Introduction Systemic Arterial System Modeling of the Systemic Circulation Measurement of Arterial Function Systemic Arterial Dysfunction in Childhood Ventriculoarterial Interaction The Future Annonated References References 75 Pulmonary Hypertension Pulmonary Hypertension Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension Associated Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertensive Diseases Diagnosis of Pulmonary Hypertension Medical Therapy Interventional and Surgical Therapies Outlook for the Future Annotated References References 76 Neurodevelopmental and Psychosocial Outcomes in Children and Young Adults With Complex Congenital Cardiac Disease Abstract Introduction Neurodevelopmental and Psychosocial Phenotype in Complex Congenital Heart Disease Survivors Mechanisms of Injury Newborn Manifestations of Congenital Brain Disease Genetic Susceptibility to Neurologic Injury and Developmental Disability Impact of Cardiac Diagnosis on Neurodevelopmental Outcome Effect of Cardiac Surgery on the Brain Postoperative Factors Effects of Anesthesia, Narcotics, and Benzodiazepines Developmental Care in the Intensive Care Unit Early Intervention Strategies for the Evaluation and Management of Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children and Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease Health-Related Quality of Life Emerging Data on the Association of Neurodevelopmental and Psychosocial Outcome and Quality of Life Longer-Term Effects of the Initial Intensive Care Unit Stay and Living With Chronic Cardiac Disease on the Patient and Family Summary and Future Directions References 77 Congenital Cardiac Disease in the Setting of Genetic Syndromes Abstract Chromosomal Anomalies Microchromosomal Anomalies Monogenic Syndromes Heterotaxy Annotated References References 78 Acute and Chronic Renal Consequences of Cardiac Disease in Children Abstract Introduction Classification of the Cardiorenal Syndromes Summary Annotated References References 79 Pharmacogenetics in the Treatment of Congenital and Acquired Cardiac Disease During Childhood Abstract