Thông tin tài liệu
from CNS infections, 119 common causes of, 118 t from CSF shunts, 120 definition, 117 differential diagnosis, 117 , 119 primary central nervous system disorders, 119 –120 systemic abnormalities, 120 –121 etiology of acute-onset, 118 t evaluation and decision, 121 –126 , 122 f abnormal breathing patterns, 123 of airway, breathing, and circulatory, 123 –124 airway, breathing, and circulatory, treatment of, 123 –124 blood gas analysis, 125 CSF analysis, 125 errors in, 126 t fever, 125 focal neurologic deficits, 125 head trauma, history of, 124 history and physical examination, 121 –123 increased ICP, 124 –125 laboratory and radiologic studies, 123 limb movement and postural changes, 123 metabolic abnormalities, 125 –126 neurologic examination and scoring, 123 ocular signs, 123 renal and hepatic functions, 126 seizures, history of, 124 toxic ingestions, history of, 124 –125 vital sign abnormalities, 123 –124 hypertension in, 124 hypoxic, 120 life-threatening causes of, 118 t metabolic alterations and, 121 pathophysiology, 117 from seizure activity, 119 thermoregulation disorders and, 120 from toxic ingestions, 120 –121 from trauma, 119 of unknown origin, 126 Commotio retinae, 190 Community Acquired Pneumonia Clinical Pathway, 1414 Compartment syndrome, 1377 –1378 clinical assessment/initial H&P, 1378 clinical recognition, 1378 evidences, 1377 –1378 “five Ps,” 1378 management/diagnostic testing, 1378 Compensated shock, 73 Complete cord transection, 1249 Complex regional pain syndrome type (CRPS1), 1378 –1379 , 1379 f clinical recognition, 1379 evidences, 1378 initial assessment/H&P, 1379 management, 1379 Compression fractures, 1210 –1211 , 1210 f Concussion, 119 , 269 , 1258 –1259 clinical recognition, 1258 diagnostic imaging, 1258 –1259 evidences, 1258 management, 1259 Conduct disorder, 97 Conduction disturbances, 520 Conductive hearing loss, 222 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), 344 , 552 , 568 , 665 –667 Congenital anatomic defects of neck, 317 Congenital candidiasis, 458 Congenital corectopia, 186 Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), 68 , 1420 Congenital heart diseases (CHD), 501 , 588 –600 clinical recognition, 589 ductal dependent lesions, 595 ductal dependent pulmonary blood flow, 595 ductal dependent systemic blood flow, 595 evidence, 589 genetic conditions and, 596 t initial diagnosis, 690 t–694 t repairs, 597 t–598 t shunt lesions, 595 –600 treatment, goals of, 588 Congenital Horner syndrome, 185 Congenital hypothyroidism, 559 , 678 Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE), 1415 , 1417 , 1417 f Congenital lobar hyperinflation (CLH), 1417 Congenital lymphedema, 162 Congenital melanocytic nevus, 466 , 466 f Congenital muscular torticollis, 329 –330 Congenital neutropenia, 787 Congenital oral lesions, 347 Congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs), 1411 , 1415 , 1416 f Congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, 1418 Congenital sensorineural hearing loss, 222 Congenital syphilis, 501 Congenital TORCHS infections, 292 Congenital vaginal obstruction, 764 Congestive heart failure (CHF), 482 , 501 t Conjugated bilirubin, 289 Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia approach to patient, 290 f causes, 289 , 290 t life-threatening, 292 –293 definition, 289 etiologies, 289 evaluation of initial function tests, 291 neonate, 291 older child, 291 –292 history and physical examination, 291 total serum bilirubin (TSB) in, 294 Conjugated pneumococcal vaccinations, 327 Conjunctival injury, 1270 clinical recognition, 1270 evidences, 1270 fluorescein-staining corneal defect, 1270 management, 1270 treatment goals, 1270 triage considerations, 1270 Conjunctivitis, 170 , 173 –174 airborne/contact allergic conjunctivitis, 1397 –1398 allergic, 1399 clinical assessment, 1398 clinical recognition, 1396 –1398 diagnostic testing, 1398 –1399 differential diagnosis of, 1397 t erythromycin or trimethoprim/polymyxin, 1399 evidences, 1396 management, 1399 –1400 nonseasonal acute allergic, 1398 f treatment goals, 1396 triage considerations, 1398 Consciousness, 117 Conservative therapy, 1369 –1370 Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA), 24 Constipation, 929 acute, 127 –128 anorectal anomalies and, 128 –129 approach to, 129 f atypical presentations of, 128 t chronic, 128 –131 , 1304 common causes of, 128 t definition, 127 dietary factors of, 128 etiology of, 128 t evaluation and decision, 127 –131 functional, 130 , 131 t, 132 life-threatening causes of, 129 t medications associated with, 130 t physiology, 127
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