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6
Coating
of
Steel Structures
Hydroblasting andCoating
of
Steel
Structures
H
yd
rob
I
ast
i
ng
and Coating
of
Steel Structures
Andreas
W.
Momber
Privatdozent, Department
of
Mining,
Metallurgy and Earth Sciences,
RWTH
Aachen Germany
ELSEVIER
UK
USA
JAPAN
Elsevier Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford
OX5
lGB,
UK
Elsevier Inc, 360 Park Avenue South, New York,
NY
10010-1710, USA
Elsevier Japan, Tsunashima Building Annex, 3-20-1 2 Yushima,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
1
13, Japan
Copyright
0
2003 Elsevier Science Ltd.
All
rights reserved.
No
part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in
a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic
tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission
in
writing
6-om
the publishers.
Cover illustration: Courtesy of Muhlhan Surface Protection International GmbH,
Hamburg, Germany
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Momber, Andreas W., 1959-
Hydroblasting andcoatingofsteelstructures
1.Water jet cutting 2.Stee1, Structural
-
Cleaning
3.Building, Iron andsteel
-
Cleaning
1.Title
620.1’06
ISBN 185617395X
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Momber, Andreas
W.,
19
59
-
Hydroblasting andcoatingofsteelstructures
/
Andreas
W.
Momber
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-85617-395-X (hardcover)
p.
cm.
1.
Steel, Structural
-
Corrosion. 2. Corrosion and anti-corrosives.
I.
Title.
TA467 .M545 2002
620.1’723 -dc2
1
2002040768
No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury andlor damage to
persons or property
as
a
matter of products liability, negligence
or
otherwise, or
from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions
or
ideas contained
in the material herein.
Published by
Elsevier Advanced Technology,
The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5
lGB,
UK
Tel: +44(0) 1865 843000
Fax:
+44(0) 1865 843971
Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd, Chennai, India
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and King’s Lynn
Contents
List
of
Symbols and Abbreviations Used
1
Introduction
1.1
Definitions
of
surfaces and preparation methods
1.2 Importance
of
surface preparation processes
1.3 Subdivision
of
water jets
1.4 Industrial applications
2
Fundamentals
of
Hydroblasting
2.1 Properties and structure
of
high-speed water jets
2.2 Basic processes
of
water drop impact
2.3 Parameter influence on the coating removal
2.4 Models ofcoating removal processes
3
Hydroblasting Equipment
3.
I
3.2 Pressure generator
3.3 High-pressure hoses and fittings
3.4 Hydroblasting tools
3.5
Nozzle carriers
3.6 Hydroblasting nozzles
3.7 Vacuuming and water treatment systems
High-pressure water jet machines
4
Steel Surface Preparation by Hydroblasting
4.1 Efficiency
of
hydroblasting
4.2 Cost aspects
4.3 Problems
of
disposal
4.4 Safety features ofhydroblasting
5
Surface Quality Aspects
5.1 Surface quality features
5.2
Adhesion strength
5.3
Flash
rust
5.4 Non-visible contaminants
-
salt content
vii
17
18
24
29
38
45
46
47
55
59
63
66
73
77
78
84
87
94
113
114
114
121
126
vi Contents
5.5 Embedded abrasive particles
5.6 Wettability ofsteel substrates
5.7 Roughness and profile of substrates
5.8 Aspects of substrate surface integrity
6
Hydroblasting Standards
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Initial conditions
6.3
6.4 Non-visible surface cleanliness definitions
6.5 Flash rusted surface definitions
6.6 Special advice
Visual surface preparation definitions and cleaning degrees
7
Alternative Developments in Hydroblasting
7.1 Pulsed
liquid
jets for surface preparation
7.2
Hydro-abrasive jets for surface preparation
7.3 High-speed ice jets for surface preparation
7.4 Water jethltrasonic device for surface preparation
References
133
136
138
144
149
150
151
152
154
155
157
159
160
169
176
181
183
Appendix
199
Index
203
~ ~
List
of
Symbols and
Abbreviations
Used
model parameter
jet structure parameter
cleaned surface
cleaning rate
nozzle (orifice) cross section
plunger cross section
jet structure parameter
fatigue parameter
cleaning energy flux
speed of sound water
constant
speed
of
sound target
paint consumption
jet spreading coefficient
paint degradation rate
drop diameter
maximum drop diameter
Sauter diameter (water drop)
dry film thickness
hose diameter
jet diameter
nozzle (orifice) diameter
plunger diameter
threshold nozzle diameter
cleaning effectiveness
kinetic energy hydro-abrasive jet
cleaning efficiency
kinetic energy water jet
Young’s modulus
kinetic energy abrasive particle
specific energy
frequency pulsating liquid jet
[...]... be used for firmly adhering rust Residuals of dust and loose deposits will have to be removed 4 HydroblastingandCoatingof Steel Structures Table 1.1 Continued ~~ Procedure Remarks’ Water blast-cleaning Matter to be removed For removal of loose rust The surface profile of the steel is not affected For localised removal of rust Spot blast-cleaning Paint coatings Stripping Dry abrasive blast-cleaning... include the following: a a a a a cleaning of concrete joints prior to concreting (Utsumiet aL, 1999); cleaning of concrete, stone, masonry and brick surfaces (Lee et aL, 1999); cleaning of soils (Sondermann, 1998); cutting and drilling of natural rocks in quarries (Ciccu and Bortolussi, 1998); decontamination of industrial floors: 12 HydroblastingandCoatingofSteelStructures (a) Aircraft cleaning (WOMA... construction engineering applications of water jets 13 14 Hydroblastingand CoatingofSteelStructures jet cutting of construction materials, such as tiles, natural rocks and glass (Momber and Kovacevic, 1998); removal of asphalt and bitumen from road constructions (Momber, 1993b); removal of rubber deposits from airport runways (Choo and Teck, 1990); removal of traffic marks from roadways; selective concrete... Definitions of Surfaces and Preparation Methods 1.2 Importance of Surface Preparation Processes 1.3 Subdivision of Water Jets 1.3.1 Definitions and Pressure Ranges 1.3.2 Fluid Medium and Loading Regime 1.4 Industrial Applications 1.4.1 General Statement 1.4.2 Industrial Cleaning 1.4.3 Civil and Construction Engineering 1.4.4 Environmental Engineering 2 HydroblastingandCoatingof Steel Structures 1.1... Nozzle Diameter Influence 2.3.4 Stand-off Distance Influence 2.3.5 Traverse Rate Influence 2.3.6 Impact Angle Influence 2.4 Models ofCoating Removal Processes 2.4.1 Drop Impact Model 2.4.2 Water Jet Cleaning Models 18 HydroblastingandCoating 0 1Steel Structures 2.1 Properties and Structure of High-speed Water Jets 2.1.1 Velocity of High-speed Water Jets The properties of water are listed in Table 2.1... surface treatment offer the following topics (Hartland, 2000): corrosion (8%); 8 HydroblastingandCoatingof Steel Structures surface preparation (20%);application (24%); materials (20%);equipment and specification, control and machinery (12%);health, safety and environment (8%); reporting (8%).The percentage for the educational module ‘surface preparation’ (20%)illustrates the importance of this particular... cleaning: removal of deposits (Lenz and Wielenberg, 1998); ship cleaning in the maritime industry: removal of marine growth, loosen paint, dirt and rust; sieve and filter cleaning in the process engineering industry: removal of production leftovers, especially solidified agglomerates (Jung and Drucks, 1996); steel cleaning in steel mills: removal of weld slag, water scale, mill scale and rust (Raudensky... blast-cleaning 1.2 Importance of Surface Preparation Processes IS0 8 502 states the following: ‘The performance of protective coatings of paint and related products applied to steel is significantly affected by the state of the steel surface immediately prior to painting The principal factors influencing this performance are: 0 0 0 the presence of rust and mill scale: the presence of surface contaminants,... HydrobJasting andCoatingof Steel Structures A first approximation of paint degradation rate is obtained using the following equation: The performance life of a coating system in years for a given environment for a designated rust grade of RG = 4.5, can be calculated using the following approach: Both equations are rather complex in structure and certain classified information is required to solve them Most of. .. consist of automatically blastcleaned steel to which a prefabrication primer has been applied automatically in a plant Other painted surfaces Other painted surfaces consist of steel/ metal-coated steel which has already been painted Local demands Protectivecoating system Figure I 1 Evaluation process for a protective coating system (Pietsch and Kaisel: 2002) Introduction 3 Definitions and subdivisions of . 6
Coating
of
Steel Structures
Hydroblasting and Coating
of
Steel
Structures
H
yd
rob
I
ast
i
ng
and Coating
of
Steel Structures
Andreas. 185617395X
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Momber, Andreas
W.,
19
59
-
Hydroblasting and coating of steel structures
/
Andreas
W.