acute heart failure syndromes, 610 –611 Cardiac injury, in blunt thoracic trauma, 1279 Cardiac pain, 366 Cardiac rupture, 1279 Cardiac tamponade, 614 Cardiac trauma, 615 –616 Cardiogenic shock characteristic signs of, 75 history and physical examination findings, 76 POCUS findings, 76 source control in, 81 volume deficit in, 75 Cardiomyopathies, 612 –613 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 105 , 207 See also Newly born infant resuscitation ABCD assessment, 44 after in-hospital arrest (IHA), 46 airway evaluation, 48 bystander, 46 cerebral resuscitation, 68 –69 clinical manifestations, 46 discontinuation of life support in children, 68 emergency therapy, goals of, 43 ethical issues in, 69 extracorporeal CPR (E-CPR), 62 goal of, 43 incidence, 43 intraosseous (IO) route, 44 management, 48 airway positioning, 48 , 48 f arrhythmia, 45 artificial airways, 48 , 48 f–49 f breathing, 49 –50 , 50 f circulation, 50 –51 , 51 f defibrillation and cardioversion, 57 –58 drugs of, 54 –57 fluid resuscitation, 57 newly born infant resuscitation, 62 overview, 44 –45 patient characteristics age, 43 demographics, 44 etiology, 44 prognosis, 46 , 46 t quality improvement, 69 scenarios bradycardia, 58 pulseless electrical activity, 58 –59 tachycardias, 59 –62 sequence, 46 , 47 f teamwork, 68 vascular access, 44 Cardiovascular dysfunction, definition, 77 t Cardioversion, 57 –58 Care pathways, Carpal fractures, 1151 Carpometacarpal joint dislocation, 1150 Car seat dermatitis, 434 Castlemans syndrome, 909 Cataplexy, 520 Catecholamine-resistant shock, 84 Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), 523 Catharsis, 1036 Cathinones, 1079 –1080 Catscratch disease (Bartonella henselae) , 253 , 309 , 312 , 321 Cat’s urine syndrome, 337 Caustic injuries, 1118 Caustics, 1058 –1061 Cavernous malformations (CMs), 1383 Cefepime, 81 t Ceftriaxone, 81 t Celiac axis neuroblastoma, 1308 f Celiac disease, 89 , 130 , 743 –744 , 1317 Cellulitis, 440 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) tool, 1258 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), 1432 Central anticholinergic syndrome, 1076 –1077 , 1077 t Central nervous system (CNS) disease, 459 Central nervous system (CNS) tumors, 907 –909 , 908 t clinical assessment, 908 clinical recognition, 907 –908 evidences, 907 management, 908 –909 Central venous access, 54 Central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2 ), monitoring of, 80 , 82 –83 Cephalosporins, 452 Cephalosporins, acute otitis media, 1321 Cerebral aneurysm, 1382 –1383 Cerebral contusion, 269 Cerebral edema, 121 , 270 , 657 –658 , 699 , 1254 , 1256 –1257 , 1387 Cerebral hematoma, 1254 Cerebral hemorrhage, 556 Cerebral infarctions, 120 , 556 Cerebral resuscitation, 68 –69 Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis, 120 Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, 191 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 399 , 888 , 892 abnormalities of, 125 diagnosis of meningitis, 495 infection, 125 otorrhea/rhinorrhea, 1115 , 1255 pleocytosis, 125 shunts, 120 xanthochromic, 125 Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), 556 Cervical adenitis, 1327 clinical recognition, 1327 diagnostic testing, 1327 –1328 discharge/admission, clinical indications, 1328 evidences, 1327 initial assessment, 1327 management, 1327 –1328 treatment goals, 1327 triage considerations, 1327 Cervical compression injuries, 1245 f Cervical lymphadenitis, 307 , 309 , 311 f, 321 , 328 Cervical lymphadenopathy, 317 , 321 –322 Cervical spine anatomy, 307 epidural hematomas of, 325 fractures, 324 injuries, 286 traumatic subluxations of, 324 –325 Cervical spine trauma backboard, effects of, 1233 f clinical algorithm, 1235 f clinical assessment, 1232 clinical recognition, 1232 evidences, 1229 –1232 Gardner–Wells tongs, 1239 f immobilization, 1230 f lateral cervical spine radiographs, 1237 f lordosis, contour lines of alignment with, 1235 f management, 1232 –1239 manual immobilization, 1233 f posterior cervical line of Swischuk and, 1236 f prevertebral (retropharyngeal) soft tissues, inspiration/positioning on, 1238 f radiographic characteristics, 1237 t radiographic evaluation, 1234 f signs and symptoms, 1232 t treatment, goals of, 1229 triage considerations, 1232 Cervical vertebral osteomyelitis, 328 Cervicitis, 384 t, 545 , 754 –755 cervical infections, 754 clinical recognition, 754 –755 etiology, 754