Acknowledgment Annotated References References 55 Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease Abstract Background and Epidemiology Pathogenesis of Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease Diagnostic Criteria for Rheumatic Heart Disease Disease Progression Clinical Assessment Echocardiography and Rheumatic Heart Disease Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Rheumatic Heart Disease Complications of Rheumatic Heart Disease Medical Management of Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease Percutaneous Strategies for Mitral and Aortic Valve Disease Surgery for Rheumatic Valve Disease Early Detection: Echocardiographic Screening Establishing Centers for Rheumatic Heart Disease Annotated References References 56 Infective Endocarditis Abstract Incidence of Pediatric Infective Endocarditis Mortality Risk Cost of Management Epidemiology Classification Clinical Manifestations Imaging Diagnosis Pathogenesis Microbiology Annotated References References 57 Pericardial Diseases in Children Abstract Pericarditis Recurrent Pericarditis Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade Specific Pericardial Diseases Pericardial Constriction Pericardial Effusion or Constriction With Congenital Heart Disease Congenital Anomalies of the Pericardium Acknowledgments Annotated References References 58 Aortopathies in Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Abstract Introduction Diagnostic Syndromes and Associated Aortopathy Aortic Surgery in Connective Tissue Diseases Summary References 59 Cardiologic Aspects of Systemic Disease Abstract Metabolic Disorders: Storage Diseases Endocrine Disorders Disorders of Energy Metabolism Disorders of Collagen Synthesis or Extracellular Matrix Neuromuscular Diseases ...56 Infective Endocarditis Abstract Incidence of Pediatric Infective Endocarditis Mortality Risk Cost of Management Epidemiology Classification Clinical Manifestations... Congenital Anomalies of the Pericardium Acknowledgments Annotated References References 58 Aortopathies in Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Abstract Introduction Diagnostic Syndromes and Associated Aortopathy