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03/14/14 1 Introduction to Pressure Introduction to Pressure Vessel Design Vessel Design Asst. Prof. Dr. Suparerk Sirivedin King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Email: ssv@kmutnb.ac.th 28 August 2010, 8.00-17.00 03/14/14 2 Training Outline Training Outline Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Calculation of Pressure Vessel Simplified ASME Codes in Pressure Vessel Fitness for Service API 579 Failure Assessment Diagram 03/14/14 3 Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Typical pressure vessel Spherical pressure vessel 03/14/14 4 Horizontally supported pressure vessel Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Horizontally supported pressure vessel consists of a cylindrical main shell, with hemispherical headers and several nozzle connections. 03/14/14 5 Main components of pressure vessel Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Principles of Pressure Vessel Design 03/14/14 6 Pressurized water reactor (PWR) pressure vessel Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Principles of Pressure Vessel Design 03/14/14 7 Pressurized water reactor (PWR) pressurizer. Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Principles of Pressure Vessel Design 03/14/14 8 Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Design procedure 03/14/14 9 The organization of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is as follows: Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Principles of Pressure Vessel Design 1. Section I: Power Boilers 2. Section II: Material Specification: i. Ferrous Material Specifications – Part A ii. Non-ferrous Material Specifications – Part B iii. Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals –Part C iv. Properties – Part D 3. Section III Subsection NCA: General Requirements for Division 1and Division 2 i. Section III Division 1: a. Subsection NA: General Requirements b. Subsection NB: Class 1 Componentsc. Subsection NC: Class 2 Components d. Subsection ND: Class 3 Components e. Subsection NE: Class MC Components f. Subsection NF: Component Supports g. Subsection NG: Core Support Structures h. Appendices: Code Case N-47 Class 1: Components in Elevated Temperature Service ii. Section III, Division 2: Codes for Concrete Reactor Vessel and Containment 03/14/14 10 4. Section IV: Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers 5. Section V: Non destructive Examinations 6. Section VI: Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation of Heating Boilers 7. Section VII: Recommended Guidelines for Care of Power Boilers 8. Section VIII i. Division 1: Pressure Vessels – Rules for Construction ii. Division 2: Pressure Vessels – Alternative Rules 9. Section IX: Welding and Brazing Qualifications 10. Section X: Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels 11. Section XI: Rules for In-Service Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Principles of Pressure Vessel Design The organization of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is as follows: [...]... European pressure vessel construction codes typically employ a factor of safety of 1.5 for the yield strength 03/14/14 15 Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Design by rule Design- by-rule methods were used in earlier ASME design codes (Sections I and VIII) Design- by-rule methods of design are based on experience and tests This process requires the determination of design loads, the choice of a design. .. optimizes design to conserve material, leading to consistent reliability and safety Design- By-Analysis is appropriate for pressure vessels involving cyclic operation and requiring superior reliability and safety, and is suitable for pressure vessels for which periodic inspection is deemed difficult (e.g., nuclear vessels) This viewpoint was first incorporated into the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code...Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Design and Construction Codes for Pressure Vessels 03/14/14 11 Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Structural and material considerations The materials that are used in pressure vessel construction are: • Steels • Nonferrous materials such as aluminum and copper • Specialty metals... Reduction of area (a measure of ductility) • Fracture toughness • Resistance to corrosion 03/14/14 12 Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Mechanical loads on the pressure vessel include those due to: • Pressure • Dead weight • Seismic factors • Piping In addition, snow and wind loadings should be considered wherever applicable Other loads due to various postulated accidents must also be considered... determined by the distortion energy in a uni-axial tension test This is also known as the von Mises criterion, which states that yielding will take place when 03/14/14 19 Principles of Pressure Vessel Design 03/14/14 20 Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Theories of failure used in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Two basic theories of failure are used in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section... Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Specifically for the ASME Code, the primary membrane stress intensity, Pm, and the combined membrane plus bending stress intensity, Pm + Pb, for the various loading conditions are shown below 03/14/14 30 Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Design for cyclic loading vessel codes commonly use a factor of safety of 2 on the fatigue Pressure stress and a safety factor of... 22 Principles of Pressure Vessel Design The stress intensity, S, is the maximum absolute value of the stress difference In terms of the stress intensity, S, Tresca criterion then reduces to Throughout the design by analysis procedure in the ASME Code stress intensities are used 03/14/14 23 Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Allowable stress limits in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code The overall... corresponding to a stress range Si, then the usage factor Ui at the material point due to ni applied number of cycles of stress range Si is 03/14/14 31 Principles of Pressure Vessel Design If the material is subjected to m different cycles of frequency ni and corresponding to stress ranges Si (I=1, 2, m), then the cumulative damage factor, U, is given by Safety from fatigue failure requires The ASME design. .. structure to fail by plastic collapse For an elastic–perfectly plastic stress strain law such a vessel would be fully plastic when the membrane stress reaches the yield stress A safety factor of 1.5 is provided The allowable design stress (primary membrane) is therefore 2 limited to a stress limit typically of the yield (referred to as material 3 allowable Sm) 03/14/14 25 Principles of Pressure Vessel Design. .. provided the structure shakes down to elastic behavior for subsequent loading cycles Consider, for example, the outer fiber of a beam strained in tension to a value "1, somewhat beyond the yield strain as shown in Figure 03/14/14 28 Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Service limits The loading conditions that are generally considered for the design of pressure vessels include pressure, dead weight, piping . of Pressure Vessel Design Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Typical pressure vessel Spherical pressure vessel 03/14/14 4 Horizontally supported pressure. components of pressure vessel Principles of Pressure Vessel Design Principles of Pressure Vessel Design 03/14/14 6 Pressurized water reactor (PWR) pressure vessel Principles