management See also Pediatric airway management; Tracheal intubation (TI) in CPR, 48 , 48 f, 64 in shock, 81 obstruction and respiratory failure, treatment of, 48 perilaryngeal, 41 stabilization of, 1122 supraglottic, 41 Airway-breathing-circulation (ABC) sequence, 681 Alagille syndrome (AS), 736 ALARA principle, 315 , 704 –705 Alcohols, 1053 –1054 Alert, 11 –12 Alkali burns, 188 Alkali caustics, 1058 –1061 Allergic conjunctivitis, 1397 –1398 Allergic contact dermatitis, 434 , 434 f Allergic emergencies allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, 585 –587 anaphylaxis, 579 –583 , 580 t, 581 f emergency therapy, goals, 579 hereditary angioedema, 583 –584 serum sickness, 584 –585 Allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, 585 –587 clinical recognition, 586 –587 management, 587 pathophysiology and classification, 585 treatment, goals of, 586 treatment of, 586 t Allergy, 480 Alpha fetoprotein (AFP), 1419 Altered level of consciousness (ALOC), 117 , 119 , 121 , 125 common causes of, 118 t etiology of, 118 t life-threatening causes of, 118 t as a result of intracranial neoplasms, 119 Aluminomagnesium silicates, 156 Alvarado Score, 1291 Alveolar osteitis, 1314 –1315 Amanita phalloides species, 1067 Amanita smithiana species, 1067 Ambiguous genitalia, 665 Amebiasis, 848 Amenorrhea, 343 American Academy of Family Practitioners (AAFP), 1320 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), 30 , 32 –33 , 102 , 296 , 1320 , 1446 American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), 30 American College of Rheumatology (ACR), 990 , 992 –993 Amino acid disorders, 874 Aminoacidopathies, 874 Amiodarone, 55 t Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 721 Amphetamines, 1074 –1075 Amphotericin, 440 Ampicillin, 81 t Amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome (AMPS), 1378 Anal fissures, 1356 Analgesic therapy, oral, 1313 –1314 Anal stenosis, 128 Anaphylactic shock, 81 Anaphylaxis, 378 –379 , 579 –583 allergic emergencies airway maintenance, 582 circulation maintenance, 582 clinical assessment, 580 –582 clinical recognition, 580 discharge considerations, 583 disposition, 582 –583 evidence, 579 –580 management, 582 pathway, 618 f therapy, 582 treatment, goals of, 582 triage, 582 Anemia, 314 , 503 , 536 acquired aplastic, 419 aplastic, 418 –419 autoimmune hemolytic, 420 Cooley, 419 Coombs positive isoimmune hemolytic, 294 diagnosis of, 417 Diamond–Blackfan, 419 drug-associated hemolytic, 420 Fanconi, 418 hypochromic, 419 hypoplastic, 418 –419 iron-deficiency, 417 , 419 megaloblastic, 417 microangiopathic, 420 –421 nutritional, 417 sickle cell, 420 sideroblastic, 419 of TEC, 419 Anemic hypoxia, 478 Anesthesia breathing circuits (Mapleson circuit), 50 , 50 f Aneurysm rupture, 120 Angiodysplasia, 218 Angiolipomas, 1352 Animal bites, 1154 –1156 , 1165 , 1167 Anisocoria, 182 –183 , 184 f Ankle brachial index (ABI), 1201 Ankle injuries, 1204 –1207 ankle sprains, 1205 clinical assessment, 1205 clinical recognition, 1205 differential diagnosis, 259 discharge/admission, clinical indications, 1206 distal tibial/fibular fractures, 1205 nondisplaced transverse fracture, 1206 f Tillaux fracture, 1206 f evaluation and decision, 266 f approach to, 265 –266 history, 264 physical examination, 264 –265 radiographic imaging, 265 eversion injury, 261 f, 263 f evidences, 1204 –1205 fractures, 259 –260 juvenile Tillaux, 259 , 261 f triplanar, 262 f inversion injury, 261 f isolated distal fibular fracture, 1206 juvenile Tillaux fractures, 1206 management, 1205 –1206 radiograph of, 1205 f Salter-Harris fractures, 1205 –1206 sprains, 260 –263 classification, 261 , 264 t treatment fractures, 266 orthopedic referral, 267 rehabilitation, 267 splinting, 267 sprains, 266 treatment goals, 1204 triage considerations, 1205 triplane fractures, 1206 , 1207 f Ankle, lateral view, 263 f Ankle pain differential diagnosis, 260 t injuries associated with, 260 t Ankle sprains, 1205 Ankylosing spondylitis, 329 Annular ligament displacement, 1374 –1375 clinical recognition, 1374 evidences, 1374 glenohumeral subluxation/dislocation, 1375 ... of Family Practitioners (AAFP), 1320 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), 30 , 32 –33 , 102 , 296 , 1320 , 1446 American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), 30 American College of Rheumatology