Decreased intake Physical restriction Infant Central nervous system depression Anorexia Voluntary or imposed cessation of drinking Pharyngitis, stomatitis a Respiratory distress a Child abuse Hypothalamic hypodipsia Increased output Insensible losses Fever a Sweating Heat prostration High ambient temperature/low humidity Hyperventilation Cystic fibrosis Thyrotoxicosis Renal losses Osmotic Diabetic ketoacidosis a Acute tubular necrosis High protein feeds Mannitol usage Nonosmotic Diabetes insipidus Sustained hypokalemia–hypercalcemia Sickle cell disease Chronic renal disease