Ivey Center for the Cultural Approach to History Lesson Name The Music of Colonial Virginia Author(s) Miriam Porter and Logan Porter Grades – 12 Subject US History Music Appreciation Topic Colonial Life Overview/Summary: During the early colonization of Virginia, the settlers as well as the Native Americans and the slaves, attempted to maintain traditions of their individual cultures to a certain extent Music as a means of expressing thoughts and emotions in addition to classifying groups of people was therefore the natural outflow of the people’s efforts to preserve their traditions Unit Name Life in Colonial America Estimated Time Needed for Lesson class period State/Common Core Standard, Grade Level & Description Standard Number Detailed description of each standard th 11 Grade GPS SSUSH1 The student will describe European settlement in North America during the 17th century SSUSH2 The student will trace the ways that the economy and society of British North America developed MHSMA.7 Evaluating music and music performances MHSMA.8 Understanding relationships between music, the other arts, and disciplines outside the arts MHSMA.9 Understanding music in relation to history and culture NCSS Theme Theme Number Description Detailed description of each NCSS theme Culture: Human beings create, learn, share, and adapt to culture The study of culture examines the socially transmitted beliefs, values, institutions, behaviors, traditions and way of life of a group of people; it also encompasses other cultural attributes and products, such as language, literature, music, arts and artifacts, and foods Students come to understand that human cultures exhibit both similarities and differences, and they learn to see themselves both as individuals and as members of a particular culture that shares similarities with other cultural groups, but is also distinctive In a multicultural, democratic society and globally connected world, students need to understand the multiple perspectives that derive from different cultural vantage points TIME, CONTINUITY, AND CHANGE: Studying the past makes it possible for us to understand the human story across time The historical experiences of societies, peoples and nations reveal patterns of continuity and change Historical analysis enables us to identify continuities over time in core institutions, values, ideals, and traditions, as well as processes that lead to change within societies and institutions, and that result in innovation and the development of new ideas, values and ways of life INDIVIDUALS, GROUPS, AND INSTITUTIONS Institutions are the formal and informal political, economic, and social organizations that help us carry out, organize, and manage our daily affairs Schools, religious institutions, families, government agencies, and the courts all play an integral role in our lives They are organizational embodiments of the core social values of those who comprise them, and play a variety of important roles in socializing individuals and meeting their needs, as well as in the promotion of societal continuity, the mediation of conflict, and the consideration of public issues The Cultural Approach Category Category Aesthetic Political Social Religious Intellectual Description Detailed description of each Category that is a focus of this lesson Music itself is the aesthetic piece that appears throughout the lives of those living in Colonial Virginia Musical instruments were used to communicate on and off the battlefield The drum and fife provided audible cues and instructions Parties and dances were designed with music as the core of entertainment Families gathered to sing and make music Native American rituals often included dances Music was basic to the religious/ritualistic gatherings of most groups of people present in colonial Virginia (Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans) It often expressed the doctrine along with the emotions of those participating Music appeared in the intellectual world of The College of William and Mary as an integral part of the chapel services Only wealthy Europeans were fortunate enough to purchase musical instruments; others possessed the ingenuity to create and fashion handmade instruments to play Handouts/Materials/Textbook Pages/Web Links List all of the materials in the lesson List pages in textbooks and online links All Grade Levels: • Handout 1: “Speaking of Dancing” primary document (http://teachers.history.org) • Additional Sources: • Handout 2: “La Royal: Cotillion dance” instructions (http://teachers.history.org) • • Image Handout 3: “La Royal” sheet music (http://teachers.history.org) Handout 4: “Receipts and Other Suggestions for a Twelfth Night Celebration (http://teachers.history.org) Description Handout 1: “Speaking of Dancing” primary document Citation URL http://teachers.history.org Handout 2: “La Royal: Cotillion dance” instructions http://teachers.history.org Handout 3: “La Royal” sheet music http://teachers.history.org Handout 4: “Receipts and Other Suggestions for a Twelfth Night Celebration http://teachers.history.org Guiding Questions What should students know or understand at the completion of the unit or lesson? All Grade Levels: • • • • What function does music serve in a culture? What cultures were represented in Colonial Virginia? What areas of life and culture included music? Does music continue to serve as an aspect of cultural preservation? Indicators of Achievement List all of the important indicators of achievement (important people, places, and events) and vocabulary that students will need to know at the conclusion of the lesson • Students are able to identify the three major people groups present in Colonial Virginia • Students are able to categorize areas of Colonial life that incorporated music according to the Cultural Approach aspects • Students are able to interpret the function of music • Students are able to evaluate the use of music in the 21st century Assessment Strategies Describe the assessments that will be used during the unit Students are able to demonstrate the ability to analyze primary sources and make correct inferences as to their meanings Students are able to synthesize knowledge learned in this lesson and observations of student life in America and draw a conclusion about the use of music in American culture today Teaching Strategies Students brainstorm current music 30 Primary Sources and Secondary source 10 Conclusion/Summary 5 Discuss life in Colonial Virginia 10 Analysis – Position Power Point to establish the link between music and culture Describe all of the teaching strategies that you will be using in this lesson In the squares calculate the percentage of the lesson that the strategy will take For example in an hour lesson, lecture should take no more than 25% (15 min) of the lesson Sparking Strategy/Warm-Up Sparking Strategy (Lesson introduction) Students identify types of popular music and contemporary instruments Lesson Procedures In a numerical list provide a step by step outline of the lesson Include questions you will ask the students and material you will use Outline (Steps also clarified in Guide Sheet) Establish the topic of discussion o Life in Colonial Virginia Develop the focus questions o What function does music serve in a culture? o What cultures were represented in Colonial Virginia? Use analysis of primary sources to explore where music surfaced in daily life Present Power Point of Music in Colonial Virginia o Lead students in discovering music’s involvement in cultural aspects of Colonial life Lesson Wrap Up o Make connections to modern uses of music to preserve culture by brainstorming areas of the students’ lives that incorporate music in a functional capacity as well as in the entertainment realm Differentiation Think about students’ skill levels, intelligences, and learning styles Scaffolds: Allow for individual explanations of activities and primary sources as needed for students Allow for group analysis of primary sources Extensions: Teach a Colonial Dance Teach the song “Here We Come A Wassailing” and serve wassail and gingerbread Use student musicians to perform music of the period Create a media presentation of music in the lives of students today with Cultural Approach correlations Summarizing Strategies/Synthesizing Activity The strategies to allow students to summarize what they learned in the lesson Individual and group discussion Citations (as needed)