FIGURE 43.7 Range of motion of the shoulder joint Once the pain has been localized, appropriate radiographs should be obtained When indicated, additional specific tests may be performed: The apprehension test for shoulder subluxation and laxity ( Fig 43.4 ), painful arc ( Fig 43.3 ) test for rotator cuff injury If the patient has nonspecific pain with numbness, paresthesias, weakness, or diffuse swelling, Roos test can be performed to distinguish between possible