Scope and Purpose
ICAO Doc 9303 outlines the essential specifications for Machine Readable Travel Documents (MRTDs), with updates provided in its Supplement Among these, Machine Readable Passports (MRPs) represent a specific category of MRTDs The recent release of Part 1 of the 6th edition of Doc 9303 introduces the contactless integrated circuit in MRPs, leading to the creation of e-Passports, which are equipped with this advanced technology.
This Test Specification outlines the instructions for evaluating prototypes of MRP systems that may include contactless integrated circuits Prototype evaluation serves to determine whether a specific document type can meet its intended usage requirements, and this process is commonly known as "Type Evaluation."
This document is a companion to ICAO Doc 9303 It specifies the minimum criteria that shall be achieved in order to meet ICAO’s expectations for durability of fully personalized MRP’s
The endorsement of this document by ICAO establishes additional passport requirements beyond those outlined in Doc 9303 Furthermore, the tests detailed within are designed to evaluate the aging behavior of the MRP and its components.
Future Considerations
For technologies or combinations of technologies applied in a Material Requirements Planning (MRP) that are not addressed by the existing test methods, it is advisable to establish new testing procedures These should be based on available standards from recognized organizations such as ISO/IEC or ANSI, developed in collaboration with the technology suppliers.
Currently, the correlation between stress and aging remains unstable, with ongoing research by SC17/WG1/TF2 While preliminary tests may enhance understanding, reliable correlations can only be established through continuous comparison of real-world document aging against predictions, which often rely on unproven assumptions, especially with new technologies This standard aims to facilitate the establishment of robust correlations by providing tools for conducting comparable tests among various stakeholders Achieving comparable results is essential for promoting field surveys in quality research, ultimately leading to the continuous improvement of this standard and the overall quality of MRP systems globally.
Other Uses for this Document
The tests defined in this document may also be appropriate for other forms of MRTD, however, they may require modification before use
Where applicable, tests may be used to evaluate characteristics of non-personalized MRP’s or materials used to make MRP’s
Type Evaluation is typically a one-time assessment in the document life cycle, yet the same testing procedures can enhance quality assurance during the regular production of Machine Readable Travel Documents (MRTDs) In manufacturer-customer relationships, it is standard to define expected quality levels and acceptance criteria for MRTD deliveries in the contract However, it is advisable to allow manufacturers the discretion to determine the quality measures necessary to meet these standards.
This specification offers users essential tools for assessing MRP systems, including Prototype Evaluation and Delivery Acceptance Future versions of the standard may incorporate Annex A, which will provide a comprehensive best practice survey on quality assurance principles and clarify the standard's anticipated role in this area.
Terminology
For ICAO, keywords are SHALL, which means mandatory, and SHOULD, which is optional but is considered best practices.
Abbreviations
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
MRTD Machine Readable Travel Document
PIC Proximity Integrated Circuit (note, Doc 9303 uses CIC (contactless integrated circuit) and PIC interchangeably)
Terms and Definitions
Constant Fixed values that can be given to parameters (within methods) when defining a sequence or test plan
Evaluation Method method to measure numerical values for specific document properties
Evaluation Result All numerical values related to document properties measured upon performing a Test Sequence
Method Instruction or set of instructions defining equipment and related tools and materials in an experimental setup, including general advice on their use in a specific test procedure
Page indicates any single side of an individual sheet of the MRP
Parameter refers to a variable quantity in a test procedure that is not included in the procedural instructions Specifically, it pertains to experimental parameters that must be controlled throughout the test sequence, even though their values and tolerances are not clearly defined in a particular stress or evaluation method.
A sheet is defined as any structure featuring a free edge and an opposing edge that is affixed to the spine, forming the MRP This includes components such as covers, data pages, visa pages, observation pages, and the chip sheet, with each sheet containing two pages.
Stress Method An experimental setup and procedure that may or may not deteriorate or destroy the document under examination
Test instruction A distinct piece of information required within the framework of test execution
Test plan A list of Test Sequences and their specific Test Parameters and expected Evaluation Results
Test procedure Set of instructions to be followed in order to obtain a test result
Test sequence Test procedure that comprises a number of different methods in a defined order of execution
Type approval is the process of testing a design, which involves documents produced using common materials, components, and manufacturing processes, along with consistent quality assurance methods, to verify compliance with specified standards.
Number of Samples
References are given to a single MRP However, multiple MRP samples may be tested simultaneously depending on the size and construction of the test apparatus.
Preparation
Test samples must consist of either finished Machine Readable Passports (MRPs) or be derived from completed MRPs that have undergone the full production process, including visual personalization with a representative dataset for the specific passport type The initialization and personalization of the chip can be performed in any manner, provided that the chip can support the required tests during the designated test sequence.
MRP’s shall be conditioned in accordance with 4.1
Test pieces shall, as necessary, be prepared from the test samples in the particular form required by the test apparatus used.
Sampling
Samples may be collected from the base material prior to MRP manufacture, provided it is proven that subsequent processing will not significantly alter the properties being tested It is essential that the samples used for creating test pieces are sourced from the same batch of MRP base materials.
Storage
Any test samples or test pieces retained for reference shall be stored under the environmental conditions specified in 4.1 Default Environment
All such samples shall be clearly cross-referenced to the test report and any relevant supplementary documentation
Default Environment
Unless otherwise specified, testing shall take place in an environment having a default temperature of 23 °C ± 3 °C (73 F ± 5 F) and relative humidity of 40% RH to 60% RH (ISO/IEC 10373-1).
Climatic conditions
Climatic conditions defined in the test methods given below are the conditions within the chamber The resulting temperature in the MRP is not specified or defined in the methods.
Tolerances
Unless stated otherwise, a tolerance of ± 5% is applicable to the quantity values defining the characteristics of test equipment, such as linear dimensions, as well as the procedures for test methods, including adjustments to the test equipment.
Default MRP holder
The holder rack for the MRP should be designed to maximize air space during testing, as illustrated in Figure 2 There are no restrictions on the size or quantity of the holder rack, allowing for any number of MRP positions to be utilized.
The following instructions and methods are intended to apply consistent stresses to the travel document, while Section 6 outlines the evaluation methods for measuring the effects of these stresses.
The core principle of stress testing methods is to replicate real-life conditions as closely as possible When the connection between actual scenarios and the stress testing is weak, efforts are focused on creating environments that lead to comparable rates of degradation.
Conditioning Stress Method
The MRP’s to be tested shall be conditioned to the test environment as described below
5.1.2 Input Parameters t = time of conditioning If t is not specified, assume 24 hours
• Remove MRP from any box and protective packaging
To ensure proper placement, position the MRP in the default holder with the spine facing upwards The MRP should not be forcibly opened, as it may open naturally Maintain a minimum spacing of 10 mm in all directions between the MRP and any adjacent MRPs.
• Expose MRP to a temperature of 23 °C ± 3 °C and relative humidity of 40%RH to 60%RH for at least time t.
Thermal Cycling Method
The stress testing method involves subjecting the MRP to alternating extreme temperatures, effectively simulating the thermal shock caused by the expansion and contraction of its components Each stress cycle is conducted over a brief duration, ensuring a thorough evaluation of the MRP's resilience to thermal fluctuations.
5.2.2 Input Parameters n = number of cycles
• Two climate controlled chambers Where applicable, a single fast-response climate controlled chamber may be used in place of a second test chamber
• Control of relative humidity in the climate chambers is not required for this test
• Place in a climate controlled chamber at temperature of 77 °C ± 3 °C for 15 minutes
To ensure optimal preservation, transfer the MRP from the default holder to a secondary climate-controlled chamber maintained at a temperature of –32 °C ± 3 °C within 60 seconds, with a recommended transfer time of 15 seconds It is crucial to keep the MRP's position in the holder unchanged throughout the transfer process.
• Subject the MRP to a temperature of –32 °C ± 3 °C for 15 minutes
• Repeat the process for n cycles as depicted in Figure 3
• At the end of the cycling process remove MRP and return to the default environment Leave MRP in holder and condition according to 4.1
High temperature n cycles allow samples to return to default environment
Storage Temperature Stress Method
This stress testing method involves exposing documents to specific high or low temperatures and humidity levels for designated periods This process simulates the various storage conditions that documents may encounter The primary aim of the test is to evaluate the resilience of MRP construction against these environmental factors.
According to Doc 9303, the Machine Readable Passport (MRP) must maintain its readability at operating temperatures between -10°C and +50°C (14°F to 122°F) Additionally, it should retain its reliability even after being stored or exposed to temperatures from -35°C to +80°C (-31°F to 176°F).
Extreme temperatures can impact security features, particularly inks, on documents However, any changes to these features will only be deemed a failure if they make the document unrecognizable to the bearer.
T = temperature at which the passport is stored
• Place MRP in climate controlled chamber at temperature T ± 3°C and H Relative Humidity for
Operational Temperature Stress Method
The stress method involves applying specific high or low temperatures and humidity levels to a document for designated durations, simulating its exposure to diverse climatic conditions This testing aims to evaluate the resistance of MRP construction to these environmental factors.
According to Doc 9303, the Machine Readable Passport (MRP) must maintain its readability at operating temperatures between -10°C and +50°C (14°F to 122°F) Additionally, the MRP should retain its reliability even after being stored or exposed to temperatures ranging from -35°C to +80°C (-31°F to 176°F).
Extreme temperatures can impact security features, particularly inks, on documents However, alterations to these features will not be deemed a failure unless they make the document unrecognizable to the bearer.
T = temperature at which the passport is expected to operate
• Place MRP in climate controlled chamber at temperature T ± 3°C for 1 hour
• Evaluate the MRP within the climate chamber.
Impact Stress Method
This stress method applies a certain forced impact to the sample to simulate stamping of the document at a border control point
S = sheet to be affected by impact Note, as only visa pages will be impacted, sheet S may not be impacted directly
The face of the stamp is a flat solid surface, steel or equivalent, with a diameter 29 mm
Concentric circles are engraved on the surface, featuring rectangular grooves with a minimum depth of 0.3 mm Each groove has a width of 1 mm, allowing for a slight variation of ± 0.1 mm, while the nominal spacing between the grooves measures 1.5 mm.
The nominal diameter of the central circular groove is 1 mm
The accumulated tolerances of groove distances is ± 0.5 mm ỉ 29 mm
Figure 4: Impact Pattern Resulting from Specified Stamp
• The stamp/weight may be constructed as one of: o Single-piece stamp of mass M o Stamp that is placed on document and then struck by a weight of mass M
• Flat surface made of steel at least 12 mm thick with a 2mm rubber blanket
• The rubber blanket shall have a Shore D value of 50
• Suitable guiding for stamp to maintain stamping face parallel to MRP surface at the point of impact
• Holder for retaining pages of the MRP against the flat surface during testing
The nominal height (H) in millimeters is the distance from which an impact stamp is dropped onto a document or a weight is released onto the stamp This height determines the impact velocity based on the formula for the acceleration of inert bodies under Earth's gravity.
M = weight (kg) of the impact stamp
The product P = HãM shall have a value of 0.02 kgãm
In a system where a stamp is struck by a separate weight, the weight, with a mass of M, is dropped from a height H onto the stamp The mass of the stamp itself is not taken into account in this scenario.
To find the nearest visa page that may require stamping, place it on top of the sheet marked 'test.' Be aware that depending on your location, there may be multiple sheets between the 'S' sheet and the closest visa page.
• Open MRP to 180 degrees and place on flat hard surface covered with a rubber coating so the outer cover is directly against the flat surface
To conduct the experiment, drop an impact stamp with mass M from a height H at each designated location, following the sequence illustrated in Figure 5 Progressively move from the first location to the last, advancing from left to right and from top to bottom.
When processing visa pages that may need stamping on the reverse side, it's essential to follow the same procedure as before, ensuring to utilize a different Machine Readable Passport (MRP) for this side.
1st stamping location dimensions in mm
• If the fragile area is obvious it is acceptable to exclude drops that do not impact this obvious area.
Book Bend Stress Method (Back Pocket)
This test evaluates the stresses experienced by a MRP (Material Reference Point) when subjected to bending around a curved surface By applying a force to the MRP, the test generates a combination of compression and bending stresses, providing insights into its structural integrity under such conditions.
5.6.2 Input Parameters n = number of cycles to apply force
• A test apparatus to load the MRP in a manner consistent with Figure 6 below
• An anvil with spherical impact area of radius r = 150 mm
• A cushion having elastic properties equivalent to an air cushion inflated to a pressure of 30 kPa, or to foam having density of 40-50 g/l and hardness of 20-30 kg/cm 2 as defined in ISO
The cushion must have a minimum thickness of 0.1 meters, and its surface dimensions in any direction must exceed 0.2 meters, ensuring it is larger than the anvil on which the sample is placed.
The test results are influenced by the cushion's ability to resist the force exerted by the sample under the anvil, provided that the activated anvil does not directly contact the cushion This ensures that the force remains aligned with the sample, allowing for accurate measurements even if the bending of the sample does not completely conform to the anvil's shape.
(b) its elasticity is sufficient to follow the anvil shape without irregular deformations, and (c) its resistance to the exerted pressure is not subject to local deviations or irregularities
Figure 6: Schematic of the test apparatus to load the MRP in the Back Pocket Bending Method
• Place and center the MRP with respect to the cushion and the spherical anvil
• Press the spherical anvil into the MRP and cushion support to a maximum force of 350 N Maintain the applied force of 350 N for 5 s
• Lift the spherical anvil so that it does not touch the MRP or cushion The net external force acting on the MRP shall be less than 0.2 N
• Repeat the loading and unloading process for a total of n times
• Turn the MRP over and repeat the loading and unloading process n times.
Dynamic Bend Stress Method
This test aims to assess the bending fatigue resistance of booklet construction under fully reversed loading, utilizing a method that circumvents direct pressure application, unlike the back pocket stress method By imposing bending, this technique accelerates fatigue, particularly affecting the antenna area and any associated connections.
5.7.2 Input Parameters n = Number of bending cycles with the MRP
O = orientation of book in the bender
• Dynamic flexion machine as illustrated below
Edge of MRP clamped in pivoting holder
Figure 7: Apparatus to impose cyclic motion
• The pushing rollers shall be set to ensure that the centreline deflection of the MRP is equal on each segment of the stroke
• The distance H2 between the clamped edge of the MRP and the pushing rollers on center is adjustable between 40 and 58 mm.
• Pushing rollers and fixed rollers are separated by 35 mm (H1) on center
• Pushing rollers have an outer diameter D1 of 23 mm and are separated by 55 mm (L1) on center
• Taking into account, the specified orientation, O, the MRP shall be clamped at one extremity and allowed to freely move at the opposite edge
• H2 should be adjusted depending on the orientation of the book
Adjust the pushing rollers to ensure they gently press the passport against the fixed rollers without causing any bending This adjustment distance is referred to as the initial position, denoted as b0.
Figure 8: Initial position of Pushing Rollers
• Allow the pushing rollers to move freely, however set the maximum travel of the pushing rollers to b0 + 20 mm
• Apply a force of 40 N in the direction of the bold arrow in Figure 9 for 1 minute
To determine the appropriate travel for testing, first measure the travel of the pushing rollers If the maximum travel is achieved with a force of less than 40 N, set the test travel to b = b0 + 20 mm If the force exceeds 40 N, measure the travel of the pushing rollers, denoted as b, as illustrated in the accompanying figure.
• Note, alternate equipment may be used for calibration
• Set the travel of the pushing rollers to ±b as measured above
• Flex the book n times at 0.5 Hz One cycle is a one deflection in each direction.
Torsion Stress Method
This test aims to identify any negative mechanical or functional impacts on the MRP caused by torsional fatigue Unlike the back pocket stress method, it specifically focuses on applying only torsional stresses to the MRP.
5.8.2 Input parameters n = Number of torsion cycles
• The test apparatus shall impose torsional motion in a manner consistent with Figure 10 shown below d = 127 mm
Figure 10: Schematic of the apparatus and the associated motion for torsion
• Adjust separation of guide rails to thickness of book plus a maximum of 1 mm
• Place MRP in test apparatus
• Set maximum travel of holders to 15 degrees
• Apply a torque of 0.3 N-m for 1 minute
• Measure amount of travel and reset maximum travel, R, of holder to amount measured
• Note, alternate equipment may be used for calibration
• Place MRP in test apparatus
A complete cycle involves a series of continuous movements, beginning with both holder A and holder B positioned at angle 0 The process starts by rotating holder A to angle +R while simultaneously moving holder B to angle –R Next, holder A is rotated to angle –R as holder B moves to angle +R Finally, both holders return to angle 0, completing the cycle without stopping at the 0 position except at the start and end of the test.
• Operate the test apparatus at a speed of 0.5 Hz for n cycles.
Sheet Turning Stress Method
The purpose of the test is to determine the folding resistance of a sheet of a machine readable passport (MRP) at the spine
P = Sheet under test n = Number of cycles
• Fixture for clamping the fixed sheet or MRP
• Arm for rotation of sheet or MRP
• Device to apply force to sheet or MRP being tested
• Note that no constraints are placed on machine design, including which clamp is fixed, which clamp moves, and which clamp force the force is applied to
• Note also that the apparatus should prevent bending of the booklet in any other place than the axis of the booklet spine
To conduct the test, the entire book, except for the sheet being examined, is folded back and secured in a clamp The sheet under test is positioned in a separate clamp, enabling it to rotate around the spine at specified angle positions.
• Bending Parameters o Bending frequency: f = 0.5 Hz o Bending angle: a = ± 90° o Tensile force: F= 1 N/cm ± 25% (force per length of sheet)
Sheet Pull Stress Method
The purpose of the test is to determine the tearing resistance of the booklet pages and the sewing part during the usage of a machine readable passport (MRP)
S = Maximum tearing strength in N/cm
• Clamp to hold MRP in a fixed position, minimum width of clamping area 130 mm
• Movable clamp for pulling on the page under test, minimum width of clamping area 130 mm
• Cut the opposite sheet of the one under test The cutting distance from the spine should be of
• Place all the other sheets including cover in the fixed clamp of the apparatus
• The fixed clamp shall be set at a distance from the spine so that it does not clamp any portion of the sheet under test
• Apply a force of 60 N at a maximum velocity of 5 mm/s fixed clamp movable clamp
Abrasion Stress Method
This test aims to assess the impact of mechanical abrasion on the Passport Data Page of an ICAO-compliant document, primarily focusing on the machine-readable zone (MRZ) Additionally, it may evaluate the Visual Inspection Zone (VIZ) and visa entries (stickers) within the passport To conduct this test, the data page, specifically the visa page, must be personalized.
The abrasive material to be used should be the material of the facing page
5.11.2 Input Parameters n = number of test cycles (double strokes)
5.11.4 Apparatus test load L = 14000 ± 5 % N/m2 length (or diameter) of test load D = 15 mm (width shall cover MRZ) test speed v = between 2.5 and 25 cm/s
To ensure proper testing, the abrasive material must be securely affixed to the test load without extending beyond the edge of the passport For enhanced adhesion, utilizing double-sided adhesive tape is recommended.
The test load movement is designed to ensure that the abrasion axis remains parallel to the MRP's MRZ, with a required amplitude of at least 20 mm During the testing process, the equipment is permitted to move or rotate the test load between cycles.
MRZ Axis of test load movement
Figure 13: Illustration of the Abrasion Test
Secure the passport data page onto a rigid plate, such as a sample carrier for the testing equipment Apply the designated test load and initiate the apparatus, maintaining the specified speed and amplitude throughout the required number of test cycles.
• Alternative equipment may be used as long as it provides equivalent results (e.g Taber method from ISO 9352 using CS10F wheel).
Pen Stress Method
The test aims to replicate the act of writing on a passport's PIC using a ballpoint pen, mimicking manual entries on visa pages However, there are concerns that the pen could potentially harm certain elements of the passport, such as the integrated circuit, inlay, or paper, depending on the passport's construction.
The designated page for writing should be one that is frequently used and capable of exerting maximum stress on the chip, if applicable If writing on both sides of the chip sheet is feasible, it is essential to assess separate MRP (Material Requirement Planning) evaluations for each side.
Note, this method may not be suitable when devices like rivets are used I.e the pen may become damaged or stuck if features protrude from the page under test
5.12.2 Input parameters n = number of cycles
• Pen with ball point of diameter 0.7 mm compliant with ISO 12757-2
The pen positioning apparatus enables movement in both the X and Y directions across the specified area, as illustrated in Figure 14 The pen is maintained at a 90-degree angle to the surface being tested, ensuring precise application and accuracy during operation.
Select a Page P for writing that is frequently used and exerts maximum stress on the chip If feasible, conduct tests on both sides of the chip page to evaluate performance comprehensively.
• Clamp MRP in suitable holding fixture so pages do not move during testing
• Apply a load to pen of 250 g downward toward pages under test
To achieve accurate results, apply a series of double line strokes, moving back and forth along the same straight line across the sample's dimension Ensure that each stroke is spaced nominally 1.5 mm apart, beginning from the starting point in the long direction of the sample.
1.5 typical first pen line-long direction dimensions in mm
5 maximum (4X) second pen line-long direction first pen line short direction second pen line short direction starting point for lines in short direction
Figure 14: Pen stress test area
• Move pen with a maximum speed of 150 mm/sec from left to right and back again on the same line as shown in Figure 14 for lines in the long direction
To transition to the next line, simply move the pen back to the starting point without lifting it, as illustrated.
• After completing the last line in the long direction, begin to make lines in the short direction
• Move pen with a maximum speed of 150 mm/sec from bottom to top and back again on the same line as shown in Figure 14 for lines in the short direction
When the pen reaches the starting point, simply move to the next line without lifting it.
• Replace pen as soon as ink is exhausted, lines shall not be made with no ink
The outer margin of 5 mm from the edge of the test page can be ignored, as this space can be utilized to secure the page, for instance, by clamping or taping it to the support.
• The surface coverage may be reached in a single run or by consecutive runs covering sub- areas of the page under test
• If critical areas are obvious, the pen test may be performed only over those areas.
Resistance to chemicals Evaluation Method
This test aims to assess the potential negative impacts of various chemical contaminants on an MRP test sample While the document may become unusable for travel following the test, it is anticipated that the book will still be identifiable as belonging to the holder.
MRPs are equipped with specific security features that respond to reagents, indicating potential tampering The reaction of these security features to the reagents should not be interpreted as a failure.
Short-term reagents defined in ISO/IEC 10373-1 include various aqueous solutions such as a 5% by mass sodium chloride solution (NaCl, minimum 98% assay), a 5% acetic acid solution (CH3COOH, minimum 99% assay), and a 5% sodium carbonate solution (Na2CO3, minimum 99% assay) Additionally, a 60% ethyl alcohol solution (CH3CH2OH, minimum 93% assay), a 10% sucrose solution (C12H22O11, minimum 98% assay), Fuel B as per ISO 1817, and a 50% ethylene glycol solution (HOCH2CH2OH, minimum 98% assay) are included in this list for informational purposes.
• Use solutions as defined in ISO/IEC 10373-1
• Use a different sample MRP for each solution
• Prior to immersion in the test solution, fan the pages of the MRP such that the sheets of the MRP are exposed
To properly prepare the MRP, position it upright with the spine vertical and immerse it in one of the specified solutions for 60 seconds Ensure that the solutions are maintained at a temperature between 20 °C and 25 °C for optimal results.
To ensure accurate testing, remove the MRP from the solution and place it in the default MRP holder for 24 hours under standard temperature and humidity conditions For samples exposed to organic solvents, including fuels, this process must be conducted within a fume hood Additionally, for the Long Term Contamination Test, prepare artificial perspiration solutions according to ISO 105-E04:1994, which includes both alkaline and acid solutions.
• Use neutral solution as defined in ISO/IEC 10373-1
• Use a different sample MRP for each test
• For the salt mist exposure, mount the sample MRP vertically in a cabinet in accordance with ISO 9227:1990 for 24 hours
• Remove MRP from solution and place in default MRP holder for 24 hours at default temperature and humidity conditions
• The filter paper shall be compliant with ASTM E 832 Any Type I filter paper for qualitative analysis may be selected
• Soak filter paper in the artificial perspiration solution Allow excess liquid to drain for 10 seconds then place it on a flat non-absorbent surface (glass plate) to stabilise for 1minute
To ensure accurate measurement of the sample MRP, wrap it in wetted filter paper and seal it in a plastic bag Maintain the environment at a temperature between 20 °C and 25 °C, and place the bag between flat plates with a weight of 5 kg on top.
• Leave the sample in this environment for 24 hours
• Remove MRP from solution and place in default MRP holder for 24 hours at default temperature and humidity conditions.
Artificial Daylight Exposure Stress Method
The test, based on ISO 105-B02, evaluates the fading resistance of materials by exposing samples to artificial light that simulates natural daylight, including the visible and near UV (UV A) spectrum.
Note: The blue wool reference numbers refer to those preferred in Europe (1-8) and not those preferred in the US (L2-L9)
Applying this method to standard security printing backgrounds can be challenging due to the intricate linework To ease the testing process, it is advisable to print samples using test patterns for each ink utilized in production.
S = blue wool scale to measure exposure
An air-cooled xenon arc lamp system featuring a well-ventilated exposure chamber is essential, utilizing a xenon arc lamp with a correlated color temperature ranging from 5500 K to 6500 K To ensure sample protection, a glass light filter must be positioned between the light source and the samples to eliminate all radiation with wavelengths shorter than 310 nm Additionally, a heat filter should be incorporated to minimize the infrared radiation present in the xenon arc spectrum.
• Cut a sample from the MRP to required size for the test machine and place an opaque cover over a portion of the sample (for comparison purposes)
• Prepare the appropriate blue wool reference in the same way Strips cut from the blue wool references 1 to S shall be used
To conduct the accelerated daylight test, position the samples alongside the blue wool reference set within the testing apparatus Expose them to artificial daylight in accordance with Method 2 (ISO 105 B-02) until the exposed section of the blue wool reference achieves a fade equivalent to gray scale 4.
X-Ray Stress Method
This test aims to assess the potential adverse effects of X-ray exposure on the MRP during border control screenings The MRP must meet the standards outlined in ISO/IEC 7816-1 when evaluated according to ISO/IEC 10373-1.
• Use apparatus defined by ISO/IEC 10373-3 for X-rays
• Follow the procedure in ISO/IEC 7816-1 for x-ray testing (Substitute MRP for card, wherever it appears in the procedure in ISO/IEC 7816-1)
Evaluation methods outline the procedures for measuring specific attributes of a passport, ensuring that wherever relevant, the results yield a numerical value This numerical output can then be compared against established pass/fail criteria to assess compliance and quality effectively.
Functional PIC Evaluation Method
This method assesses the functionality of the Proximity Integrated Circuit (PIC), ensuring the chip remains operational and within standard conditions It is important to note that there is a tradeoff between the execution time of this evaluation and the thoroughness of the testing process.
If the MRP does not contain a chip, this evaluation method returns a Pass result
• Evaluate the PIC as per reference [9], RF Protocol and Application Test Standard for e-
Passport – Part 2, WG3TF4_N0163, Version 0.9, 2006-02-10, section C.2.
Physical Damage Evaluation Method
The intent of this method is to verify that the passport is (still) suitable for use as a travel document
To successfully pass the evaluation method, the document must remain intact and machine-readable While some security features may be compromised or modified, their assessment can be subjective and varies by individual passport, thus falling outside the parameters of this evaluation method.
To effectively assess physical damage and its acceptability, it is essential to compare the tested samples against a benchmark of evaluation samples deemed at the threshold of acceptability While the authors aim to provide definitive guidelines, specific limits should be established for a Minimum Requisite Performance (MRP) to ensure usability Future iterations of this document are expected to include a more comprehensive set of requirements.
• The picture shall be reconizeable
• Written information shall be legible, with no missing letters or words
• The MRZ shall be machine readable
• The MRP shall be Intact – no pages shall be separated
• Opening the MRP to the datapage (180 degrees) shall not incur any further damage
• opening the MRP to a visa page (180 degrees) shall not incur any further damage
• The PIC containing part (Cover, Data Page, Special visa page) does not allow direct access to the chip or the antenna
• No part of the datapage shall be missing
• For datapages, more than 90% of the binding shall be intact
• For other pages, more than 50% of the binding shall be intact
• At least 50% of the hot-stamp on the cover shall be intact
• Any holes in any sheets shall be less than 2mm in diameter
• Areas of delamination along the edges shall be less than 3 mm deep, and 3 mm in length Delaminations within the sheet shall be less than 3 mm in length.
Peel Strength Evaluation Method
The purpose of this test is to measure the peel strength between different layers used in passport constructions according to ISO/IEC 10373-1/5.3
When evaluating the peel strength of a multi-layered sheet, it is essential to assess each layer individually To ensure consistency, a separate document must be utilized for each layer, allowing for the same number of strips to be cut from the sheet for accurate testing.
P = sheet to perform test on
• Use apparatus defined in ISO/IEC 10373-1 Peel test method References to “card” shall mean “sheet” for this test If a stabilizing plate is required, a suitable size would be 95 mm x
• Remove the sheet to be tested from the MRP
• Follow the method for peel strength measurements as outlined in ISO/IEC 10373-1, Peel test method, except for preconditioning and the direction and quantity of sample sections
To prepare the sample, cut or score through the layer as illustrated in Figure 15, ensuring that the sections measure 10.0 mm ± 0.2 mm in width The top reference edge should be aligned with the edge nearest to the spine of the test section for accurate dimensions of test specimen 1 in millimeters.
• Figure 15: Peel test sample preparation
Colour Fastness Evaluation Method
This evaluation method assesses the changes in the appearance of a sample after it has been exposed to artificial daylight It is based on the 5.14 Artificial Daylight Exposure Stress Method.
• Colour fastness evaluation derived from ISO 105-B02
• The evaluation procedure is as follows:
• Visually evaluate fading or colour changes For this purpose samples shall be illuminated by a D65 light source
• Compare the contrast between exposed and unexposed sample with the contrast of gray scale 4
• If the sample contrast is higher then the test result is Fail If the sample contrast is less or equal then the test result is Pass.
Datapage Warpage Evaluation Method
This test aims to assess the level of warpage in the MRP, which is crucial for ensuring the readability of contactless IC and MRZ chips.
• A level rigid surface whose roughness is not greater than 3.2 àm in accordance with ISO
• A flattening plate weighing 200 g measuring 88 mm x 125 mm
• A height gauge or similar measuring device with a minimum accuracy of 0.1 mm
To prepare the MRP for use, position only the datapage and cover on a flat, rigid surface, ensuring that the nearest visa page is placed 3 mm from the edge of the surface, as illustrated in the accompanying figure.
• Apply and centre the 200 g flattening plate directly on top of the pages Align long edge of flattening plate with edge of rigid surface
• Using a height gauge, measure the maximum combined thickness of the combined pages Record this value as D1
• Measure the maximum total combined thickness of the pages that were measured for warpage in Figure 16 Record this value as D2
• The result R is Pass if D1 – D2 is less than or equal to 3 mm
A level rigid surface Flattener plate
Book Warpage Evaluation Method
This test aims to assess the degree of warpage in the MRP, which is crucial for maintaining contactless IC chip readability Utilizing a method akin to the Datapage Warpage Evaluation Method, it specifically evaluates the warpage of the MRP while in the closed position.
• A level rigid surface whose roughness is not greater than 3.2 àm in accordance with ISO
• A flattening plate weighing 200 g measuring 88 mm x 125 mm
• A height gauge or similar measuring device with a minimum accuracy of 0.1 mm
• Measure the maximum thickness of the MRP Record this value as D1
• Place the closed MRP on a level rigid plate
• Center the 200 g flattening plate directly on top of the MRP
• Using a height gauge, measure the maximum height of the MRP Record this value as D2
• The result R is Pass if D2 – D1 is less than or equal to 10 mm
Figure 17: Book Warpage Measuring Arrangement
General
Sequences are defined to specify the order in which stress methods and evaluation methods are to be performed in order to execute a specific test.
Instructions for using the Sequence Table
The headings of a sequence table is reproduced below:
This table defines the order of the methods to be performed The content of each column is defined below
The step number indicates the sequence of methods to be executed, but it is the order of the methods in the sequence table that dictates their execution order, rather than the step number itself.
S/E Indicates whether the method is a Stress method or an Evaluation method
Method The name of the method to be performed
Parameters Defines the values of the input parameters Method parameters not assigned at the sequence level shall be assigned at the test plan level
Output Parameters List of the output parameters of the method that will be used to determine the pass/fail criteria for the test
Pass/Fail Criteria Specifies the limits of the output parameter that will be considered a
Pass for the test sequence.
Sheet Binding Sequence
This test sequence aims to replicate the typical handling of a book throughout its lifespan, accounting for real-life stresses such as opening and closing the book, as well as interacting with data and visa pages.
7.3.2 Input Parameters n = Number of sheet bend cycles
3 E 5.10 Sheet Pull Stress Method P S S > 5 N/cm
Storage Climate Sequence
The purpose of this tests sequence is to subject the MRP to various climate stresses at which it is expected to be stored
T = Temperature at which the passport is can be stored
Operational Climate Sequence
The purpose of this tests sequence is to subject the MRP to various climate stresses at which it is expected to operate
Impact Sequence
The purpose of this tests sequence is to subject the document to simulated border inspection stamping
2 S 5.5 Impact Stress Method S = chip sheet - -
Back Pocket Sequence
This test sequence aims to simulate back-pocket stresses on the document, acknowledging that the number of cycles is minimal since sitting on a passport is typically an accidental occurrence.
Torsion Fatigue Sequence
The purpose of this tests sequence is to subject the document to torsional forces
7.8.2 Input Parameters n = number of twisting cycles
Delamination Sequence
The purpose of this tests sequence is to evaluate the inner layer bonds within a passport
Note: limits are set to ensure book mechanical quality They are not intended to satisfy any security concerns (put in the introduction)
Bending Fatigue Sequence
The purpose of this tests sequence is to evaluate the susceptibility to fatigue of the passport
7.10.2 Input Parameters n = number of bending cycles
2 S 5.7 Dynamic Bend Stress Method O = spine n
3 S 5.7 Dynamic Bend Stress Method O = top n
Thermal Cycling Sequence
The purpose of this tests sequence is to evaluate the susceptibility to fatigue due to thermal stresses
Colour Fastness Sequence
The purpose of this tests sequence is to evaluate the susceptibility of the document to sunlight
Resistance to Chemicals Sequence
This sequence subjects passports to a range of chemicals that are commonly found in day-to-day situations
For editorial convenience, a uniform sequence will be applied to all samples, encompassing various solutions, which necessitates the evaluation of at least 10 passport samples.
Pen Sequence
This test sequence aims to simulate writing on a passport, specifically focusing on the pen test, which could potentially damage the visa page Consequently, the evaluation is limited to the chip.
P = writeable page nearest chip (both sides if possible)
The purpose of this tests sequence is to determine the wear characteristics of the MRZ
7.15.2 Input Parameters n = number of abrasion cycles
The purpose of this tests sequence is to simulate putting a passport through an airport security X- Ray inspection station
The test plan serves as the highest level of the test specification, outlining values for any unspecified sequence parameters and determining the quantity of books that must undergo each sequence.
Test plans vary based on the specific objectives and items being evaluated The standard test plan adheres to the "minimum durability required by ICAO." However, alternative test plans can be established to meet different criteria, such as a 10-year normal use standard or a 5-year heavy use standard.
Each Lot is composed of new books Books from one lot shall not be used in the test sequence of another lot
Lot sizes determine the minimum number of books required for testing While smaller lot sizes may yield poor statistical outcomes, excessively large lot sizes can lead to increased production and testing costs The minimum lot sizes provided are just guidelines, and customers and testers are encouraged to negotiate larger sizes as needed.
This document serves as a guide for prototype testing (Type Approvals) and is not meant to assess whether individual documents comply with specific standards.
Book manufacturers aim for high-quality standards, but testers should be aware that defective samples can occur If a sample fails during testing, the tester must assess the cause of the failure and, in collaboration with the manufacturer, determine if another sample should be selected for further evaluation.