Sách - Biến Đổi Câu trong ngữ Pháp (tiếng Anh)

Sách - Biến Đổi Câu trong ngữ Pháp (tiếng Anh)

MỤC LỤC Trang TÓM TẮT LÝ THUYẾT VÀ BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN ↔ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH MỆNH ĐỀ “IF/ WISH” RÚT NGẮN MỆNH ĐỀ THÀNH CỤM VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI ĐẢO NGỮ CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT 11 CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG 14 CÂU SO SÁNH 15 CÂU CẦU KHIẾN (HAVE/ GET) 16 SO THAT ↔ SUCH ….THAT ↔ TOO…TO ↔ ENOUGH… TO… 17 10 NHỮNG CỤM TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA 18 BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH A BÀI TẬP TRÊN LỚP VÀ ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT QUỐC GIA 21 B BÀI TẬP LUYỆN THI FCE, HỌC SINH GIỎI 39 C BÀI TẬP LUYỆN THI CAE, HỌC SINH GIỎI 51 ĐÁP ÁN GỢI Ý CÁC DẠNG BÀI CHUYỂN ĐỔI CÂU 59 A BÀI TẬP TRÊN LỚP VÀ ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT QUỐC GIA 62 B BÀI TẬP LUYỆN THI FCE, HỌC SINH GIỎI 69 C BÀI TẬP LUYỆN THI CAE, HỌC SINH GIỎI 74 KINDS OF PHRASES, CLAUSES AND SENTENCES (CÁC LOẠI CỤM TỪ, MỆNH ĐỀ VÀ CÂU) I CỤM TỪ (PHRASES) a Cụm động từ + Cụm động từ chủ động: mở đầu V-ing + Cụm động từ bị động: mở đầu V3/ed + Cụm động từ mục đích: mở đầu to + V1/ in order to + V1/ so as to + V1 Ex: Standing on the top of the mountain, we can see many houses from far distances Considered one of the new sports, belly dance is the best choice for many young people You should look up the meaning of new words in the dictionary in order not to misuse them b Cụm danh từ (Noun Phrase = NP) Gồm có hai từ trở lên tân danh từ Cụm danh từ có dạng: Mạo từ (a/ an/ the) Tính từ sở hữu (my/ our/ your/ they/ his/ her/ its) Số lượng + (Tính từ) + Danh từ (many/ some/ few/ most…) Chỉ thị (this/ that/ these/ those) Có thể có khơng có tính từ cụm danh từ Nếu có nhiều tính từ trật tự sau: OSHACOM = (Option (lựa chọn) – Size (kích cỡ) – Shape (hình dáng) – Age (độ tuổi) – Color (màu sắc) – Origin (nguồn gốc) – Material (vật liệu)) Ex: Her parents bought her a nice new black Japanese bike as her birthday present c Cụm giới từ Là nhóm từ, mở đầu giới từ Prep + NP Ex: on the table, across the river II MỆNH ĐỀ (CLAUSES) Là nhóm từ gồm có chủ ngữ động từ chia S+V Ex: My mother walks to work every day S (V = walks: đơn, chủ động) V The book has been translated into many different languages (V = has been translated: S V hoàn thành, bị động) III CÂU (SENTENCES) Câu đơn (simple sentence): câu có chủ ngữ động từ chia Khơng có liên từ nối câu đơn S+V Các thành phần câu * Subject (S: chủ ngữ): đứng đầu câu thành phần khơng thể thiếu câu Chủ ngữ đại từ (I/ You/ We/ They/ He/ She/ It) danh từ, danh động từ (V-ing), mệnh đề danh từ Ex: The young student is looking for the meaning of the new words in the dictionary * Verb (V: động từ): đứng sau chủ ngữ thành phần bắt buộc câu Động từ phải chia hợp lí (hiện đơn, khứ đơn, hồn thành…) phù hợp với chủ ngữ (số ít, số nhiều) Động từ dạng chủ động bị động Ex: They have translated the book into many languages * Object (O: tân ngữ): đứng sau động từ giới từ Tân ngữ đại từ (me/ you/ us/ them/ him/ her/ it) danh từ, danh động từ (V-ing) mệnh đề danh từ Ex: We met a very nice girl at the party * Complement (C: bổ ngữ):bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ tân ngữ Bổ ngữ tính từ danh từ Ex: She is a nice girl They painted their house green * Modifier (M: thành phần bổ nghĩa): thành phần không bắt buộc câu, trạng từ, cụm giới từ, mệnh đề quan hệ Ex: The baby is sleeping soundly A new school was built near my house Các cấu trúc câu đơn Dựa vào loại động từ mà có cấu trúc câu sau a1 S + Vl +Adj (Vl = be/ feel/ become/ seem/ appear/ sound/ smell/ stay/ remain/ get…) Ex: She is a good student She feels tired after a long working day a2 S + BE + SC (N/NP)(S SC đối tượng) Ex: She is a good student a3 S + BE + prep + N/NP Ex: The book is on the table b S + Vi (Vi = go/ come/ sleep/ lie/ rise/ happen/ arrive/ laugh/ swim/ exist…) Ex: She sings very beautifully c S + Vt + O (Vt = hầu hết động từ thuộc dạng này) Ex: They are building a new school near my house d S + Vt + O + O (V = give/ tell/ send/ buy/ show/ award/ lend/ offer/ bring/ teach/ send/ appoint/ call ) Ex: She gave me a present on my birthday e S +V+O+C (V = find/ paint/ make/ get/ name/ elect/ consider…) Ex: She painted her house green Câu kép (compound sentence): câu có hai hay nhiều câu đơn nối với liên từ: FOR (bởi vì), AND (và), NOR (cũng khơng), BUT (nhưng), OR (hoặc), YET (tuy nhiên) =FANBOY) Ex: She is a good students and she works very hard Câu phức (complex sentences): câu gồm có mệnh đề (main clause) hay nhiều mệnh đề phụ (subordinate clauses) Hầu hết dạng biến đổi câu xảy mệnh đề phụ Ex: We stayed at home because it was raining so heavily MODELS OF STRUCTURES (CÁC DẠNG BÀI CHUYỂN ĐỔI CÂU) DẠNG THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN ↔ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH 1a QKĐ (started/began … ago/ in + năm) HTHT (for/ since) * S + began/ started ……+ khoảng t/g + ago S + have/ has + V3/ed …… for + khoảng t/g * S + began/ started ……… in/when + QK S + have/ has + V3/ed …… since + QK Ex: He started working for this factory a year ago →He has worked for this factory for a year They began building the primary school in 2014 → They have built the primary school since 2014 1b HTHT (for + khoảng t/g) It is + khoảng t/g + SINCE + S+ V(QKĐ) S + has/ have +V3/ed …+ FOR + khoảng t/g… IT IS + khoảng t/g + SINCE + S + V(QKĐ) OR The last time + S + V(QKĐ)… + WAS + in/ ago Ex: I have not seen my grandfather for two years → It is two years since I last saw my grandfather → The last time I saw my grandfather was two years ago 1c HTHT (not/ never before) ….the first time/ so sánh S + have/ has + not/ never + V3/ed … before IT/ THIS + IS + the first time + S + has/ have + V3/ed OR IT/ THIS + IS + the + so sánh + N + (that) S + has/ have + V3/ed Ex: I have not read such an interesting book before → It is the first time I have read such an interesting book → It is the most interesting book that I have ever read I have never eaten kind of food before → It is the first time I have eaten that kind of food That is the most delicious cake that I have ever eaten → I have not eaten such a delicious cake before 1d QKĐ (last) HTHT (since) mốc t/g khứ since + S + V(QKĐ) S + last + V2/ed … WHEN + S + V2/ed S + has/ have + not + V3/ed ……SINCE + S + V2/ed Ex: The last time I heard about him was in August → I have not heard about him since August I last saw him when I was a child → I have not seen him since I was a child Exercise 1 Tom has not had his hair cut for over three months It is over three ………………………………………………………………………………………… I have not enjoyed myself so much for years It is ………………………………………………………………………………….………………… I haven’t played football since 2010 The last time ……………………………………………………………………….………………… She has not driven a car before This is the first ………………………………………………………………………………………… She started working as a secretary four years ago She has ………………………………………………………………………………………………… We haven’t seen Tom since he moved to Bristol We last …………………………………………………………………………………….…………… I have never eaten this kind of food before This is the first ………………………………………………………………………………………… The last time Lucy wore that dress was in Barbara’s wedding Lucy hasn’t …………………………………………………………………………………………… Jenny has learned to play the piano since she was a child Jenny began …………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 I have never met such a famous singer before It’s the first …………………………………………………………………………………………… DẠNG MỆNH ĐỀ “IF/ WISH” 2a Viết lại câu với IF - Chọn loại: + Hiện tại: loại + Quá khứ: loại - Chọn mệnh đề + nguyện nhân (“because”/ “simply because”…) → mệnh đề IF + kết (“so”/ “that is why”…) → mệnh đề - Phủ định ↔ khẳng định (ở mệnh đề) Ex: She was late for the meeting because her car broke down → If her car had not broken down, she would not have been late for the meeting She didn’t study hard so she failed the final exam → If she had studied hard, she would not have failed (have passed) the final exam What a pity you failed in your driving test → I wish that you had not failed (had passed) in your driving test She regretted leaving the job as a sales clerk at the bank → She wishes she had not left the job as a sales clerk at the bank 2b Unless If….not If + not = Unless (Mệnh đề chứa “Unless” không chia phủ định) Ex: If she doesn’t hurry, she will be late for the last train → Unless she hurries, she will be late for the last train Some of the rare animals will be extinct if there are no ways to protect them → Unless there are ways to protect the rare animals, some of them will be extinct If she worked hard, she would not be sacked → Unless she worked hard, she would be sacked 2c Đảo ngữ mệnh đề IF Loại 1: If + S + V… Loại 2: If + S + V2/-ed… Loại 3: If + S + had + V3/-ed… → Should + S + V… → Were + S + …./ Were + S + to +V… → Had + S + V3/-ed… Ex: If there is any problem, don’t hesitate to call me → Should there be any problem, don’t hesitate to call me If I were you, I would not behave in such a way → Were I you, I would not have in such a way If she worked hard, she would get well-paid → Were she to work hard, she would get well-paid If I had known you were in hospital, I would have visited you → Had I known you were in hospital, I would have visited you 2d Câu điều kiện ẩn với “Without/ But for” Without If there had not been + NP + NP or But for If it had not been for + NP Ex: Without your help, we could not have completed our project as planned → If there had not been your help, we could not have completed our project as planned → If it had not been for your help, we could not have completed our project as planned Exercise Unless he starts at once, he’ll be late for school If he …………………………………………………………………………………………………… We didn’t go because it rained If ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Tom never does anything if you don’t tell him what to Unless …………………………………………………………………………………………………… I’m having a lot of trouble now because I lost my passport last week If ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… She fails the final exam simply because she doesn’t study the lesson well If ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… My brother didn’t buy that car because he didn’t have enough money If ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… If it doesn’t rain soon, millions of pounds’ worth of crop will be lost Unless …………………………………………………………………………………………………… You didn’t have breakfast; that is why you are hungry now If ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… The accident happed as a result of the driver’s not paying attention to the road If ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 The violent storm prevented the ship from sailing If ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Go right now or you will be late for the last train Unless …….……………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Study hard and you will pass the exam If ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… DẠNG RÚT NGẮN MỆNH ĐỀ THÀNH CỤM V-ING Mệnh đề: S + V Because Though Although +S+V Cụm: Danh từ (The/ Tính từ sở hữu + (Tính từ) + Danh từ) because of + V-ing/ Cụm danh từ (NP) in spite of/ despite 3a Hai chủ ngữ trùng (S1 = S2), → dùng V-ING Because/ Although + S1 + V…, S2 + V… Because of/ In spite of/ Despite + V-ing…., S2 + V Although Bob worked very hard, he didn’t get any promotion → In spite of working hard, Bob didn’t get any promotion She stayed at home because she felt tired → Because of feeling tired, she stayed at home 3b Hai chủ ngữ khác (S1 ≠ S2), → dùng Cụm danh từ (NP) Because/ Although + S1 + V…, S2 + V… Because of/ In spite of/ Despite + cụm danh từ…., S2 + V Ex: Because she behaved well, everyone loved her → Because of her good behavior, everyone loved her Although both his legs were broken in the crash, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded → In spite of his broken legs in the crash, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded We didn’t go for a walk because it rained → Because of the rain, we didn’t go out for a walk Because the weather changed, we cancelled our trip to Ha Long bay → Because of the weather change, we cancelled our trip to Ha Long bay 3c When/ Before/ After/ Since + S + V…, S + V V-ing/ Having + V3/ed (chủ động) V3/ed (bị động) Ex: Tom had failed twice, so he decided not to try again → Having failed twice, Tom decided not to try again The mother smiled happily She took the baby in her arm → Smiling happily, the woman took the baby in her arm Ballet is considered one of the most beautiful forms of performance art It is a combination of dance and mine performed to music → Considered one of the most beautiful forms of performance art, ballet is a combination of dance and mine performed to music 3d “so that” + S + V to + V1/ in order to + V1/ so as to + V1 Ex: We had to leave quietly so that we would not disturb other people → We had to leave quietly so as not to disturb other people Exercise He couldn’t come to the party because he was seriously ill Because of ……………………………………………………………………………………………… My sister gets high pay because she works well Because of ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Although it was very noisy, we continued to study our lesson Despite ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Mary went to the party though she felt depressed In spite ……………………………………………………………………………………………….… My father retired last month because he was old Because of ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Despite living in the same street, we hardly ever see each other Though ……………………………………………………………………………………………….… In spite of Mary’s sadness at loosing the contest, she managed to smile Although ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Although the weather changed, the trip went ahead as planned In spite…….……………………………………………………………………………………….…… She didn’t eat much although she was hungry Despite … … ………………………………………………… ………………… 10 Having finished the work, Tom went home After Tom …………………………………………………… ……………………………………… DẠNG ĐẢO NGỮ A Đảo ngữ với Trợ động từ (đem Trợ động từ đặt trước Chủ ngữ) Trợ động từ + S + BE (am/ is/ are/ was/ were), + MODALS (can/ could/ should ), đem đặt trước chủ ngữ + HỒN THÀNH (has/ have/ had + V3/ed) + Khơng có động từ trên: mượn DO/ DOES/ DID 4a Trong mệnh đề IF (bỏ IF) - Loại 1: IF + S + V1/s/es - Loại 2: IF + S + V2/ed - Loại 3: IF + S + had + V3/ed Should + S + V1… Were + S +…/ Were + S + to + V1 Had + S + V3/ed Ex: Call me if there is any urgent problem → Should there be any urgent problem, call me If I were you, I would not behave like that → Were I you, I would not behave like that If she spoke English well, she would get a better job → Were she to speak English well, she would have get a better job If you had taken my advice, you would not get into the trouble now → Had you taken my advice, you would not get into the trouble now 4b Từ phủ định đứng đầu câu * No/ Not/ Not until/ No longer Never/ Hardly = Rarely = Scarcely = Barely/ Little… + trợ động từ + S * Hardly + had + S + V3/ed + when/ before + S + V2/ed = No sooner/ Scarcely/ Barely + had + S + V3/ed + than + S + V2/ed Ex: Hardly had she put the telephone down when her boss rang → No sooner had she put the telephone down than her boss rang As soon as she arrived home, it rained → Hardly had she arrived home when it rained The little boy didn’t his homework until his father came home → Not until his father came home did the little boy his homework 4c So/ Such … that… S + V + so + tính từ/ trạng từ + that + S + V So + tính từ/ trạng từ + trợ động từ + S + that + S + V S + be + such + (a/an) + tính từ + danh từ + that + S +V Such + (a/an) + tính từ + danh từ + be + S + that + S +V Ex: She was so angry that she burst into tears 10 16 She wanted to know when I had left school 17 Tom regretted not working hard to pass the exam 18 He was said to be the best student in his group 19 He is having someone mend the window 20 Although I had met Brian before, I had never really talked to him TEST It can’t be Hilary’s fault I wish Mr Baker had told me earlier I’d rather you did not go out this evening Travelling by air makes me nervous The car was too expensive for him to afford In spite of having a good salary, he was unhappy in his job I wish I had not missed your birthday party It is such a dirty restaurant that no one wants to eat there The firemen managed to put the fire out after fighting it for twelve hours 10 I had someone service my car last week/ I had my car serviced last week 11 Much as I admire her achievements, I don’t really like her 12 Paul apologized {to Susan} for giving her the wrong number 13 Unless he works harder, he’ll lose his job 14 India is the best country that I’d like to visit in the world 15 Amada finally succeeded in finding a job 16 Martin apologized to Angela for having damaged her car 17 In spite of the heavy rain, none of the guests came late 18 Samantha was last seen on the day of the party 19 Nothing is known about Susan’s family 20 After I had arrived at the conference, someone handed me a note TEST She regretted not applying for the job in the library Such was much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed The storm prevented them from climbing up the mountain It will take you more than twenty minutes to reach the station It was not until the next day that I heard the news The older he grew, the more forgetful he became She denied telling anyone about my scheme My suit needs cleaning (to be cleaned) before the interview Such is a popular play that the theater is likely to be full every night 10 I apologized for being rude to me the day before 11 Does your aunt need to be met at the station? 12 The house was believed to have been sold 13 Not until I returned from my holiday did I find out about my results 14 Hardly had she begun to speak when there was a shout from the back of the hall 15 Tony insisted on complaining to the hotel manager personally 16 Such was a sudden attack that we had no time to escape 17 Helen has not visited her parents for ages 18 Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike 19 In spite of the weather change, the trip went ahead as planned 20 Rich as he was, he felt so unhappy and lonely TEST Tired as she was, she was determined to continue to climb up the mountain No matter how intelligent you may be, you should be more careful about this issue 64 In spite of her injured feet, she managed to get home before dark Hardly had he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came Because of the heavy rain, we didn’t go out to have dinner But for his generous contribution, we wouldn’t have continued our work Despite the torrential rain all day we all enjoyed the excursion If it hadn’t been for your sound advice, I would never have made a good investment Unless you are careful, you will cut yourself with that knife 10 Unless Marry hurried, she would be late for the meeting 11 If Larry had had enough money, she would have bought the shirt 12 My cousin has been playing soccer since he was a child 13 How long have you done your homework? 14 He has not had his eyes tested for ten months 15 I have never read such an interesting novel before 16 No one has seen Mr Brown since July 1978 17 This is the first time I have ever eaten this kind of food 18 Jenny used to be play tennis better than she does now 19 Pedro runs faster than any other students in my class/ Pedro is the fastest runner in my class 20 My mother can cook better than I can TEST Although Peter had very little money, he managed to make ends meet Pamela accused Meg of damaging her new CD Ben insisted on paying for the meal Fred thanked Paul for lending him the money Rita apologized to Ben for keeping him waiting for so long His wife suggested that he should put a better lock on the gate (or) His wife suggested putting a better lock on the gate Helen thanked Mr Wilson for offering her that job In spite of the weather change, the trip went ahead as planned Despite the age, they worked very hard 10 Because of the rain we didn’t go out to have dinner 11 It was not until the next day that I heard the news 12 She denied telling anyone about my scheme 13 Under no circumstance shall I lend Robert any money 14 Be careful and you might not fall 15 Try as (hard as) I might, I couldn’t lift the suitcase 16 Not until I returned from my holiday did I find out about my exam results 17 Hardly had she begun to speak when there was a shout from the back of the hall 18 It wasn’t until what happened some time later that I realized the full implications 19 Come whatever may, I won’t change my mind about it 20 If Anthony persists in breaking the law, he will get to trouble TEST Tony insisted on complaining to the hotel manager personally The Prime Minister is thought to be considering raising taxes I prefer playing tennis to watching TV Such was a sudden attack that we had no time to escape Much as I really like her voice, I don’t like her choice of songs Were you to change your mind, you’d be welcome to join us Much as I have fun being with her, I think she talks too much Helen has not visited her parents for ages Mrs Taylor wishes she did not live in such a small house 10 Hardly does the council allow appeals against its decisions 11 Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike 65 12 There has been a dramatic rise of house prices this year 13 The bank robber threatened the clerk not to move or he would shoot 14 I have no intention of giving you any more money 15 Thanks to Gerry’s advice, the firm didn’t go bankrupt 16 Frederic invited Sarah to come to his birthday party 17 The sea was too rough for the children to go swimming 18 The lady threatened the man to leave her house or she would call the police 19 Because of the violent storm, the ship couldn’t reach its destination on time 20 What a very beautiful dress she is wearing! TEST The girl offered the lady a coffee Having been delayed by heavy traffic, she was unable to arrive on time The sooner we can solve the problem, the better it will be for all concerned Tom promised to let Janet know the answer by the end of that week Without the skillful surgeon he would not have survived the operation It is useless to persuade Jane to change her mind The doctor advised me to stop smoking, otherwise I would be ill If I were you, I would stop smoking So weak was the woman that she couldn’t lift the suitcase 10 She is said to have broken several world records in swimming 11 The kidnapper threatened us to pay the ransom; otherwise they would kill our boy 12 Jane criticized Frank for leaking their confidential report to the press 13 Not having been informed of the change in flight schedule, Martin missed his flight 14 However hard Fred tried to lose weight, he did not succeed 15 It took Fiona an hour to type the report 16 You are not allowed to walk on the grass in the park 17 If she had studied hard enough, she would have won the scholarship 18 I was surprised because the stranger knew my name 19 So embarrassing was the situation that she did not know what to 20 She would rather go to the library than stay at home TEST 10 Mr Goldman is said to give nearly a million pounds to charity last year He politely asked me to send him further details of the job As they arrived too late, they couldn’t get good seat Not until I left home did I realize how much my family meant to me I find it difficult to understand what he implies Not until he was halfway through the task did he realize how difficult it was Although her health was poor, she continued to carry out her duties That book is not worth reading The officer ordered the soldier to send that urgent document immediately 10 No matter how intelligent you may be, you should be more careful about this 11 All the document is supposed to be typed before the meeting 12 In spite of his ability to the job, he wasn’t given the position 13 If he had worked hard, he would not have failed the exam 14 His handwriting is too small for me to read 15 Adam suggested that Gavin should get his hair cut 16 They had so fierce a dog that nobody would visit them 17 Hadn’t it been for my father’s money, we couldn’t have managed our business successfully 18 It was not until the figures were re-checked that the mistake in the accounts was noticed 19 Should she have any problem, ask her to come to see me 20 Not until he came into the light did I recognize him 66 TEST 11 The teacher complained to me about making terrible mistakes On hearing the news, she broke down the moment Only after a few months working for him did she feel relaxed I regret not taking that job in the bank I had no intention of offending you Although it rained, my father went to work No sooner had he arrived than he began to make trouble Despite the age, they worked very hard Having prepared well for the test, she felt very confident 10 If he had hurried, he would not have missed the train 11 No one in the club can play tennis better than Janet 12 Never before have I seen that man here 13 He has learned to drive since he was eighteen 14 No sooner had he returned from the excursion to the desert than he rang her 15 It was so late that nothing could be done 16 Hardly had I got into the bath when someone knocked at the door 17 Only when I heard the full story did I realize I had been taken in 18 Were all environmental pollution to stop today the world would be much better off 19 The storm prevented them from climbing up the mountain 20 Should there be any difficulty you can ring this number TEST 12 Scarcely had he appeared when everything went wrong Never before have I made such a stupid mistake If only I had not given Dennis my phone number If I hadn’t made the mistake, we would not have lost the game The more famous she became, the more difficult she avoided paparazzi I hadn’t expected the film to be so interesting Only when it is urgent should you ring me Linda apologized to Kate for sending her wrong information Had it been not for my uncle’s support, I would not have been able to finish the project (or) Had it been not for my uncle’s support, I could not have finished the project 10 No sooner had the announcement been made than everyone started complaining 11 The film star avoided being recognized by wearing dark glasses 12 Only after a twelve-hour wait did their flight leave 13 There has been a steady fall in the rate of inflation during recent months 14 I appreciate your giving me a lift 15 So great was the demand that they had to preprint the book immediately 16 In spite of having a good salary, he was unhappy with his job 17 If there had not been the heavy rain, everybody would have gone out 18 The meat was so rotten that it had to be thrown away 19 We’d rather you did not smoke 20 Only when the general’s personal diaries was published did the truth come out TEST 13 If Mary does not have to her homework, she will go with us If it does not rain, there will be a shortage of water The heavy rain prevented them from playing the match No other students in my class as tall as Mary Not so many women go to school in the past as nowadays How fluently she speaks English! 67 Although there are a lot of difficulties, Vietnam Communist Party has led Vietnamese people to one after another victory Though we stay very far from the lighthouse, we can see its light every night Although he did not have any qualification, he became a director 10 They shouldn’t have destroyed the biggest Buddhist statue 11 You should take this course this semester 12 We really must have the house decorated before the wedding 13 You should not have left the class without asking for your teacher’s permission 14 Because Martin had not been informed of the change in flight schedule, Martin missed his flight 15 You should not have leaked our confidential report to the press 16 The team leader reminded us to tidy up the final draft before submission 17 The kidnapper threatened to kill our boy if we did not pay the ransom 18 So weak was the woman that she could not lift the suitcase 19 He offered me some more beer 20 Despite having very little money, Peter managed to make ends meet TEST 14 It is useless to persuade Jane to change her mind Having been delayed by heavy traffic, Mary was unable to arrive on time Because Mary had been delayed by heavy traffic, she was unable to arrive on time The girl offered the lady a coffee The lady threatened to call the police if the man did not leave her house John reproached his secretary for having finished the report The sea was so rough that the children couldn’t go swimming So long as the examiner can read your handwriting, he/ she will accept your answer You should look up the meaning of new words in the dictionary so that you cannot misuse them You should have finished the report 10 Ivan promised to pay back Gloria’s money 11 Mary cordially invited me to join them for their next class reunion 12 I find it difficult to understand what he implies 13 I wish that I had not accepted the invitation to her birthday party 14 He cannot have known that his brother graduated with flying colors 15 It was his determination that he pursued personal goals successfully 16 The customer refused to leave until he/ she saw the manager 17 The man wore gloves so that he would not leave any fingers 18 The boy begged his mother not to tell his father about his mistake 19 Rather than disturb the meeting, I left without saying goodbye 20 If it had not been for my father’s money, we couldn’t have managed TEST 15 The man is believed to be killed by terrorists Without the improvement in export sales, the company would not have had a successful year In spite of the heavy rain, none of the guests came late If Martina’s car had not broken down on the way, he would not have been was late for the meeting Vitamin C is known to be good for treating colds The escaped prisoner is rumored to be living on an island The last candidate to be interviewed for the sales position was entirely unsuitable The book has been translated into many different languages A lot of money is spent on advertising every year 10 The mother warned her children not to go near the water 11 Tina’s mother promised to make her a nice birthday cake 68 12 You should not have cheated in the exam 13 Felix invited Kate to go out for dinner with him 14 The kidnapper threatened to kill their son if they called the police 15 Should you have any complaints about the product, return it to the shop 16 We are going to have the garage repair the car next week OR We are going to have the car repaired by the garage next week 17 Had I been warned about the situation, I would have made different arrangements 18 If there had not been the terrible storm, we could have climbed up the mountain 19 She asked me where I had spent my holiday last year 20 She had somebody repair her car yesterday/ OR She had her car repaired yesterday PHẦN B (Trích từ đề thi học sinh Giỏi thành phố quốc gia, đề thi quốc tế FCE) Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given TEST 1 Marcella left home very early in order to catch the train You are required to show your student card as you enter the library I usually go straight to the check-in desk as soon as I arrive at an airport On business trips, I’d rather drive home than stay in a hotel overnight The fashion model is said to be discovered by her agent while working at a restaurant There is no difference between my views on this subject and yours Sara knew that it is necessary for her brother to leave by o’clock 69 The secretary said that there wasn’t any paper left for the photocopier I regretted not having done to help 10 Tickets for the concert will be on sale during the lunch hour 11 We played tennis even though the weather was cold 12 I wish that I had stayed in touch with Brian when I was in Dublin 13 In my opinion, there is a complete difference in comparison with these two kinds of music 14 I don’t know what made Sarah leave the party so suddenly 15 Could you mind taking care of my cat while I’m away on holiday? 16 We discussed the problem but nobody came up with a solution 17 Claire’s parents never let her stay out late when she lived at home with her parents 18 If I’d caught the 10.30 train, I would not have turned up late 19 You must carry out the manager’s instructions 20 Today’s meeting has been put off until the next week TEST I would rather eat sandwiches than a cooked lunch George apologized for behaving so badly It won’t be possible for Jenny to get here on time “There’s really no point in leaving early” said Elena The concert was better than Tim expected Chris asked Steve what the time was So long as the examiner can read your handwriting, he will accept your answer The winner thanked his parents when he finished his speech It is a month since I applied for the job 10 They received many letters of support following their appearance on television 11 John would like to know more about astronomy 12 The police wouldn’t let us park in the High Street because of the parade 13 Susan wanted to know if I had seen that film on television on Saturday 14 “I’m afraid there is a hole in these jeans” Tania told the shop assistant 15 Dan never pays attention to my advice 16 Franked asked Sarah to lend him her bicycle 17 Peter might forget that we changed the time of the meeting 18 Every child has fun at this summer camp 19 During my holiday, a lot of interesting things happened to me 20 You should not have left without locking the door TEST “Is there any chance for Peter to change his mind?” Rob asked Apart from Paul, nobody has replied to the invitation Have you been used to his teaching style yet? Dinner will be served as soon as we arrived at the hotel I’ve never seen such a strange film before My aunt insisted on paying for our tickets The manager didn’t succeed in persuading Karen to take the job Would you mind not using that mobile phone in here? John made a good impression on his new boss by settling down to work quickly 10 Tony wishes that he had not lied his teacher/ Tom wishes that he had told the truth to his teacher 11 I had trouble following the instructions 12 I’m more frightened of ghost than I am of flying 13 This is the worst film that I have ever seen 14 Only after all bags have been checked can passengers board the plane 15 Cars are nowadays not as slow as they were fifty years ago 16 You can learn a language much more easily by visiting the country where it’s spoken 70 17 Stellar McCartney is by far doing the most interesting work of designers today 18 My parents did not let me go on holiday with my friend last year 19 You are not permitted to swim in “no swimming” area 20 You not need to wear heavy clothing in the summer months TEST The teacher warned Johnny against misbehaving or he would be sent to the head for punishment Nicholas apologized for having forgotten his homework I would rather you did not touch the exhibits I would have been late for my interview if you had not given me a lift You are requested not to drop litter in the park Sound does not travel as fast as light Our boss made us finish our homework before we went home It was the first time I had ever been to a theme park Sanjay’s parents did not allow her to buy an expensive car 10 Your ticket should be booked in advance if you want to get a good seat 11 We run out of milk 12 I could never have finished the job if there had not been your help 13 Sophia used to be ill when she was a child 14 Steve wanted to know how much my new sweater had cost 15 I wish you had told me earlier 16 The rain prevented the plane from taking off 17 She has lost touch with her childhood friends 18 You ought to have paid attention in class 19 My parents did not let me walk barefoot when I was a child 20 Her success must make her parents feel wonderful TEST John apologized for leaving so early I have never seen such a bad production of this play I haven’t made up my mind whether to move or not I would rather you did not go there now I may have forgotten to mention that the deadline is Tuesday It has been ten years since I heard this song Working in an office is not as nice as working outdoors I have not seen him since I lived in London They decided that a new school should be built immediately 10 The time I had was too short to visit the town properly 11 I don’t have enough money to buy a train ticket 12 The car runs out of petrol 13 There is no point in worrying about what has already happened 14 Mum asked Liam whether he had had something to eat 15 If you don’t know how to spell the word, you should look up in the dictionary 16 The candidates are being interviewed by the senior manager 17 We could go for a walk if it were not too cold today 18 He took a taxi to avoid walking in the rain 19 Colin does not have any difficulty remembering people’s names and phone numbers 20 Special instruments are used to measure pollution TEST It was Alexander Fleming who discovered penicillin I am not accustomed to driving on the left in England Matthew went to play football instead of doing his homework 71 Her mother won’t put up with rudeness Natalie didn’t pay enough attention to the spoken instructions Everyone’s opinion must take into account before the final decision is made My pen friend has not kept in touch with me for ages Kelvin should get a builder to repair those broken roof tiles Under no circumstance should you let anyone else use your identity card 10 James insisted on speaking to the head of department alone 11 You should not have shouted in front of the customers 12 If you need any help, don’t hesitate to call me 13 Layla spent half an hour finding her car key 14 John painted fabulous pictures of the rainforest in spite of never travelling outside Europe 15 I need to get my passport renewed because I’m going abroad this summer 16 If the party had not been so noisy, we would have stayed long at the party 17 There was a fall in number of people applying for university grant last year 18 I’d be very grateful if you could help me carry this box to the car 19 Although the children weren’t paying attention to what the teacher was saying, he didn’t get angry 20 Under no circumstance should your mobile phone be switched during the performance TEST Peter regretted not having a chance to visit Dublin In spite of being over sixty, he continued to smoke forty cigarettes a day Only when I stopped the car did I realize something was wrong I really appreciate your helping me with the suitcase Rather than waste her time at mathematics she took a course in general linguistic I wish that I had not had to sell my car Much as I like him, I don’t want to socialize with him No sooner had she entered the house than the telephone rang I’m really looking forward to seeing her again 10 If George had not overslept, he would not have missed the meeting 11 If it had not been for Brian’s advice, we would have gone climbing 12 The comedian was not nearly as funny as the audience expected 13 Pedro’s promotion came as no surprise to us 14 Feel free to visit us if you happen to come to France 15 No matter how hard I try, I couldn’t get him to change his mind 16 Rick has been no intention of seeing that film again 17 Now I regretted not telling you the truth 18 Smoking is not permitted here 19 Had it not been for her refusal to work overtime, Sue would have got promotion 20 Had Titanic been less boring, I would not have fallen after the first hour TEST Lots of things needed to be taken into consideration before we made our decision I was wondering if you would look after my dog while I’m away on holiday I should not have got angry in front of the children Don’t hesitate to call me if you need any further information This year, there has been slightly less snow than it did last year If the team’s performance does not get improved, they may be forced to resign from the league The burglars may have gained access/ entry to the building by forcing open the fire exit The chances are that Phil will get the job that he’s being interviewed for Tom’s grandfather is supposed to be an extremely skillful chess player 10 The teacher tried to attract our attention but none of us took any notice of her 11 Everyone’s opinion must be taken into consideration before a final decision is made 72 12 It never occurred to us that Pedro might be planning to leave the country 13 My pen friend has lost touch with me for ages 14 They had almost run out of petrol in the car by the time they reached the filling station 15 An experienced accountant has now taken charge of running the football club 16 No matter how fast we drive, we’ll never get to the airport on time 17 He gave as accurate an answer as he could to the judge 18 It was not until dawn that the students returned from the end-of-term party 19 The host at the party said that the longer you stayed, the more you enjoyed yourself 20 The train had left by the time we arrived at the station TEST The boy was on the point of crying when he was reprimanded by his teacher The chances are that all of us will be able to enter college Graham is devoted to working I was the last person to hear about the accident He does not take his wife for granted I can’t put up with this behavior for a minute longer He always plays by ears when he does anything Julian was last seen more than a fortnight ago I was allowed to go abroad alone for the first time last year 10 No sooner had the announcement been made than everyone started complaining 11 Never had she expected that she was so successful 12 It came as no surprise to me to hear that Freddy had changed his job 13 You should not have left the window open last night 14 In case of the emergency, ring this number 15 Paul’s poor health does not prevent him from enjoying life 16 Had it not been for my father’s money, we couldn’t have managed 17 Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike 18 He drove as fast as he could to catch the robber 19 The exhibition has not been well attended this year 20 Had it not been for the goalkeeper, we would have lost the match TEST 10 Under no circumstances should you have to stay calm Such was the spectators’ anger that the organizers had to cancel the match They couldn’t reach an agreement on where to go on holiday Much as I really appreciate his talent, I loathe his conceit He couldn’t possibly have taken the money by mistake Could I have the goods delivered to my home? You not need to carry all those parcels home yourself Only when he was half way through the exercise did he realize how difficult it would be He was thought to have broken the flower vase 10 The last thing you should is to call the police 11 I suggest that you should ask her yourself 12 He didn’t succeed in winning the race 13 John apologized (to Mary) for his rudeness to Mary the day before 14 The bank manager was forced to hand over the money 15 There is an eight-o’clock train leaving every morning 16 If Dan had not come down with the flu, he could have worked 17 I’m really looking forward to going to a match on my own 18 The Vikings are said to have discovered America before Columbus 19 It is about time you got some new glasses 20 Casey can’t have won the disco dancing competition – he’s got two left feet 73 PHẦN C (Trích từ đề thi học sinh Giỏi quốc gia, đề thi quốc tế FCE, CAE) Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given Do not change the word given You must use between three and six words, including the word given TEST 1 Fernanda said that she would not wear her sister’s old dress Mauro says that he would rather not his homework with other people Clara denied having seen the missing letter Layla spent five minutes looking/ searching for her car keys Today’s rehearsal will be followed by a short meeting of the cast It will be a pleasure to take you on/ for a sightseeing tour of my city when you come to visit me 74 Rouse painted pictures of the rainforest in spite of never having travelled outside Europe On in every five people is thought to be unable to keep their spending under control I need to get my passport renewed because I’m going abroad this summer 10 If there had not been so much noise, we might have stayed longer at the party 11 There was a fall in the number of people applying for university grants last year 12 Mr Conrad’s son is making a name for himself as an artist 13 This box is really heavy so I’d be (very) grateful if you could help me carry it to the car 14 “Excuse me madam, but does this bag belong to you?” the policeman asked 15 By the time we got to the sale, there was not a single book left 16 Rosa had great difficulty persuading her boss to give her a pay rise 17 The man claimed not to have been near the factory at the time of the break-in 18 On no account should this door be kept clocked 19 This jewelry is in such good condition that it is hard to believe that it is almost a thousand years old 20 As far as punctuality is concerned, Fiona really takes after her mother TEST Working as a primary school teacher calls for a great deal of patience these days It was only when/ after he read Julie’s letter that he understood exactly what was wrong Terry’s idea met with no support from the other members of the team The region has a lot (of thing) to offer in terms of natural resources The price of the book may prevent it from becoming OR prevent its becoming a bestseller Sally was on the point of leaving the office when her boss asked her to type up a report Mark used to work as a volunteer with an international charity organization The repair of the bridge has been/ is scheduled to take place this weekend If he keeps disagreeing with his boss, he’d in danger of being/ getting dismissed/ sacked/ fired from his job 10 Although the children weren’t paying attention to what he/ she was saying, the teacher didn’t get angry 11 Will Glyn’s lack of experience/ inexperience affect his ability to this job? 12 “Don’t forget to keep/ stay in touch” Marta said as she waved goodbye to her friend 13 This project will go ahead according to plan 14 He was given up any hope of finding a job before the end of this year 15 I’m not sure how I’d have reacted in that situation 16 Given the economic climate, I will be surprised if the company makes a profit this year 17 Lisa has no intention/ thought of giving up her independence to get married 18 It’s high time Simon made up his mind about his future 19 You have to put in your pay claims before the end of the month 20 Insect bites can be prevented in various ways TEST I can’t see the point of learning how to use a typewriter Under no circumstances should you have your mobile phone switched on during the performance Failure to pay on time will result in your booking being cancelled After the operation on his knee, Darius made a quick recovery and was able to rejoin the team Few of the children took notice of what the teacher had told them It was only seeing him onstage that made me realize how short the singer was How difficult it is to come up with new ideas for the festival every year The company is highly thought/ spoken of in the local area I think it’s only a matter of time before Jemma becomes a famous model 10 The exhibition will appeal to everyone because as many as twenty dinosaurs are on display 75 11 The panel of experts started the program with a discussion about OR by having a discussion about the media and its importance in education 12 Barbara’s parents were in no doubt that she would be a great tennis player 13 My grandfather didn’t have any recollection of phoning me last night 14 If Marc hadn’t take up politics, he might have made a name for himself as a famous art historian 15 The company’s employees shouldn’t count on being allocated a car-parking space 16 “I’m not willing to put up with (any) rudeness from my colleagues any longer” said Delia 17 We can afford this holiday as long as we avoid the expensive restaurants in the tourist center 18 Martin has almost no chance of winning the 100 metres, as he’s out of training 19 Nadia was just on the point of leaving the restaurant when her friend arrived 20 The terrible weather made it impossible for Paul to leave the house all day TEST As far as Susan is concerned the colors are much too bright Under no circumstances should students enter the exam late The heavy rain prevented Susan from getting to the date For the time being, the pupils are living in a hotel The service at the hotel did not come up to my expectation But for Ann’s beauty, John wouldn’t be marrying her It came as a surprise to me that Martin hadn’t married Jane Much as I like him, I don’t want to socialize with him If it had not been for the heavy rain, I would have gone to school 10 Her late arrival was due to bad weather conditions 11 Not for many years have I had such a bad cough 12 Thomas doesn’t ever take much notice of what his mother says 13 But for the sea temperatures being unusually high, they would never have survived If it hadn’t been for the unusually high sea temperatures, they would have been killed 14 He was offered the job but turned it down 15 I have no objection to Susan recording my lecture 16 I came down with flu as soon as I started the new job 17 TV reality shows not appeal to me in the least 18 Bowls is generally considered to be a sport for old people 19 They had offered him a gun so that he could protect himself 20 The further we travelled inland, the wilder the landscape became TEST I regret having made that phone call to my sister-in-law We cannot afford to buy a new flat He denies having met her before I would be very grateful if you would reply to this email as soon as possible Freda still hasn’t made up her mind whether to study medicine or law next year Kathy may have been held up by the tube strike James insisted on speaking to the head of department alone The scientists expressed their deep disappointment at the results of the experiment There were several things that we were obliged to take into consideration before we could accept her offer 10 I was wondering if you could lend/ give me a hand filling in this application form 11 I should not have shouted in front of the customers 12 The thieves may have broken into the building through a window at the back 13 This year the rate of unemployment has increased slightly less than it did in previous years 14 Over the last 10 years, the rainfall in London has been considerably higher than before 15 She needs to take into account how much the holiday is going to cost 16 It took ages for the speaker to get to the point what the lecture was about 76 17 One of the actors made a speech on behalf of the director at the awards ceremony 18 He dislikes being taken for granted by his friends 19 You should take a camera with you in case you happen to come across some interesting wildlife 20 Rene performed considerably better in today’s test than he did in last week’s TEST This recipe by far the most imaginative in this book The meeting has been called off until January to give the management team longer to decide The snake dish was actually nowhere near as bad as I had expected They will probably have been held up in a traffic jam He is now thought to have made up the story to protect his girlfriend Most of our senior managers seemed to be in favour of flex-time If their research had been more thorough, the scientists would probably not have come to the wrong conclusion I wish you wouldn’t keep changing the channel when we’re watching TV Appearance is what matters the most to many teenagers 10 If Dave had not overslept, he would not have missed the plane 11 It's a pity, but I'm sure Gerald can come up with a solution to our problems 12 There has been a sharp rise in the price of gold recently 13 Provided there is no change in the weather overnight, the match will go ahead as planned 14 I just can't get on with him no matter how hard I try 15 On no account should you leave the workplace without letting the team leader know 16 There has been a sharp rise in the cost of living lately 17 No matter how he tried, he could not come up with an idea for a really original birthday present 18 Her teacher warned her that she was in danger of falling behind with her assignments 19 I’m sorry I didn’t have any intention of interrupting the conversation 20 To the best of my knowledge, the car was stolen in the evening TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO Alice Oshima & Ann Hogue Writing Academic English 4th edition, OUP Amos Paren 2008 First Certificate GOLD Practice Exams Longman Ánh, Trương Văn 2014 Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh NXB Giáo Dục Việt Nam Annette Capel & Wendy Sharp 2012 Objective First 3rd edition CUP Bộ Giáo Dục & Đào Tạo 2015 Đề Thi Minh Họa Tốt Nghiệp THPTQG Môn Tiếng Anh Năm 2015 77 Bộ Giáo Dục & Đào Tạo 2015 Đề Thi Tốt Nghiệp THPTQG Môn Tiếng Anh Năm 2015 Bộ Giáo Dục & Đào Tạo Đề Thi Tuyển Sinh Đại Học Khối D A1 2010 - 2014 Bửu, Hà Văn 1996 Văn Phạm Anh Văn Miêu Tả Sentences NXB Tp Hồ Chí Minh ESOL Examination CAE Sample Papers.2008 CUP ESOL Examination Cambridge Certificate in Advanced English 2008 CUP ESOL Examination Cambridge First Certificate in English & 2008 CUP Huân, Đặng Thanh 2015 Phân Tích Hướng Dẫn Giải Đề Thi Đại Học Thi Tốt Nghiệp THPTQG NXB Thanh Niên L G Alexander Longman English Grammar 1992 NXB Longman Malcolm Mann, Steve Taylore-Knowles.2013 Destination B2 & C1 & C2 Grammar and Vocabulary NXB Macmillan Minh, Bạch Thanh 2000 Bài Tập Biến Đổi Câu NXB Thanh Niên Randolp Quirk, Sidney Greem Baum, Geoffrey Leech, Jan Svartvick.1985 Ngữ Pháp Tổng Hợp Tiếng Anh NXB Longman Sở GD & ĐT Tp HCM 200 - 2010 Tuyển Tập Đề Thi Olympic 30 - Tiếng Anh NXB Giáo Dục Virginia Evans 2009 FCE Practice Exam Paper Express Publishing 78 ... III CÂU (SENTENCES) Câu đơn (simple sentence): câu có chủ ngữ động từ chia Khơng có liên từ nối câu đơn S+V Các thành phần câu * Subject (S: chủ ngữ) : đứng đầu câu thành phần khơng thể thiếu câu. .. sooner.……………………………………………………………………………………………… DẠNG CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT Quy tắc đổi (trong dấu ngoặc kép có) - đổi đại từ ngơi (I/ We) ngơi (You) - lùi (TH → QK → QKHT) - đổi trạng từ (this → that/ yesterday → the previous day… 5a Câu phát... students and she works very hard Câu phức (complex sentences): câu gồm có mệnh đề (main clause) hay nhiều mệnh đề phụ (subordinate clauses) Hầu hết dạng biến đổi câu xảy mệnh đề phụ Ex: We stayed