BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Edited by Dhanjoo N. Ghista Biomedical Science, Engineering and Technology Edited by Dhanjoo N. Ghista Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. 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Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published December, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Biomedical Science, Engineering and Technology, Edited by Dhanjoo N. Ghista p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-471-9 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface XI Chapter 1 Biomedical Engineering Professional Trail from Anatomy and Physiology to Medicine and Into Hospital Administration: Towards Higher-Order of Translational Medicine and Patient Care 1 Dhanjoo N. Ghista Part 1 Biomedical Science: Disease Pathways, Models and Treatment Mechanisms 49 Chapter 2 Cell Signalling and Pathways Explained in Relation to Music and Musicians 51 John T. Hancock Chapter 3 Chemical Carcinogenesis: Risk Factors, Early Detection and Biomedical Engineering 69 John I. Anetor, Gloria O. Anetor, Segun Adeola and Ijeoma Esiaba Chapter 4 AGE/RAGE as a Mediator of Insulin Resistance or Metabolic Syndrome: Another Aspect of Metabolic Memory? 91 Hidenori Koyama and Tetsuya Yamamoto Chapter 5 Mitochondria Function in Diabetes – From Health to Pathology – New Perspectives for Treatment of Diabetes-Driven Disorders 123 Magdalena Labieniec-Watala, Karolina Siewiera, Slawomir Gierszewski and Cezary Watala Chapter 6 Red Palm Oil and Its Antioxidant Potential in Reducing Oxidative Stress in HIV/AIDS and TB Patients 151 O. O. Oguntibeju, A. J. Esterhuyse and E. J. Truter Chapter 7 Medical Plant and Human Health 165 Ahmed Morsy Ahmed VI Contents Chapter 8 In Vitro Leukocyte Adhesion in Endothelial Tissue Culture Models Under Flow 191 Scott Cooper, Melissa Dick, Alexander Emmott, Paul Jonak, Léonie Rouleau and Richard L. Leask Chapter 9 Pain in Osteoarthritis: Emerging Techniques and Technologies for Its Treatment 209 Kingsley Enohumah Part 2 Biomaterials and Implants 223 Chapter 10 Non-Thermal Plasma Surface Modification of Biodegradable Polymers 225 N. De Geyter and R. Morent Chapter 11 Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Biomaterials: Synthesis, Modification and Applications 247 Lin Xiao, Bo Wang, Guang Yang and Mario Gauthier Chapter 12 Multifunctional Magnetic Hybrid Nanoparticles as a Nanomedical Platform for Cancer-Targeted Imaging and Therapy 283 Husheng Yan, Miao Guo and Keliang Liu Chapter 13 Arterial Mass Transport Behaviour of Drugs from Drug Eluting Stents 301 Barry M. O’Connell and Michael T. Walsh Chapter 14 Biosurfactants and Bioemulsifiers Biomedical and Related Applications – Present Status and Future Potentials 325 Letizia Fracchia, Massimo Cavallo, Maria Giovanna Martinotti and Ibrahim M. Banat Chapter 15 Contact Lenses Characterization by AFM MFM, and OMF 371 Dušan Kojić, Božica Bojović, Dragomir Stamenković, Nikola Jagodić and Ðuro Koruga Chapter 16 Synthesis and Characterization of Amorphous and Hybrid Materials Obtained by Sol-Gel Processing for Biomedical Applications 389 Catauro Michelina and Bollino Flavia Part 3 Biomedical Engineering 417 Chapter 17 Diabetes Mechanisms, Detection and Complications Monitoring 419 Dhanjoo N. Ghista, U. Rajendra Acharya, Kamlakar D. Desai, Sarma Dittakavi, Adejuwon A. Adeneye and Loh Kah Meng Contents VII Chapter 18 Domain-Specific Software Engineering Design for Diabetes Mellitus Study Through Gene and Retinopathy Analysis 447 Hua Cao, Deyin Lu and Bahram Khoobehi Chapter 19 A Shape-Factor Method for Modeling Parallel and Axially-Varying Flow in Tubes and Channels of Complex Cross-Section Shapes 469 Mario F. Letelier and Juan S. Stockle Chapter 20 CSA – Clinical Stress Assessment 487 Sepp Porta, Gertrud W. Desch, Harald Gell, Karl Pichlkastner, Reinhard Slanic, Josef Porta, Gerd Korisek, Martin Ecker and Klaus Kisters Chapter 21 Neurotechnology and Psychiatric Biomarkers 511 William J. Bosl Chapter 22 Life Support System Virtual Simulators for Mars-500 Ground-Based Experiment 535 Eduard Kurmazenko, Nikolay Khabarovskiy, Guzel Kamaletdinova, Evgeniy Demin and Boris Morukov Chapter 23 Educational Opportunities in BME Specialization - Tradition, Culture and Perspectives 559 Wasilewska-Radwanska Marta, Augustyniak Ewa, Tadeusiewicz Ryszard and Augustyniak Piotr Part 4 Biotechnology 585 Chapter 24 Poly (L-glutamic acid)-Paclitaxel Conjugates for Cancer Treatment 587 Shuang-Qing Zhang Chapter 25 Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography: Fundamentals and Applications in Biomedical Engineering 603 Andrea Mahn Chapter 26 Development and Engineering of CSαβ Motif for Biomedical Application 629 Ying-Fang Yang Chapter 27 Application of Liposomes for Construction of Vaccines 653 Jaroslav Turánek, Josef Mašek, Milan Raška and Miroslav Ledvina Chapter 28 iPS Cells: Born-Again Stem Cells for Biomedical Applications 679 Ambrose Jon Williams and Vimal Selvaraj VIII Contents Chapter 29 Genetic Modification of Domestic Animals for Agriculture and Biomedical Applications 697 Cai-Xia Yang and Jason W. Ross Chapter 30 Animal Models of Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis 727 L. D. Jensen, J. Honek, K. Hosaka, P. Rouhi, S. Lim, H. Ji, Z. Cao, E. M. Hedlund, J. Zhang and Y. Cao Chapter 31 Ethical and Legal Considerations in Human Biobanking: Experience of the Infectious Diseases BioBank at King’s College London, UK 761 Zisis Kozlakidis, Robert J. S. Cason, Christine Mant and John Cason Part 5 Physiological Systems Engineering in Medical Assessment 779 Chapter 32 Cardiac Myocardial Disease States Cause Left Ventricular Remodeling with Decreased Contractility and Lead to Heart Failure; Interventions by Coronary Arterial Bypass Grafting and Surgical Ventricular Restoration Can Reverse LV Remodeling with Improved Contractility 781 Dhanjoo N. Ghista, Liang Zhong, Leok Poh Chua, Ghassan S. Kassab, Yi Su and Ru San Tan Chapter 33 Renal Physiological Engineering – Optimization Aspects 815 David Chee-Eng Ng and Dhanjoo N. Ghista Chapter 34 Lung Ventilation Modeling for Assessment of Lung Status: Detection of Lung Disease and Indication for Extubation of Mechanically-Ventilated COPD Patients 831 Dhanjoo N. Ghista, Kah Meng Koh, Rohit Pasam and Yi Su Chapter 35 Physiological Nondimensional Indices in Medical Assessment: For Quantifying Physiological Systems and Analysing Medical Tests’ Data 851 Dhanjoo N. Ghista [...]...Preface Biomedical Sciences (from anatomy, physiology and molecular biology to pathology) provide the information and knowledge base for biomedical engineering and technology Formulation of biological and physiological mechanisms and correlates of organ functions, disorders and disease states in biomedical engineering terms makes them more clearly defined in terms of equations, formulas and indices... terms of the load P , pressure p in the nucleus-pulposus, and the disc dimensions (a and b) [4] We then derive the expressions for the disc axial and radial deformations δ u and δh in terms of nucleus pulposus pressure p, the annulus modulus E and the disc dimensions, as given 8 Biomedical Science, Engineering and Technology by equations (17) and (18) Now the annulus modulus E is a function of the stress... gene-specific targeting to fix the genetic defects and subsequently treat these diseases using regenerative approaches Induced pluripotency has therefore significantly improved the potential of cell and tissue engineering and is poised to take it closer to translational regenerative medicine Chapter 29 is on Genetic modification of Domestic animals for Agriculture and Biomedical applications The production of... valve calcification, and osteoporosis Indeed, the development of NDPls for physiological systems and their clinical employment can revolutionise medical diagnosis and assessment Prof Dhanjoo N Ghista Consultant, Department of Graduate and Continuing Education Framingham University Massachusetts, USA 1 Biomedical Engineering Professional Trail from Anatomy and Physiology to Medicine and Into Hospital Administration:... this section describes the traditions and the present status of medical physics and biomedical engineering education in Poland A detailed history of the development of these specializations is provided with the example of the Multidisciplinary School of Engineering in Biomedicine founded in 2005 at the Akademia Gorniczo-Hutnicza (AGH) University of Science and Technology in Krakow This program of studies... proceed to engineering analysis and formulations of functions of physiological systems, and define normal and pathological ranges of physiological systems operations This in turn leads to analysis of physiological systems’ functional tests data or medical tests data, for carrying out medical diagnosis and prescribing medical treatments In this book, we start with chapter 1 on the biomedical engineering. .. designed and tested, e.g compounds based on muramyl or norAbu-muramyl peptides, CpG oligonucleotides and MPL-A Preface XXI The potential for the participation of liposome-based recombinant vaccines in the human and veterinary vaccine market is very promising Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), the topic of chapter 28, have been a focus of biomedical research in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. .. engineering (BME) professional trail Then, in Section 1, we deal with the biomedical sciences of disease pathways and mechanisms of action of treatments For biomedical engineering (BME) to be a professional discipline, we have addressed (in chapter 1) the professional needs of anatomy and physiology, medicine and surgery, hospital performance and management The role of BME in Anatomy is to demonstrate how anatomical... lysis against bacterial pathogens, fungi and viruses Biosurfactants also serve as anti-inflammatory, antitumour, immunosuppressive and immunomodulating agents They can be employed: (i) in self-assembly, human cells stimulation and differentiation, interaction with stratum corneum lipids, cell-to-cell signalling, and hemolytic activity; (ii) in biotechnology and nanotechnology, as means of introducing foreign... Higher-Order of Translational Medicine and Patient Care Dhanjoo N Ghista Department of Graduate and Continuing Education, Framingham State University, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA 1 Introduction 1.1 Theme For Biomedical Engineering (BME) to be a professional discipline, we need to address the professional needs of anatomy and physiology, medicine and surgery, hospital performance and management The role of BME . BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Edited by Dhanjoo N. Ghista Biomedical Science, Engineering and Technology. Chromatography: Fundamentals and Applications in Biomedical Engineering 603 Andrea Mahn Chapter 26 Development and Engineering of CSαβ Motif for Biomedical Application