political profile of sir sayyid ahmad khan by hafeez malik.DOC

ABOUT THE EDITOR Dr Hafeez Malik is Professor of Political Science at Villanova University in Pennsylvania From 1961 to 1963, and from 1966 to present, he has been Visiting Lecturer at the Foreign Service Institute of the U S State Department His publications include Muslim Nationalism in India and Pakistan (Washington, D C., Public Affairs Press, , 1963), Iqbal: Poet-Philosopher of Pakistan (Columbia University Press, New York and London, 1971), Sir Sayyia””s History of the Bijnore Rebellion (Michigan State University, East Lansing, 1977) and Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan and Muslim Modernization in India and Pakistan (Columbia University Press, New York and London, 1980) From 1971 to 1974 he was President of the *l P f> \ Pakistan Council of the Asia Society, New York Also, he is Director of the American Institute of Pakistan Studies, and President of the Pakistan-American Foundation Since 1977, he has been the Editor of the Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies (Villanova University, Villanova) Documentation Series: POLITICAL PROFILE OF SIR SAYYID AHMAD KHAN A DOCUMENTARY RECORD POLITICAL PROFILE OF SIR SAYYID AHMAD KHAN A DOCUMENTARY RECORD Edited with Notes and Introduction By HAFEEZ MALIK CAT -H #*”» UED INSTITUTE OF ISLAMIC HISTORY, CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD 1402/1982 Copyright IIHCC 1982 First Impression : 1982 M Price: Rs 175.00 $ 20.00 SUM’ Printed by ; Mirza Muhammad Sadiq at the Ripon Printing Press, Lake Road, Lahore Published by : Institute of Islamic History, Culture and Civilization, P.O Box 1230, Islamabad, Pakistan Affectionately dedicetad to Professor and Mrs W W Kulski CONTENTS Preface by Hafeez Malik xi Introduction by Morris Dembo xv A Eighteen Hundred and Fifty-Seven Sir Sayyid’s prayer for peace at Moradabad History of the Bijnor Rebellion [Translated by Morris Dembo and Hafeez Malik] Causes for the Indian Revolt 131 Appendix I-Reverend E Edmond’s letter inviting Indians to accept Christianity 175 Appendix II-Translation of a Persian notice issued by H E Lieut Governor of Bengal 179 Appendix ///-The Old Pindaree (Poem) 182 Appendix IV-Sir Sayyid’s letter of 1869 to Sir John Kaye 184 B Muslims’ Posture of Loyalty to the British Government An account of the loyal Mohomedans of India 191 Sir Sayyid’s Review on Dr W W Hunter’s Indian Musalmans: Are They Bound in Conscience to Rebel Against the Queen? 269 Appendix I-The Decision of the Law Doctors of Northern India 307 Appendix II-Extract from ”An Account of the Loyal Muhammadans of India.” 308 Appendix III-A Letter from Sayyid Ahmad Khan Bahadur, C S I., to the Editor of the ”Pioneer”, Published in the issue of the 4th April, 1871 310 x Political Profile of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan Appandix IV-A Letter from Sayyid Ahmad Khan Bahadur, C S I., to the Editor of the ”Pioneer”, published in the issue of the 14th April, 1871 312 Appendix F-An article written by Sayyid Ahmad Khan Bahadur, C.S.I., and published in the Aligarh Institute Gazette of the 12th May, 1871 315 Appendix VI-An article on Jihad, published in the editorial columns of the ”Pioneer” of the 23rd November, 1871 318 Appendix VII-A Letter from a Musalmaan of Agra, presently on a visit to England, published in the ”Times” in November, Last 323 C Patriotism Patriotism and Necessity of Promoting Knowledge in India 329 D Relations with All-India National Congress Sir Sayyid Ahmad on the state of Indian politics (consisting of speeches and letters) 341 I Sir Sayyid’s speech at Lucknow, on December 28, 1887 342 II Sir Sayyid’s reply to some criticisms ••• 356 in Sir Sayyid’s speech at Meerut, March 14th 359 IV Letter by Mr Budruddin Tyabji to the ”Pioneer” 374 V Sir Sayyid’s reply to Mr Budruddin Tyabji VI Sir Sayyid’s speech at Meerut on Education 380 Appendix-Extract of letter of Mr Mahomed Shafi to the ”Pioneer”: The Mahomedans and the Congress 386 VII Letter to Badruddin Tyabji from Sir Sayyid Ahmad 376 Khan, dated 24th January, 1888 392 VIII Letter to Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan from Badruddin Tyabji, dated 18th February, 1888 393 Index 395 Eratta 401 PREFACE This volume highlights three of Sir Sayyid’s major preoccupations: (j) the tragedy of 1857; (ii) the Muslims’ posture of loyalty toward the British Government; and (Hi) his relations with the All-India National Congress His major contribution to the articulation of the theory of Muslim nationalism remains uncovered While Sir Sayyid wrote voluminously on various aspects of Muslim nationalism, I have not been able to find any significant material in English, except the English translation of his Persian speech on patriotism, which he delivered in Calcutta on October 6, 1863 He was invited to Bengala by Nawab Abdul Latif Khan, Secretary of the Mahomedan Literary Society of Calcutta The English text of this speech is included in this volume, but it helps us only marginally in appreciating Sir Sayyid’s conceptualization of Muslim nationalism However, for a more comprehensive analysis of Sir Sayyid’s theory of nationalism, I would like to cite my study, Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan and Muslim Modernization in India and Pakistan (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981) No single event in the history of modern India and Pakistan excites the scholarly, as well as the popular, imagination more than the Revolt of 1857 The controversy still continues: was it a mutiny, a rebellion, or a war of independence? It is doubtful that Indian, Pakistani, and British scholars would ever share a common interpretation of the events of 1857, any more than American and British historians would view alike the nature of the American Revolution or the American War of Independence This disagreement, the passion and prejudice, make the study of 1857 an intriguing enterprise The contemporary British view described 1857 as a ”great mutiny,” a ”Dalhousie aftermath,” a ”Brahmanical protest,” and a ”Muslim rebellion.” An underlying theme in all these interpretations was the British concept of ”Divine chastisement,” which implied their failure to xii Political Profile of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan fulfil the ”Sacred Mission” of spreading Christianity among the peoples of India Consequently, the Palmerston Government designated October 7, 1857, as a day of National Humiliation, Fasting, and Prayers Thousands of Britons flocked to the churches to seek Divine forgiveness and aid in putting down the revolt of the Indians As we might expect, therefore, the British victory in 1858 was attributed to Divine Intervention against the ”heathens” of India Frederick Henry Cooper, the Deputy Commissoner of Amritsar, echoed in 1858 this British faith: It was not policy, or soldiers, or officers that saved the Indian Empire to England and saved England to India The Lord our God, He it was Rough hewn as were all the human devices in the vast struggle, Divine Providence shaped their ends Apparent weaknesses were turned into sources of real strength; foolishness became wisdom Not knowing that God was on Britain’s side, Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan also prayed in 1858 while he was in Moradabad preparing to Write the history of the revolt in the district of Bijnor: May God grant me His guidance so that this history may be full and accurate One-sidedness in historical writing is such a dishonest action that its effect remains for ever, so that the burden of the sin rests on the writer’s neck until the Day of Judgement Much that appears in this history was either seen by me personally or done by me personally The balance was written after thorough investigation and is completely true and accurate Sir Sayyid’s avowed impartiality should be discussed To him impartiality did not include treating the rebels of Bijnor as the equals of the British East India Company; nor were they ”patriots” or ”nationalists” exercising their right of political independence They had defied the lawful British authority in error of judgement, in greed, and out of their ancestral pride Consequently, Sir Sayyid always referred to Nawab Mahmud Khan, the central figure of the revolt in Bijnor, as NaMahmud (the cursed one) Sir Sayyid did provide, however, a faithful description of the events and distributed the blame and responsibility impartially between the Hindu and Muslim subjects of the Company To that extent his history is reliable and free from the distortions that frequently occurred in the British literature on the events of 1857 In the Rohilkhand the rebellion in the district of Bijnor presented the All-India problems in a microcosm: who started the rebellion, who sustained it, and finally who remained loyal to stamp it out? Half of INDEX Abbas, Qazea, Ali.Najaf, 21 Abdul Ahad, Nawab, 33 Ali, Sayyid Imtiaz, 84, 98 Act XI (1864), abolished kazis, AH, Sayy.d MirRustom, 51 299 Ali, Sayyid Nabi, 84 Act XV (1856) about Hindu Ali, Sayyid Qasim, Widows, 157 Ali, Sayyid Sadiq, 51, 63-64, 95 Act XIX (1853) on judicial mat- Ali, Sayyid Shuja, 84, 98 ters, 157 Ali, Sheikh Najaf, 77, 88, 91 Act XXI (1850), 151 Ali, Syed Ameer, 388 Ahl-i Hadis, 274-275 Allah, Habib, 35 Ahmed, Syed, 276, 277, 287-289, Allah, Maulvi’Alim, 40 294 Allah, Mazlier, 10 Ain-i-Akbari, 154 Allah, Rahim, 10 Akbir’s land revenue settlement, Altaf, Prince Mirza, 106 154 Ambeyla Campaign, 286 Alam, Shah, 120 Anjuman-i-Hamayat-i-Islam Alamgir, Aziz-ui-DinII, 33 Lahore, 390 Alexander, Robert, 21 ’ Anjuman-i-Islamiya Amritsar, 390 Ali, Ahsan, 10 Anjuman-i-Islamiya of Madras, Ali, Asghar, 57 389 Ali, Ashraf, 77 Anjuman Rifah-i-Am Allahabad, Ali, Bahadur Jamadar, 31, 32 391 Ali, Bakhsh, 77 Aziz, Shah Abdul, 282, 299, 313, Ali, Hakim Imam, 87 314-315 Ali, Lutaf, 10 Ali, Masa’ib, 36 Bahadur Shah’s diploma of Ali, Maulavi Inayat (Wahabi Investiture for Sayyid Mir leader), 277,279,280,281,286 Rustom Ali, and Sayyid Mir Ali, Maulavi Mahbub, 278, 279 Sadiq Ali, 51-52 Ali, Maulvi Mohammad, 77, 86, Bahra Sayyids, 52 87, 88, 89, 91 Bakhsh, Imam (alias March), 41, Ali, Maulvi Sayyid Qadir, 9, 14, 42, 43,47,48, 89 36, 37, 96, 124 Bakhsh, Karim, 84 Ali, Maulvi Wilayat (Wahabi Bakhsh, Mir Imam, leader), 277, 279,280, 281, 286 Bakhsh, Nabi, 47 Ali, Mir Amir, 77 Barrigan, Brigadier Major, 108 Ali, Mir Jivan, 72; George Pal- Barrigan, Captain, 108 mer’s letter to him, 74,80 Batten, J H., 246, 247 Ali, Mir Latafat, 10, 23,77 Battle of Ambasut, 118-124 Ali, Mir Murad, Bax, J., 253 Ali, Mir Sayyid Turab, 9, 11,12, Bazzaz, Debi Das, 11 16,21, 23-24,26, 30-39,32, 34, Bearably, W J., 221 39,42, 45, 60,63, 64, 76,87, Bengal Army, 140 89, 91, 95, 111, 112, 123, 124; Bishnoi, Pransukh, 77 grant of pension, 129 Brahman, Jamiyat Singh, 38 Ali, Mir Shahamat, British Government’s ignorance of Ali, Muhammad, 10, 23 India, 158-159 ’6 Political Profile of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan ritish sovereignty in India, 138 Gorsahay, Lah, 103, 104 Gujar, Qadam Singh, 106 armichael, C.P., 223, 225 Gujars (the cattle-ranchers), 11, hand, Lala Khub, 97 12, 13, 17, 19, 21, 23, 107 haran, BabuKaliy, huppaties (unleaven bread), the Hai, Moulavi Abdul, 298, 313 distribution of, 134 Haji, Prince Mirza, 106 ivil administration in Bengal, Hammal; Sad> oke, John, 246 Hanifa, Imam Abu, 276, 314, 316 ollege education, 148 Hasan, Raza (alias Chattan) 106 olvin, Elliot, 221 107, 110 ontemptuous treatment of Indians by British Government, Heavy assessment of lands, 154164 155 ouper, G E W., 247, 261 Hersukh, Lala, 10 ovenanted officers assumed Hmdu-Mus’im Enmity, 50-51 missionary functions, 146 Hindus killed, 91-92, 103, 127 , & urrie, John, 40 Husain, Imdad, rusades, 275 Husain, Muhammad, 10 •» Hussein, Meer Zahur, tar al-Harb, 297-300, 306,313, Hunter, W.W., 270, 275, 279, 314-322 280,281-293,294,295,302-306, tar-ul-lslam, 299-300, 306-308, 318-319, 322, 386 313, 314-322 ’as, Lala Mathra, 43, 44, 45, 47, Imam-ud-Dm, 87 48, 94 Imperial Council, 369 ’her, Bansi, 10 Indians’ poverty, 159 ogri, Kanhya Lai, 64 Interference in religious matters, raymond, Captain, 108, 109, 150 115 Ishaq, Mufti Muhammad, 72, 73, uke of Wellington, 152 83 Ismail, Moulavi, 276, 277, 288dmond’s call to Christianity, 290, 294, 314 149-150 ffendi, Ibrahim, 292 Jailbreak in Bijnor, 15-17 mamoodeen, Moonshee, 242 Jat, Sawai Singh, 38 ngland’s trade with India, 160 Jats, 20, 21, 57-58 nglish, learning of, 334, 335 Jesus Christ, 162, 165, 175-178, nglish Rule appreciated, 126-127 275 300 nglish Rule in Bijnor, 127 Jihad against British rule, 138; xclusion of Indians from high fatwah in Delhi, 139, 202, 227, appointments, 166 230-232, 239, 240, 242, 265-268, 273, 277; transfer of Jihad from aith and modern arts and the Sikhs to the British, 280sciences, 336-337 281, 282, 287, 307, 313-322 , , , ,._ 1/(0 Jihad question, 40, 275, 279, 281, emale education, 147-148 288290 294 2°5 296 297 ive causes of Rebellion (1857), 298,300, 307* 308 144-174 Jihadi, Munir Khan, 39-40, 202 raser, William, 277 Johnson, William, 247 Index 397 Kaye, Sir John, 184-186 Nawab Mahmud Khan, 81-82 Khan, Abad Allah, 37 111; grant of pension, 129 Khan, Abdoollah, 209-212 Khan, Muhammad Sa’iyd, 25-26 Khan, Abdul Latif, 388 Khan, Muhammad Yar, 113 Khan, Abdullah, 10, 77 Khan, Mu’in-ud-Din, 33; s>e also Khan, Ahmad Allah, 9, 13,14, Bhambu Khan, 24-28 20, 28, 35, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42- Khan, Mu’zzam Ali, 34 43, 46, 47, 48, 52, 53, 55, 59, Khan, Nadir Shah, 39, 43, 49, 52, 63, 72, 78, 79, 80; revenue 53 collection, 81-84, 88; burning Khan, Najib, 34; see also Khan, of Sawahiri, 89-92; ordered Najib-ud-Daulah, 33 Mir Turab Ali killed, 91,94, Khan, Najib-ud-Daulah, 33 97-98,99,103, 104, 105, 112, Khan, Namdar, 34 116,118-9 Khan, Nathe, 20 Khan, Ahmad Yar, 35; see also Khan, Nathu, 76, 82, 86, 91 Kalan Khan, 35, 39 Khan, Nawab Abdul Majeed, 388 Khan, Amdu, 41, 43,44 Khan, Nawab Mahmud, 14, 17, Khan, Amir, 34 19, 21-22, 24, 26-28, 30; British Khan, Asalat, 34 hand over Bijnor, 31; proclaiKhan, Azmat Allah, 35, 43, 49 med himself Nawab, 32; family Khan, Bahadur, 40 background, 33-34; genealogical Khan, Bahadur Ali, 21, 25, 26 table, 34; established new adKhan, Bakht (rebel leader), 278, ministration, 35-37; Sir Sayyid 311 refused collaboration, 37-38: Khan, Busharat, 34 Hindu landlords collaborate Khan, Bhanbu (Nawab Mahmud with British, 38-39; rebels Khan’s father), 24-28, 34; see become Jihadis, 39; precarious also Mu’in-ud-Din Khan, 33 alliance with Hindu landlords, Khan, Dost Muhammad (ruler of 39-40; 46-56; Bahadur Shah Kabul), 278 Zafar’s diploma of investiture in Khan, Dunde, 33 Nawab’s favour, 43-44; HinduKhan, Ghazanfar Ali, 34, 102- Muslim conflict, 50-51; Hindu 103, 112 landlords defeat the Nawab, 54Khan, Ghulam Qadir (Rohila), 33 65; correspondence with George Khan, Hasan Raza, 10, 43, 49 Palmer, 74-75; letter to Sir Khan, Inayat, 34 Sayyid and Rehmat Khan, 81Khan, Inayat Ali, 106 82; Hindu landlords defeated, Khan, Jalal-ud-Din, 34, 98, 99, 97-101; territorial division and 100, 121 naming of heir-apparent, IllKhan, Kalan, 35; see also Ahmad 114 Yar Khan, 35, 39 Khan, Qalandar, 34 Khan, Karim Allah, Khan, Raja Ameer Hussain, 338 Khan, Mandhu, 76, 77, 82, 85, Khan, Sa’d Allah, 20 26, 55, 56, 86,91 83, 98; letters to Hindu landKhan, Mirza Ismail, 362 iords> 93.99, 100-101, 102, 121, Khan, Muhammad Barkat Ali, 123 388 Khan, Sadiq Ali, Khan, Muhammad Ismail, 102 Khan, Sheikh Khyroodeen Ahmad, Khan, Muhammad, Rehmat, 9, 250-264 39,64-65, 66, 67; reports on Khan, Shan Allah, 20, 22, 23,34, Bijnor’s administration, 69, 72, 72, 78, 84, 89, 91, 99, 100, 104, 73, 76, 78; Palmer’s letter to 105, 107, 109, 110, 112, 119, him, 79, 81; cooperation with 122 598 Political Profile of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan Chan, Shah Been, 388 Lai, Bishan, Chah, Shaja’at, 52 Lai, Chayda, 10 Chan, Sir Sayyid Ahmad, 3; Lai, Gulzar, Moradabad Tnanksgiving prayer, Lai, Manu, 3-6; History of the Binjor Lai, Mohan, 10 Rebsllion, 8-129; Sadr Amin, 9; Lai, Prabhu, 10 sabotage of Nawab Mahmud Lai, Shub, Khan’s administration, 35-36; Les, Colonel Nassau, 323, 325 belief in the permanence of Legis’ative Council, non-particiBritish rule, 37; Hindu-Muslim pition of Indians, 141-143, 369, conflict in Bijnor, 50-61; 393 peoples’ perception of fighting Looted money at Nagina 15 between Mahmud Khan and Looting at Barampur, 17 Hindu landlords, 60; informing Lord Auckland, 167 the British, 62-63; British autho- Lord Amherst’s declaration rize him to administer Bijnor, (1827), 138 65; report on the Binjor admi- Lord Bentinck 167,369 n> strati on, 69-70; corresponden- Lord Brougham, 156 ce with Nawab Mahmud Khan, Lord Canning, Viceroy of India, 81-83; grant of pension, 129; 3, letter to Sir John Kaye, 184-186; Lord Dal’iousie, 280 an account of the loyalist Lord Defferin, 345, 351, 372 Muslims 193-268; his loyalty Lord Ellenborougi, 167 to British Government, 197- Lord Lytton, 372 207; rewards for services, 200; Lord Ripon, 354 criticism of Hunter’s Our Indian Musalmans, 270-326; patriotism Mahajan, Roop Chand, 41 and India, promoting knowledge in Mahomedan Central National 329-338; the state of Association Punjab, 391 Indian politics, 341-391; corres- Mahomedan Literary Society of pondeice with Badruddin Tyabji Calcutta, 297, 298, 313, 389 392-394 Makhanlal, Fateh Chand, 47 IChan, Sultan Muhammad (Ruler Marathas, 33 of P eshawar), 278 Mareh, 103; see also Imam Khan, Sydoodeen Ahmed, Bakhsh, 105-106, 107, 112, 113, Khan, Syed Hussain, 388 121, 122 Khan, Syfoollah, 214-215 Missionaries of Calcutta, 179 Khan, Thabit AH, 49, 53 Missionery Schools, 146-147 Khan, Yaqub Ali, 102 Moravia, Charles, 249 Khan, Yusaf Ali (Wali of Ram- Mughal King’s communication to pur), 80 Persia’s King, 135-136 Khan, Zabita (Najib-ud-Daulah’s Muhammadi Flag appeared, 87son), 33., 34 90, 96; Hindu landlords defeaKhan, Zuqurreea, 208 ted, 97-101 King of Delhi’s religious reputa- Mui wim tion, 139 j ~ 1n ,„ 76 205-206, 318 Kishan, Pandit Radha, 10, 35, 40, Mumr-ud-Dm, 10,14 61, 62, 63; visits George Palmer Munro, Sir T., 152 in Miranpur, 71-72; letters of Muslim’s foreign origin, 159 Palmer to him, 75-76, 80 Muslims kmed> ^_^ 93_94> 96> Lahiya, Har Sukh Rae, 18 127 Lai Bihari, 10 Mutiny at Bareilly, 24 Index 399 Nadir Shah, 280 Regulation VI (1819), resumption Naqi, Rahat, 10 of revenue free land, 152 Nath, Bhula, 10 Regulation IX (1833), directions Nath, Pandit Shambu, 10 to settlement officers, 155 Nath, Pundit Ajudhia 390 Regulation X (1829) about stampNationa character 333 ed 15g National Congress 348 352, Jbto, Rehman Akhundzada Abdul, 99 357; relations With Sir Sayyid, Rgnt ffee knd controversy; 152 342-391 J53 National Indian Association, 36 Representative ^ -NT *• government in o/n sen India, 353 One Nation, 347, 392 Rey £ Edmond>s letter 175478 Orphan’s conversion to Christian- Revenue settlement system, 154ity, 145 155 Oudh, annexation of, 136-137 , _ rr T> TAT KOSS, /\., ZJJ Outram, F B., 262 Roy Banke> 9> 38> 94 _., „ 010161791 Russian involvement, 135 Pa}me?r’ G«rg, |, 12 16, 17 , Sa Narayan; 1QO 23-24, 27 38 39 56 64 69 / , ^^^ prudhan Kunwafj 8g y^’i J ’1^’ Sappers and Miners at Dhampur, 121, 124, I2j ,n ing Pant Nana Rao Dhandu, 75 ^ and Mjner soldiers, rebel Para^an, Chandra 20 ££ Roorkee, 13; at Nagina, Pat, Padhan Nila, 77 , Pathan, Sa’d Allah Khan, 16.17 Pathar Panna, 38 Saro Ram 34 36> 38; 58 Patriotism, 330-332 Qanm Ram 10 Paul’s Epistle to Thessalomans, Penss and stipends stopped, Sjn, £ in s«ah ’ ’ Pershad, Shw 109 h Mifza Mubarak, 106 , 38 Jahan’ EmPeror’ 52 ,., Preshad, Pandit Kalka ^ P 66 ?6 gl 84> nl> 124j Promulgation of objectional laws, ^ 129- testimonial about the n}? * i «v ^4 loyalist officers, 200-203 Pythagorean astrology, 334 Shujah-ud-Daulah, 33 ’ Qazilbash, Sir Nawazish, 388 ^utab-ud-Din, Risaldar, 31 Ram, Bakhshi, 9, 35 Singh, Basant 47 49, 52, 53, 58 Ram’, Nathe, 64 Smg, Bhup 19, 88^ ^ ^ Rasul, Inayat, 122, 123 ?f 64 77 88, 92, 98, 100, 102, Rawa Caste, 11 ,„„,- ”mi 111 ’ Rebellion, a definition, 133-134 1U3, m 43> 4g Rebellion in Oudh province, 155 Sm*f ’5g ”.?? delivery of BahaRebel’s per diem, 160 ”’ ’ , Zafar’s farm0n to Reglation I (1821) for land sales, ^^3, 64*71, 89 400 Political Profile of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan Singh, Chaudhri Maharaj, 53, 57, Singh, Sardar, 10 97, 100, 103 Singh, Suti Jamiat, 97 Singh, Chaudhri Nain, 12, 18, 38, Stamped paper as revenue, 156 43, 48, 53, 55, 57; killing of Stewart, James, 224 Muslims and looting of Mos- Strachey, J., 247, 254 ques, 57-58; collaboration with Sukh, Sada, the British, 62-63, 71, 85, 89, , _,, „ Talookdari rights abolished, 155 ngh, Chaudhri Pratab 11, 19, The Old Pindaree, a poem 18225, 26, 36, 41, 43, 49, 58; 133 Alexander Shakespeare’s letter to Tucker; H C., 252, 253, 256 him 60-61; collaboration with Two nations, 347, 363, 377 the Bntish, 62-63; sentiment of Tyabji Badr-ud-Din, 357, 361, to the Brltls« 64’67, 362, 374-375, 376, 378, 392-394 78858’ 9°’ 9?’ Tyndale,Ho,lis,108 n Randhir, 19 30, viceroy,s Coimdl> 3^ 37g 89, 92, 94, 97, 102, 105-106! Victoria, Queen 3,4, 6; procla119 12i mation of 1857, 170 Singh’ Chaudhri Shivraj, 47, 65 VillaSe schools> 147 Singh, Chaudhri Umrao, 43, 46, 47, 49, 50, 58; Alexander Wahab, Abdul, 274-275, 323 Shakespeare’s letter to 60-61,102,103,105 111 him Wahabi-ism, 272-274, 276, 281, ’ 282, 284,288, 293,295,306, Singh, Dalil, 106, 107, 123 310, 314, 323-326 Singh, Ghasa, 47 49 50 52 Wahabi rebel camps, 276-277 Singh, Gobind, 92 ’ ’ Wahabis of India, 276-277 Singh, Gulab, 10, 21 Wahabi trials, 270 Singh, Hari, 68 Waliullah, Shah, 294 Singh, Jai Raj, 77 Williams, Edward Philip, 104 Singh, Jit (the brigand), 33 Wilson, Currie Crawford, 8, 40, Singh, Kunwar Kishan, 77 62> 645 letter to Chaudhry Singh, Lachman, 47 Umrao Singh instigating HinSingh, Laikh Raj, 102 d.us to unite against Mahmud Singh, Man 102 Khan, 65-66; statement about Singh, Moti, 89 Sir Sayyid, 66-67, 83, 85 Singh, Munshi Amer 10 Wingfield, Charles John, 41, 256, Singh, Puran, 85 257, 258, 260, 264 Singh, Rae Himmat, 72; George Palmer’s letter to him, 73, 79, Young Men’s Mahomedan Asso80 ciation Punjab, 391 Singh, Raj, 102 Yusuf, Imam Abu, 314, 316 Singh, Raja Ranjeet, 278 Singh, Ram Dayal, 76-77, 85, 86, Zaka, 281, 282 87-88, 89, 91, 96 Zamindari rights, public sales of, Singh, Ratan, 10 153 Singh, Rau Dayal, 64 Zeinooddeen, Sheikh, •MUM! SeiL&e* ”Wit ...Documentation Series: POLITICAL PROFILE OF SIR SAYYID AHMAD KHAN A DOCUMENTARY RECORD POLITICAL PROFILE OF SIR SAYYID AHMAD KHAN A DOCUMENTARY RECORD Edited with Notes and Introduction By HAFEEZ MALIK... issue of the 4th April, 1871 310 x Political Profile of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan Appandix IV-A Letter from Sayyid Ahmad Khan Bahadur, C S I., to the Editor of the ”Pioneer”, published in the issue of. .. critical hour would be cowardly Sir Sayyid went to Moradabad, another district of Rohilkhand, in April, 1858, with a promotion as XX Political Profile of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan Principal Sadr Amin In