Lethargy, 117 Leukemia, 318 , 901 –906 clinical assessment, 902 , 905 clinical recognition, 902 evidences, 902 goals of treatment, 901 management, 905 –906 Leukopenia, 997 Levetiracetam, 497 Leydig cell atrophy, 257 Lichen nitidus, 469 t, 473 , 473 f Lichen planus, 469 t, 473 , 473 f, 649 –650 Lichen sclerosis, 384 t, 534 , 544 , 763 –764 Lichen simplex chronicus, 433 Lichen striatus, 469 t, 473 –474 , 473 f Lidocaine, 40 , 56 t, 1316 increased intracranial pressure, 1256 Life after Pediatric Sepsis Evaluation (LAPSE) study, 85 Life-threatening lymphadenopathy, 314 –315 Ligamentous injuries, 1201 –1202 Limb lymphatic malformations, 1352 Limp algorithmic approach to, 304 f with bilateral leg pain, 304 causes, 301 definition, 301 differential diagnosis, 301 –305 by age and location of pathology, 303 t by disease category, 302 t evaluation and decision history, 305 laboratory and imaging studies, 305 –306 physical examination, 305 localized findings without pain, 302 with migratory bone pain, 304 rheumatic conditions and, 302 with testicular pain, 305 trauma induced, 301 without localization, 304 Linea alba, 352 Linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) disease, 448 Lip lacerations, 1166 Lip licker’s dermatitis, 435 Lipomas, 1352 –1353 Lisfranc fracture, 1209 f Listeria monocytogenes infection, 81 , 998 Lithium, 531 Little League shoulder, 286 Localized lymphadenopathy, 253 Localized scleroderma, 999 Long QT syndrome (LQTS), 518 –519 , 522 Loperamide, 156 Lorazepam, 39 t Louse infestation, 637 –638 , 637 f Lower airway foreign-body aspiration, 207 Lower esophageal sphincter (LES), 552 Lower extremity injuries, 1196 –1209 ankle injuries, 1204 –1207 ankle sprains, 1205 clinical assessment, 1205 clinical recognition, 1205 discharge/admission, clinical indications, 1206 distal tibial/fibular fractures, 1205 distal tibia, nondisplaced transverse fracture, 1206 f distal tibia, Tillaux fracture, 1206 f evidences, 1204 –1205 isolated distal fibular fracture, 1206 juvenile Tillaux fractures, 1206 management, 1205 –1206 radiograph of, 1205 f Salter-Harris fractures, 1205 –1206 treatment goals, 1204 triage considerations, 1205 triplane fractures, 1206 , 1207 f femur fractures, 1199 –1200 foot injuries, 1208 –1209 calcaneus fractures, 1208 f hindfoot/midfoot fractures, 1208 –1209 Lisfranc fracture, 1209 f metatarsal/phalangeal fractures, 1208 hip/proximal femur clinical assessment, 1198 clinical recognition, 1198 dislocation, 1198 disposition, 1199 evidences, 1198 femoral neck fractures, 1199 intertrochanteric fractures, 1199 management, 1198 –1199 proximal femoral physeal fractures, 1198 –1199 Salter–Harris type I fracture, 1199 f treatment goals, 1197 triage considerations, 1198 knee fractures, 1199 –1203 common fractures, 1200 f dislocations, 1200 –1201 distal femoral fractures, 1200 distal tibia, toddler’s fracture, 1204 f ligamentous injuries, 1201 –1202 ligaments of, 1202 f nondisplaced proximal tibial metaphyseal fracture, 1203 f patellar dislocations, 1201 patellar fractures, 1201 patella, sleeve fracture of, 1202 f patella, transverse fracture of, 1202 f proximal tibial physis, Salter-Harris type I fracture, 1203 f Salter–Harris type I fracture, 1201 f Salter–Harris type II fracture, 1201 f spiral fracture, 1200 f tibial spine, avulsion fracture, 1202 f tibial tubercle/spine fractures, 1202 –1203 traction splint to stabilize femoral fractures, 1200 f pelvis injuries, 1196 , 1197 f acetabular fractures, 1197 avulsion fractures, 1196 , 1197 f clinical assessment, 1196 clinical recognition, 1196 disposition, 1197 evidences, 1196 management, 1196 –1197 pelvic ring fractures, 1196 triage considerations, 1196 proximal tibial epiphyseal fractures, 1203 metaphyseal fractures, 1203 tibial/fibular shaft fractures, 1204 toddler’s fractures, 1204 Lower GI bleeding, 728 –730 differential diagnosis, 217 –219 etiology of, 217 t evaluation and decision diagnostic approach to, 219 –220 , 220 f history and physical examination, 219 laboratory testing, 219 in older children and adolescents, 218 –219 in preschool (2 to years), 218 Lucey–Driscoll syndrome, 299 Ludwig angina, 322 , 348 Ludwig’s angina, 349 t LUMBAR syndrome, 464 Lumbosacral lesions, 1355 Lung tumors, 910 Lupus anticoagulant, 997 Lupus nephritis, 982 Lurasidone, for schizophrenia, 1442 Lyme disease, 301 , 402 , 406 , 891 , 897 , 1362 Lyme titers, 1362 Lymphadenitis, 253 –254 , 309 , 909