within the bicipital groove Pressure may produce exquisite tenderness in this area, so palpation should be gentle; if uncertainty about a finding of tenderness exists, a comparison with the examination of the uninjured side is helpful Finally, the proximal humeral shaft and the scapula are palpated During the neurologic evaluation, it is important to test sensation over the deltoid muscle (to assess axillary nerve damage after shoulder dislocation) and over the lateral proximal forearm (to assess musculocutaneous nerve damage) Next, examine the patient’s active and passive range of motion (see Fig 43.7 ) Internal and external rotation can be observed easily in a child by asking the patient to touch behind the neck (external rotation) and lower back to the inferior tip of the opposite scapula (internal rotation)