vagina, and cervix Nodules on the perianal skin Rare involvement of the uterus or ovaries Central nervous system S japonicum (brain); S mansoni, S hematobium (spinal cord) Dermatitis Larvae of nonhuman schistosomal species Serology; can help with speciation, but cannot differentiate ongoing infection, recent infection, or past infection Myopathy, motor and Serology; can help sensory deficits, cord with speciation, transection with but cannot paraparesis differentiate ongoing infection, recent infection, or past infection Swimmer’s itch; difficult Skin biopsy to differentiate demonstrating clinically from other larvae causes of dermatitis e-TABLE 94.24 EPIDEMIOLOGY, SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF SOIL HELMINTHIC INFECTIONS e-TABLE 94.25 EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF LYMPHATIC FILARIASES e-TABLE 94.26 ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE DIARRHEA IN THE CHILD LIVING WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION Bacterial Viral Protozoal/parasitic Campylobacter species C difficile E coli Salmonella species Shigella species Yersinia enterocolitica Adenovirus Cytomegalovirus Norovirus Rotavirus Cryptosporidium parvum Giardia lamblia Isospora belli Microsporidia species e-TABLE 94.27 ANTIRETROVIRAL MEDICATIONS a