Cryptococcosis, 444 Cryptogenic seizure, 881 Cryptorchidism, 256 –257 Cryptosporidiosis, 848 –849 Cuffed endotracheal tubes (ETT), 36 Cushing disease, 344 Cutaneous Larva Migrans, 851 Cutaneous manifestations, 624 –625 Cutaneous mast cell disease, 445 Cyanosis, 501 , 1030 causes of, 142 t common, 142 t life-threatening, 143 t central, 144 circulatory or vascular conditions and, 142 differential diagnosis, 141 –143 evaluation and decision, 143 –145 , 144 f history, 143 laboratory evaluation, 144 –145 level of deoxygenated Hb and, 141 lung dysfunction and, 142 pathophysiology, 141 peripheral, 144 physical examination, 143 –144 pulmonary vascular abnormalities and, 143 ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch and, 141 Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), 1044 Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), 554 , 886 Cycloplegic eye drops, 1271 Cystic fibrosis (CF), 130 , 132 , 142 , 502 , 574 , 946 –949 , 948 t Cystic hygromas (lymphangiomas), 317 , 320 , 1350 Cystic lung disorders, 1415 –1416 Cystic mediastinal lesions, 1419 –1420 Cystinuria, 337 Cystitis, 384 t Cystosarcoma phyllodes, 113 Cytomegalovirus (CMV), 223 , 308 , 315 , 426 , 475 Cytopathic hypoxia, 74 Cytopenias, 905 D Dacryocystitis, 1395 , 1402 , 1402 f Dactylitis, 164 Dandy-Walker malformation, 1385 Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), 74 Darier sign, 446 , 465 Debriefing meetings, 19 Decerebrate rigidity, 123 Decontamination of poisoned child, 1032 antidotal therapy, 1037 , 1038 t–1039 t diuresis/urinary alkalinization, 1039 –1040