Sakakibara S, Konno S Congenital aneurysms of sinus of Valsalva A clinical study Am Heart J 1962;63:708–719 In this historical study (without surgical repair), most patients with ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms died within a year of rupture Choudhary SK, Bhan A, Sharma R, et al Sinus of Valsalva aneurysms: 20 years’ experience J Card Surg 1997;12(5):300–308 This large single-center study reports the outcomes of 104 patients operated on for sinus of Valsalva aneurysms (most ruptured) Mortality was low with overall excellent long-term results Surgery for concomitant aortic regurgitation was common Kuriakose EM, Bhatla P, McElhinney DB Comparison of reported outcomes with percutaneous versus surgical closure of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm Am J Cardiol 2015;115(3):392–398 This large meta-analysis of 877 patients undergoing either surgical or transcatheter treatment for ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms found transcatheter therapy to be an acceptable method of treatment in select patients Liu S, Xu X, Zhao X, et al Percutaneous closure of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: results from a multicentre experience EuroIntervention 2014;10(4):505–512 This relatively large multicenter experience reported a procedural success rate of 92% in 25 patients using transcatheter methods to treat ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms References Anderson RH, Chaudhry B, Mohun TJ, et al Normal and abnormal development of the intrapericardial arterial trunks in humans and mice Cardiovasc Res 2012;95(1):108–115 Bartelings MM, Gittenberger-de Groot AC The outflow tract of the heart–embryologic and morphologic correlations Int J Cardiol 1989;22(3):289–300 Sizarov A, Lamers WH, Mohun TJ, et al Threedimensional and molecular analysis of the arterial pole of the developing human heart J Anat 2012;220(4):336–349 Anderson RH, Brown N, Webb S, Henderson D Lessons learnt with regard to aortopulmonary window Cardiol Young 2008;18(5):451–457 Anderson R, Mohun T, Spicer D, et al Myths and realities relating to development of the arterial valves J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2014;1(3):177–200 Anderson RH, Cook A, Brown NA, et al Development of the outflow tracts with reference to aortopulmonary windows and aortoventricular tunnels Cardiol Young 2010;20(suppl 3):92–99