Atlantoaxial (AA) subluxation, 325 , 327 –328 , 330 , 1242 –1243 dens fracture, 1242 f–1243 f Down syndrome and, 1242 Steele’s rule of three and, 1243 transverse ligament disruption, 1242 f Atopic dermatitis, 431 , 432 t, 441 , 462 , 462 f, 544 distribution, 431 management, 431 topical corticosteroids for, 431 Atrial septal defect (ASD), 369 Atrophic patches, 463 Atropine, 40 , 55 t, 67 , 1079 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 97 –98 , 100 Atypical mycobacterium, 309 Auricular hematomas, 389 Auricular perichondritis, 1329 –1330 , 1330 f Auscultation, 486 of neck, 1220 respiratory distress and, 486 , 486 t Auspitz sign, 468 Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), 97 –98 , 1444 –1445 challenges, in healthcare environment, 1445 –1446 gastrointestinal and neurologic complaints, 1445 management, 1445 Autoeczematization, 435 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 420 Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), 312 Autoimmune thyroiditis, 1348 Automated external defibrillators (AEDs), 58 Autonomic disturbances, 697 AVPU (Awake, Verbal, Painful, Unresponsive) responsiveness scale, 22 , 29 , 121 , 1031 Avulsed tooth, 1105 , 1109 Avulsion definition, 1108 injuries, of pelvis, 1197 f Avulsion fractures, 1173 , 1196 middle phalanx, 1147 tibial tubercle, 1203 , 1367 f Axenfeld–Rieger spectrum, 186 Axillary adenopathy, 312 B Babesiosis, 806 Bacitracin, for face burns, 1101 Back disorders discitis (diskitis), 1375 –1377 spondylolisthesis, 1377 , 1377 f spondylolysis, 1377 Back pain algorithm, 364 f causes, 363 t differential diagnosis, 362 evaluation and decision, 362 –364 history, 362 imaging studies, 364 laboratory studies, 364 physical examination, 362 –363 red flags for pediatric patients with, 363 t Bacteremia, 803 Bacteremia and sepsis, 803 –804 , 805 t Bacterial endocarditis, 614 Bacterial epiglottitis, 479 Bacterial infections, 438 –442 Bacterial meningitis, 222 , 328 Bacterial scalp infections, 312 Bacterial tracheitis, 141 , 513 Bacterial vaginosis, 338 , 753 Bag mask ventilation, 38 Bag-valve-mask (BVM) ventilation, 44 , 48 –49 , 65 Baker cyst, 279 Balanitis, 384 t, 530 Balanoposthitis, 338 , 530 , 1335 –1336 , 1336 f Bankart lesions, 1182 Barium swallow, 1058 f Bartholin cysts, 1339 Bartonella henselae infection, 309 , 312 , 321 , 328 , 1349 See also Catscratch disease (Bartonella henselae) Bartonella-positive endocarditis, 321 Basilar impression, 330 Basilar migraine, 157 , 191 Basilar skull fractures, 269 , 393 Battle sign, 1255 Beckwith–Wiedemann syndromes, 1420 Bed bug (Cimex lectularius) bites, 445 Behavioral and psychiatric emergencies agitated or violent behavior, treatment goals for, 1430 –1434 assessing and predicting, 1431 t calming techniques, 1431 t clinical recognition, 1430 disposition, 1433 –1434 emergency medications, 1433 t initial assessment, 1431 medical and physical strategies, 1432 –1433 rapid tranquilization, 1432 triage, 1430 –1431 verbal de-escalation techniques, 1431 –1432 , 1431 t autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 1444 –1446 clinical considerations, 1445 healthcare environment, challenges, 1445 –1446 management, 1445 depression management, 1438 –1439 symptoms, 1438 treatment goals, 1438 emergency department in, requirements of, 1427 –1428 evaluation of ED clinicians, 1430 family, 1429 medical history, 1429 mental status, of child, 1429 physical examination, 1429 social support, 1429 –1430 mania/bipolar disorder, 1439 emergency treatment, goals of, 1439 initial assessment, 1439 management, 1439 mental health assessment/crisis intervention, goals of, 1427 mental health problems, in emergency department, 1446 panic attacks, 1444 posttraumatic stress disorders, 1444 psychosis in children and adolescents, 1440 clinical recognition, 1440 –1441 emergency treatment, goals of, 1439 exogenous substances, 1441 t medical conditions, 1441 t, 1442 medically vs psychiatrically, 1440 t psychiatric causes, 1441 –1442 psychotic episode, 1442 schizophrenia, 1442 somatic symptom/related disorders, 1442 –1444 conversion disorder, 1443 initial assessment, 1443 management, 1443 –1444 psychosomatic diagnosis, historical features of, 1443 t treatment goals, 1442 –1443 suicide attempts, 1434 –1437 adolescent, 1434 t–1437 t childhood, 1435 t–1437 t clinical recognition, 1435 –1437 emergency evaluation, goals of, 1434 –1435 prevention, 1437 t Behavioral Health Screen for Emergency Departments (BHS-ED), 1446 Behỗet disease, 120 , 1010 Behỗet syndrome, 352 , 383 t, 511 “Bell-clapper” deformity, 409 Bell–van Riet test, 1179 ... disorder, 1439 emergency treatment, goals of, 1439 initial assessment, 1439 management, 1439 mental health assessment/crisis intervention, goals of, 1427 mental health problems, in emergency department,... childhood, 1435 t–1437 t clinical recognition, 1435 –1437 emergency evaluation, goals of, 1434 –1435 prevention, 1437 t Behavioral Health Screen for Emergency Departments (BHS-ED), 1446 Behỗet disease,... 1445 –1446 management, 1445 depression management, 1438 –1439 symptoms, 1438 treatment goals, 1438 emergency department in, requirements of, 1427 –1428 evaluation of ED clinicians, 1430 family, 1429