Specialized english for tour guides

BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC MỞ HÀ NỘI (Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành hướng dẫn du lịch 1) Phạm Diệu Ly Hà Nội, 12/ 2021 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC MỞ HÀ NỘI SPECIALIZED ENGLISH FOR TOUR GUIDES (Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành hướng dẫn du lịch 1) Chủ biên Phạm Diệu Ly Tác giả Phan Thị Phương Mai Nguyễn Thị Thảo Hồng Thị Thanh Ngơ Thanh Hoa Hà Nội, 12/ 2021 1 ThS Phạm Diệu Ly: thiết kế khung nội dung, đồng giáo trình & biên soạn Bài 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Audio scripts ThS Phan Thị Phương Mai: tư vấn kiến thức chuyên ngành tồn giáo trình biên soạn phần Appendix ThS Nguyễn Thị Thảo: biên soạn giáo trình rà sốt kiến thức ngơn ngữ tồn giáo trình ThS Hồng Thị Thanh : biên soạn tình chun ngành tồn giáo trình ThS Ngơ Thanh Hoa: tư vấn thiết kế nội dung đọc toàn giáo trình Specialized English for tour guides (Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành hướng dẫn du lịch 1) Trường Đại học Mở Hà Nội tổ chức biên soạn theo chương trình đào tạo bậc đại học Khoa Du lịch dành cho sinh viên năm thứ ba thuộc ngành quản trị dịch vụ du lịch lữ hành Giáo trình biên soạn để phục vụ môn học nghiệp vụ hướng dẫn du lịch điểm (Sustainable Tourism Training) có hai Cuốn tập trung vào chủ đề chương trình du lịch Hà Nội tập trung vào chủ đề tơn giáo Giáo trình thiết kế theo hướng giao tiếp chuyên ngành giúp người học sử dụng kiến thức chuyên ngành cấu trúc diễn đạt để phát triển lực giao tiếp tình điển hình liên quan đến công việc hướng dẫn viên thông qua bốn kỹ nghe, nói, đọc, viết, ưu tiên hai kỹ nghe nói Kỹ phát âm ngữ pháp khơng trọng giáo trình có tính kế thừa kỹ năng, kiến thức thiết lập từ trước Phần phụ lục cung cấp từ vựng, kiến thức theo chủ để Trong giáo trình, việc học trung tâm, người học chủ thể trình dạy học Giáo trình biên soạn xoay quanh bảy học chủ đề chương trình du lịch Hà Nội: tổng quan Hà Nội, bảo tàng, kiến trúc, ẩm thực, hoạt động giải trí, phố cổ làng nghề truyền thống Ngồi giáo trình tập trung vào quy trình ngơn ngữ hướng dẫn tour hồn chỉnh gồm: giới thiệu tour, xây dựng thuyết minh, trả lời câu hỏi, xử lý tình huống, quản lý đồn, kết thúc tour Mỗi học chia thành sáu phần thiết kế đồng xen lẫn lý thuyết thực hành, người học dần tích lũy kiến thức - kỹ ngôn ngữ chuyên ngành cần thiết để đạt mục tiêu đề học Giáo trình biên soạn sở kinh nghiệm thực tiễn việc giảng dạy Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành quản trị lữ hành hướng dẫn du lịch đào tạo thực hành nghiệp vụ hướng dẫn du lịch giảng viên nhóm tác giả với hợp tác chặt chẽ chuyên môn chuyên gia ngành Các tác giả mong nhận ý kiến đóng góp giảng viên, sinh viên chuyên gia ngành để sách hoàn thiện Các tác giả Unit Page – Overview of Hanoi – Museums in Hanoi 15 – Architecture in Hanoi 26 – Foods in Hanoi 36 – Entertainment in Hanoi 47 – Handicraft villages 60 – The Old Quarter 70 References 80 Glossary 81 Audio scripts 92 Appendix 103 Unit Overview of Hanoi Objectives: o Acquire general knowledge of history, geography and tourism in Hanoi o Understand and use vocabulary and structures related to the overview of Hanoi o Introduce a tour to tourists o Write ground rules of specific destinations Getting Started Look at the following pictures and identify places in Hanoi Ngoc Son Temple Hoan Kiem Lake The Temple of Literature Quan Chuong Gate Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum Thang Long Imperial Citadel Have you ever visited any of the above places?  If yes, tell your partner about your experience  If no, search for the information about one destination you are interested in and share the interesting information with your partner Vocabulary – Features of a destination When visitors come to Hanoi, what features are they most interested in? Put the features in the order of interest ……… History ……… Climate ……… Traditional cuisine ……… Tourist attractions ……… Geography ………… Handicraft villages ………… Culture ………… Night markets Fill in the mind map with the correct type of features Features …………… - historical sites - eventful - imperial city - ancient capital ………… - must-see attractions -off-the-beaten-track destinations - touristy places ………… -well-preserved buildings - unique museums - ancient pagodas - vibrant nightlife The words in bold are in the wrong place Put them in the right places Hanoi, located on the banks of the Red River, is one of the most eventful ancient capitals in the world, where travelers can find ancient colonial buildings, imperial pagodas, and unique museums within the city center A great place to explore on foot, this imperial city is also known for its delectable cuisine, multi-cultural nightlife, skills and handicrafts, as well as a vibrant community that’s made up of Chinese, French and Russian influences! Reading – An overview of Hanoi What you know about Hanoi (location, population, history, weather pattern )? What you think about Hanoi? (traditional, nostalgic, ancient, …)? Reading a Read this passage to have an overview of Hanoi and insert the words in the box into the blanks resistance architectural washed vital source encompassed flowing through Selected characteristically eventful sacred practiced embracing situated casting rebaptised hinterland An Overview of Hanoi Geography Hanoi is located in the Red River Delta, in the center of North Vietnam It is ………………… (1) by Thai Nguyen and Vinh Phuc Province to the north, Ha Nam and Hoa Binh to the south, Bac Giang, Bac Ninh and Hung Yen provinces to the east and south-east, Hoa Binh and Phu Tho to the west Hanoi means “the …………………… (2) between the rivers” (Ha: river, Noi: interior) Hanoi’s territory is …………………… (3) by the Red River (the portion of the Red River …………………… (4) Hanoi is approximately 40km long) and its tributaries, but there are some other rivers …………………… (5) the capital, including Duong, Cau, Ca Lo, Day, Nhue, Tich, To Lich and Kim Nguu Hanoi is ……………………… (6) in a tropical monsoon zone with two main seasons During the dry season, which lasts from October to April, it is cold and there is very little rainfall, except from January to March, when the weather is still cold but there is some light rain The wet season, from May to September, is hot with heavy rains and storms The average annual temperature is 23.2ºC (73.7ºF) and the average annual rainfall is 1,800mm The average temperature in winter is 17.2ºC (62.9ºF), but can go down to 8ºC (46.4ºF) The average temperature in summer is 29.2ºC (84.6ºF, but can reach up to 39ºC (102.2ºF) Tourism History Hanoi is a ………………………… (7) land of Vietnam In the 3rd century BC, Co Loa (actually belonging to Dong Anh District) was chosen as the capital of the Au Lac Nation of Thuc An Duong Vuong (the King Thuc) Hanoi later became the core of the ……………………… (8) movements against the Northern invasions Located in the middle of the Red River Delta, the town has gradually expanded to become a very populations and rich residential center At different periods, Hanoi had been ………………………… (9) as the chief city of Vietnam under the Northern domination In the autumn of Canh Tuat lunar years (1010), Ly Thai To, the founder of the Ly Dynasty, decided to transfer the capital from Hoa Lu to Dai La, and so he ……………………… (10) it Thang Long (Soaring Dragon) The year 1010 then became a historical date for Hanoi and for the whole country in general For about a thousand years, the capital was called Thang Long, then changing to Dong Do, Dong Kinh, and finally to Hanoi, in 1831 This sacred piece of land thereafter continued to be the theatre of many fateful events Throughout the thousand years of its ……………… (11) history, marked by destruction, wars and natural calamities, Hanoi still preserves many ancient …………………… (12) works including the Old Quarter and over 600 pagodas and temples Famous sites include the One Pillar Pagoda (built in 1042), the Temple of Literature (built in 1070), Hanoi Citadel, Hanoi Opera House, President Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum etc Hanoi also …………………… (13) contains 18 beautiful lakes such as Hoan Kiem Lake, West Lake, and Truc Bach Lake etc., which are the lungs of the city, with their surrounding gardens and trees providing …………… (14) of energy Many traditional handicrafts are also ………………………… (15) in Hanoi including bronze molding, silver carving, lacquer, and embroidery Hanoi has many famous traditional professional handicraft villages such as Bat Trang pottery village, Ngu Xa bronze …………………… (16) village, Yen Thai glossy silk etc Identify parts of speech of the following words in the reading passage and guess their meanings in context encompassed (1) hinterland (1) tributaries (1) sacred (3) rebaptized (4) fateful (4) calamities (5) vital (6) Create the mind map or diagram to summarize the information about geography, history and tourism of Hanoi Example o Thai Nguyen Vinh Phuc Hoa Binh Bac Ninh Phu Tho Hung Yen Ha Nam Hoa Binh 23,2 Geograph y Climate 1,800 mm Location Tropical monsoon Red river Other rivers Oct-Apr: cold Jan-Mar: light rain May-Sep: heavy rain & storm Listening – Introducing a tour Work in groups, discuss these questions:     Do you know what a city tour is? What is an itinerary? Is the role of the tour guide important in a city tour? What is a commentary? How many steps are there in a commentary? What is the language of a commentary? Similar to a presentation, a tour commentary starts with an introduction However, the tour introduction differs in some ways Find out what should be included in a tour introduction easy to drink, because of its scent, its taste (sweet) its alcohol content is only about 20, this is why in meeting with many people, old people, young people, girls and boys alike can sit around the alcohol “can” jar They don’t use cups, glasses, or bowls to drink alcohol but use stems made of small bamboo bent supplely to suck out alcohol from the jar to the mouth A bent stem is called a “can” So this alcohol bears the name “can”alcohol, the right hand takes the stem, the left hand is placed on the knee, the eyes are fixing the alcohol jar The oldest person, or the most honored guest is invited to drink first When the organizer of the drinking party brings the stem to the guest, all people around the jar unanimously shout aloud (the hallooing shouting to one another when roving in the forest), meaning unanimous consent for the invitation to the guest Adapted from Vietnam Guidebook 108 APPENDIX IV CHUONG CONICAL HAT VILLAGE Located in ThanhOai District, Ha Tay Province, Chuong Conical Hat Village is wellknown for its special product “non” by many foreign and domestic visitors This small village is crowded with people who not only come here to place orders but also witness the process of making “non” The main material for making “non” is palm leaf Chuong villagers have to choose the white shoots from PhuTho Province or “noi” leaf from Ha Tinh Province Bamboo hammocks and conical hats must be imported from other provinces Not only old people but also children in this village know how to make conical hats They take advantage of leisure after harvest time to make “non” This occupation helps villagers increase their incomes, improve their living standards and contribute to bettering their home vill-age “Non quaithao”(a kind of conical hat with fringe hanging at both sides) has a unique beauty with pink fringes, yellow and red silk tassels, which is suitable for girls in Spring festivals, village festivities, “cheo” and “quan ho” folk music festivals Many Chuong villagers are good at making “non quaithao”, which is a special cultural feature of the Nothern delta in Vietnam The conical makers must be meticulous, skillful and have experience as the process is complicated, including choosing, arranging palm leaves, then stiching them on the conical ring, and sewing colorful thread It sometimes takes the artisan a whole day to complete a nice “quaithao” conical hat Not only is “quaithao” conical hat ordered by artistic troupes but it is also foreign tourists’ favourite souvenir Many visitors from Germany, France, England can’t help buying this unique souvenir when they arrive at Chuong Village./ VietnamPlus/HanoiTimes 109 APPENDIX V: HISTORY OF THE OLD QUARTER The History of Hanoi's Old Quarter by Barbara Cohen The history of Hanoi's Old Quarter spans 2000 years It lies between the Returned Sword Lake to the South and the Long Bien Bridge to the North The former city rampart, now called Tran Nhat Duat Street, marks its East border and the citadel wall on Ly Nam De Street its West Present-day Hanoi ('Inside the Riverbend') was once a turtle and alligator-infested swamp, then a cluster of villages made up of houses on stilts The villages were unified by Chinese administrators who built ramparts around their headquarters and called the area "Dominated Annam." In the late tenth century the Vietnamese attained independence from the Chinese King Ly Thai To made the city his capital in 1010 and gave it the name Thang Long ('Soaring Dragon'.) According to legend, the King began rebuilding the former Chinese palace, but the walls tumbled down While he prayed to the local earth god, a white horse emerged from the temple and galloped West The King decided to build his citadel walls along the traces of its hoof prints and declared the white horse the city's guardian The White Horse (Bach Ma) Pagoda on Hang Buom Street still pays homage to that guardian In early the thirteenth century guilds evolved from the collection of tiny workshop villages which clustered around the walled palace to satisfy the court's demand for the highest quality products Artisan guilds worked and lived together developing systems for the transport merchandise from the village of manufacture to the designated streets in the business quarter which sells it The Commercial city was ideally located between the Palace and the transportation capabilities of the river A market was at the onetime confluence of the To Lich and Red Rivers (the ancient market Dong Xuan, still stands and remains an active market today.) Skilled crafts people migrated there to fill that need A majority of the street names here start with Hang, which means merchandise or shop The guild streets were named for their product or location For example, skilled silversmiths from Hai Hung province now occupy Hang Bac Street one of the most ancient streets in all Vietnam Each guild had its own patron saint to which many local temples are dedicated Hang Bong Street has five such temples Because inhabitants of each street came from the same village and performed the same craft, streets developed a homogeneous look Commoners' homes, evolved out of market stalls before streets ever came into existence Because shops were taxed by the width of frontage on the market, storage and living space moved to the rear They developed into the long and narrow houses, called tube houses 110 Although the area is often called the 36 old streets, there may have actually been more Some believe that the number 36 came from the Fifteenth century when there might have been 36 guilds Others attribute the name "36" to a more abstract concept The number in Asia represents "plenty." Nine times (the four directions) would make 36 which means simply: many By the seventeenth century the city was protected by 16 gates which were locked at night by heavy wooden doors The Quan Chuong gate built in 1744 still stands at the end of Hang Chieu street At the end of the eighteenth century, the Nguyen Dynasty set up its capital in Hue Thang Long, renamed Hanoi, lost its political power but retained its economic vitality The citadel of Hanoi was reconstructed and remains the western boundary of the Old Quarter By the late nineteenth century, Hanoi once again became a political center, now of the French Indochinese Union South of the Lake, native buildings were razed to make way for the cream-colored colonial offices and villas whose shutters and doors were invariably green, Rivers and ponds were filled as health measures against mosquitoes and to increase available land North of the lake the maze of narrow alleys continued to grow haphazardly After the French withdrawal in 1954, Hanoi became the capital of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and socialist austerity prevailed During the American War resources were devoted to fighting and the Old Quarter hardly changed In 1972 when the city was bombed, buildings were destroyed in the Kim Lien district but the commercial quarter remained intact The Old Quarter is precious legacy of Hanoi's ancient past, but the area is challenged by rapid changes Today handicraft production is being increasingly replaced by restaurants, repair shops, and tailors Craft workers constitute only 9% of the population Traders make up 40% As the population increases, historically important buildings have become living spaces, schools or shops At the same time, since the policy of economic openness policy of 1987 a dramatic building boom has begun, threatening the charm of the district Multi-story buildings are going up which use out-of-place finishing techniques and designs Local, national, and international agencies are formulating plans to preserve the historic ambiance of the Old Quarter Hanoi's Old Quarter: the 36 streets by Barbara Cohen As the oldest continuously developed area of Vietnam, Hanoi’s Old Quarter has a history that spans 2,000 years and represents the eternal soul of the city Located between the Lake of the Restored Sword, the Long Bien Bridge, a former city rampart, and a citadel wall, the Old Quarter started as a snake and alligator-infested swamp It later evolved into a cluster of villages made up of houses on stilts, and was unified by 111 Chinese administrators who built ramparts around their headquarters The area was named "Dominated Annam" or "Protected South" by the Chinese The Old Quarter began to acquire its reputation as a crafts area when the Vietnamese attained independence in the 11th century and King Ly Thai To built his palace there In the early 13th century, the collection of tiny workshop villages which clustered around the palace walls evolved into craft cooperatives, or guilds Skilled craftsmen migrated to the Quarter, and artisan guilds were formed by craftsmen originating from the same village and performing similar services Members of the guilds worked and lived together, creating a cooperative system for transporting merchandise to the designated streets in the business quarter Because inhabitants of each street came from the same village, streets developed a homogeneous look Commoners’ homes evolved out of market stalls, before streets were formed Because storekeepers were taxed according to the width of their storefront, storage and living space moved to the rear of the buildings Consequently, the long and narrow buildings were called "tube houses." Typical measurements for such houses are meters wide by 60 meters long The Old Quarter has a rich religious heritage When the craftsmen moved from outlying villages into the capital, they brought with them their religious practices They transferred their temples, pagodas and communal houses to their new location Each guild has one or two religious structures and honors its own patron saint or founder Therefore, on each street in the Old Quarter there is at least one temple Now, many of the old temples in the Old Quarter have been transformed into shops and living quarters, but some of the old buildings’ religious roots can still be recognized by the architecture of their roofs Although the old section of Hanoi is often called the "36 Old Streets," there are more than 36 actual streets Some researchers believe that the number 36 came from the 15th century when there might have been 36 guild locations, which were workshop areas, not streets When streets were later developed, the guild names were applied to the streets Others attribute the 36 to a more abstract concept The number nine in Asia represents the concept of "plenty." Nine times the four directions makes 36, which simply means "many." There are now more than 70 streets in the area Some streets have achieved fame by their inclusion in popular guidebooks Han Gai Street offers silk clothing ready-made and tailored, embroidery, and silver products Hang Quat, the street that formerly sold silk and feather fans, now stuns the visitor by its brilliantly colored funeral and festival flags and religious objects and clothing To Thinh Street connects the above two and is still the wood turner’s street Hang Ma glimmers with shiny paper products, such as gift wrappings, wedding decorations and miniature paper objects to burn for the dead Lan Ong Street is a sensual delight of textures and smells emanating from the sacks of herbal medicinal products: leaves, roots, barks, and powders 112 Let us turn now to nine of the lesser known streets in the Old Quarter that possess a unique character worth exploring Hang Bac Street A majority of the street names in the Old Quarter start with the word hang Hang means merchandise or shop The guild streets were named for their product, service or location Hang Bac, one of the oldest streets in Vietnam, dates from at least the 13th century Bac means silver, and appropriately, this street started as a silver ingot factory under the reign of Le Thanh Tong (1469-1497) Village people, called the "Trau Khe silver casters," were brought into the capital to cast silver bars and coins After a ceremony to transfer their craft from their village of Trau Khe to Hanoi, they set up two temples to honor the founders of their craft At one communal house, the silver was molten and poured into molds At the other communal house, the molds were further processed for delivery to the Prime Minister The crafters went to great lengths to keep their methods secret to avoid counterfeit products At the turn of the 18th century, the street took on more varied functions In addition to the casting of silver ingots, the street attracted more jewelry makers and money exchangers Money exchangers thrived, since in the old days, paper money was not used Instead, currency consisted of bronze and zinc coins and silver ingots When merchants needed a large amount of money for business transactions, they would exchange the heavy metal bars on Hang Bac During the French time it was called "Exchange Street." Although paper currency was later used, the word for it included the word bac Hang Bac also has jewelers of different types: engravers, smelters, polishers, and goldleaf makers The first jewelry makers were the Dong Cac guild, which settled during the Le dynasty (1428-1788) They founded a temple dedicated to three brothers who learned their art in China in the 6th century, and who are considered the patron saints of the Vietnamese jewelry making profession There are several famous buildings on this street In the communal house on Hang Bac, there is a stone stele, built in 1783, telling about a Mandarin who forcibly took over the communal house The locals took him to court and won back their building The Dung Tho Temple is dedicated to Chu Bi, a Taoist deity At the end of the French colonial period, this temple had been named Truong Ca, after a person who watched over the temple and served the best noodle soup One building on this street is the pride of contemporary history-the Chuong Vang (Golden Bell) Theater, which still hosts traditional Vietnamese theater performances The former traditional-venue theater, the To Nhu (Quang Lac) Theater built in the 1920s, also is on this street but has been transformed into apartments 113 Hang Be Street In the mid-19th century, the guild of bamboo raft makers was located on this street outside the My Loc gate, one of the many sturdy gates to the city The cai mang raft consisted of 12 to 15 large bamboo poles lashed together by strips of green bamboo bark Their anterior was slightly raised by heating the wood, and the aft was rigged with three quadrangular sails made of coarse linen dyed with extracts of sweet potato skins Bamboo rafts were sensible for Hanoi’s shallow rivers, lakes and swamps, which can not provide solid anchorage or natural shelter from storms The flat design better weathered the seasonal typhoons that lash the northern part of Vietnam, and is better adapted to coastal and river fishing The bamboo poles from which the rafts were constructed were sold one block east on Hang Tre Street Cau Go Street Meaning "Wooden Bridge," Cau Go Street is located one block north of the Lake of the Restored Sword, and was in fact the location of a wooden bridge About 150 years ago, the bridge crossed a thin stream of water connecting the Thai Cuc Lake with the Lake of the Restored Sword Dyers from the neighboring Silk Street set out their silk to dry or bleached their fabric beside the bridge Under the French occupation, the lake and stream were filled as health measures and to increase buildable land The little wooden bridge became a regular street On the edge of the lake, women in wide brimmed hats once sold armfuls of flowers to the French for a few coins Today a flower market exists where the Cau Go alley intersects with the main street Other historical sites on Cau Go are the secret headquarters and hiding place of the 1930-45 "Love the Country" resistance movement Cau Go today is a commercial street specializing in women’s accessories Hang Dao Street This street is one of Vietnam’s oldest streets It serves as a main axis running from north to south, cutting the Old Quarter in half In the French Colonial time, Hang Dao Street was a center for the trading of silk products On the first and sixth days of the lunar month, there were fairs for the sale of silk items Shops also sold other types of fabric such as gauze, brocade, crepe, and muslin Almost all the non-silk products were white In the beginning of the 15th century, this street was the location of the silk dyer guild from the Hai Hung Province, which specialized in a deep pink dye Dao, the name of the street, refers to the pink of apricot blossoms, which are symbolic of the Vietnamese Lunar New Year The demand for this special color was so high that the fabric had to be dyed at other locations as well 114 By the 18th century, the dye colors diversified In the 18th-century work Notes About the Capital, the author wrote that "Hang Dao guild does dying work It dyes red as the color of blood, black as Chinese ink, and other beautiful colors." In the 19th century, Hang Dao was lined by about 100 houses, of which only 10 or so were constructed of bricks The rest were of thatch On the side of the street alongside the now filled-in Hang Dao Lake, the foundations of the houses have visibly sunk lower than the road By the turn of this century, Indian textile merchants opened shops for trading silk and wool products imported from the West This street now specializes in ready-made clothing Dong Xuan Street / Market Street This street originally belonged to two villages-the even numbered houses were occupied by the Nhiem Trung village, and the odd numbered houses were occupied by the Hau Tuc village The Dong Xuan market, Vietnam’s oldest and largest market, occupies half of the street River networks formed the economic hub of Hanoi by providing a system of waterways which fed the city and markets Located at the confluence of the To Lich and Red Rivers, the Dong Xuan market was once one of the busiest urban areas in Southeast Asia The French required merchants to bring their goods inside the fenced perimeter of the market in order to facilitate tax collections When the number of merchants swelled, the market was enlarged In 1889, a structure was built over it, and five gates were built leading to it Each of the five market gates was used only for specified goods In 1992, the market was renovated and a new facade erected Hang Mam Street Hang Mam is the union of two old streets: an eastern offshoot called Hang Trung and the original Hang Mam The name is derived from the various kinds of mam, or fish sauces, that are produced and sold here, as well as other sea products The street was originally on the riverside, close to the day’s catch Nuoc mam, or fish sauce, is made from fish that are too small to be sold individually which are placed in clay vats with water and salt Boiled water is poured over the fish and weights are placed on top of the mixture to compress it The concoction distills for days, and the result is a clear amber juice that is rich in protein, vitamins and minerals With aging, the fierce ammoniac odors of the fish become mellow, and like brandy, the flavor improves The first pressing, which is the clearest and purest, is called nuoc mam nhi, or prime The sauce was stored in barrels made on adjacent Hang Thung Street 115 In the 1940s, new specialties appeared on the street A small ceramics industry appeared along with those of memorial stone etching, coffin, and tombstone manufacturers Ma May Street This street also is a union of two old streets Hang May sold rattan products, and Hang Ma sold sacred joss (paper replicas of money, clothing, even stereo sets) to burn for the dead Ma is burned in front of the altar of ancestors accompanied by prayers Around the turn of the century, the streets became one: Ma May In the French time, this street was called "Black Flag Street" because the soldier Luu Vinh Phuc had his headquarters here Luu was the leader of the Black Flags, a bandit unit operating around Hanoi in the late 19th century They were essentially pirates who made a living robbing villagers and merchants In the 1880s, the Black Flags cooperated with the Vietnamese Imperial Forces to resist the French who were attempting to gain military control of Hanoi In the middle of the street is the Huong Tuong temple, established in 1450, which honors Nguyen Trung Ngan (1289-1370), a governor of Thang Long, the former name of Hanoi Hang Thiec Street Hang Thiec is the street of tinsmiths The craftsmen originally produced small tin cone-shaped tips which were used to preserve the shape of the traditional conical hats A neighboring street, Hang Non, made the hats, and both streets comprised the Yen No hamlet Hang Thiec Street also produced oil lamps, candle sticks, and opium boxes Tin shops sold mirrors, which they still today, along with sheet metal, zinc, and glass The street echoes busily with the clanging of hammers against the sheet metal Workers spread out on the sidewalk shaping metal storage boxes and other objects to custom order Hang Thung Street In the old days, on this block inside the Dong Yen gate, barrels were manufactured The barrels were used for storing and carrying water and fish sauce The communal house and the temple of the barrel makers’ guild is located at 22 Hang Thung, but is hidden behind newer buildings The street is shaded by the leaves of the xoan tree which has a fluffy cream colored cluster flower and bright red berries The tree has various English names: Margosa, Bead, or China Berry tree In May, the tiny flowers fall to the ground like yellow confetti The furrowed bark is often scraped off by local residents, who dry and boil it to make a medicinal infusion as a vermifuge 116 The Old Quarter is a precious legacy of Hanoi’s ancient past, but the area is challenged by rapid changes Today, handicraft production is increasingly replaced by restaurants, repair shops, and mini hotels Historic buildings have become mass living spaces and schools as the population increases Craft workers now constitute nine percent of the neighborhood Traders make up 40 percent With the new economic policies, a dramatic building boom has begun, threatening the charm of the district Local, national, and international agencies are now formulating plans to preserve the historic ambiance of the Old Quarter Meaning of the 36 streets (just old name but in fact more than there) by Barbara Cohe 117 APPENDIX VI VOCABULARY Ways of cooking Xào/ rang Luộc Hấp Đun Hầm Tần Rim Kho Ninh Quay Sốt Om Ninh Rán Sống Áp chảo Stir fry Boil Steam Cook Stew Steam with Chinese medical herbs Simmer Cook with fish sauce Bake/grill/roast Roast Cook with sauce Simmer Stew Fry/deep fry Raw Saute Meat, fish and cereals Chân giò Trotters Nạc vai Lean meat Thịt bắp Loin Thăn Medallion/filtet Thịt lợn Pork Dọi Belly of pork Nạc mông Rump Gà Chicken Vịt Duck Ngỗng Goose Chim Bird Trứng Egg Ốc Snail Thịt bò Beef Thịt bê Veal Chặt Băm Giã Đập Thái Nguấy Chop Fine chop Pound Beat/hit Slice Stir Xay Bóc Ướp Ngâm Quạt Lọc Lăn Xát Nhừ Chần Grind/mince Peel Season Soak Winnow/fan Filt Roll Scrub Well-done poach Mực Tôm Tôm hùm Cá Cua/ ghẹ Miến Lươn Bún Phở Mỳ tơm Cơm BÁnh mì Lạc Xôi Nem Squid/cuttle fish Srimp Lobster Fish Crab Glass noodle Eel Thin rice noodle Rice noodle Instant noodle Rice Bread Peanuts/ground nuts Sticky rice Fresh rolls/summer 118 Thịt chó Ếch Đậu phụ Kinds of herbs: Rau thơm Rau mùi Xa lách Hnahf củ Hành hoa Dog meat Frog Tofu Nem chua Nem rán Bánh da mem rolls Sour pork Fried spring rolls Rice paper Basil Corriander Lettuce Shallot Green onion/ spring onion Onion Canh giới Thìa Húng Cần tây Tía tơ Mint Dill Sweet basil Celery Purple mint Tỏi tây leek Ginger Chili sauce Chili powder Chili/hot/pepper Black pepper Salt Soyabean sauce Anise Tỏi Chanh Nghệ Giềng Sả Nước mắm Mắm tôm Me Garlic Lemon Turmeric Galangal Lemon grass Fish sauce Shrimp patse Leek Khoai tây Ớt Đà lạt Nấm Mộc nhĩ Potato Green pepper Mushroom Wood-ears/jew-ears Cải xoong Cabbage Chinese cabbage Chayote Peas Snowpeas Water cress Củ cải Bí xanh Rau muống Bí đỏ Xu hào Squash Morning glory Pumpkin Kohlrabi Cà chua Dưa chuột Cà rốt Súp lơ Radish/sugar beet/turnip Tomato Cucumber Carrot Cauliflower Hành tây Kinds of spices: Gừng Tương ớt Bột ớt Quả ớt Hạt tiêu Muối Xì dầu Hồi khơ Kinds of vegetables: Cải bắp Cải (chung) Su su Đậu Hà Lan 119 Đậu đũa Ngơ bao tử Ngó sen Đậu tương Đậu xanh Giá Mướp đắng Măng Khoai lang Cà tím Beansprout Bitter melon Bamboo shoots Sweet potato Aubergine Chinese greenbean Babycorn Lotus stem Soyabean Green bean Bưởi Chôm chôm Dâu tây Dứa Đào Hồng Lê Mãng cầu xiêm Mận Na Nho (khô) Sầu riêng Vải Quýt Pomedo/grapefruit Rampbutan Strawberry Pineapple Peach Persimmon Pear Soursop Cam Chuối Dưa hấu Dừa Đu đủ Khế Lựu Măng cụt Orange Banana Water melon Coconut Papaya/papaw Star fruit Pomegranate Mangosteen Plum Custard apple Grape/raisin Durian litchi tangerine Mơ Nhãn Ổi Táo Xoài Vú sữa Apricot Longan Guava Apple Mango Milk fruit Fruit Dishes and drinks Bánh Rice pan cake Bánh dày Cháo Round sticky rice cake Rice gruel Bánh chưng Bún chả Square sticky rice cake Rice noodle with grilled meat pie Soup Canh Materials and clothe-making Tailor Thợ may sewing machine Máy khâu Fabric Vải Nước khoáng Nước chanh Sinh tố Mineral water Nước chè Cà phê Tea Coffee Chè Sweet tea cotton wool silk Vải Len Lụa Lemonade Milk shake 120 Garment t-shirt blouse long-sleeved short-sleeved vest jacket coat pants skirt dress socks scarf Hat gloves Tie Slip tank top undershirt underwear Đồ may mặc Áo phơng Áo chồng Dài tay Ngắn tay Áo gi-lê Áo khoác Áo khoác Quần Váy ngắn Váy dài Tất Khăn Mũ Găng tay Cà vạt Váy lót Áo ba lỗ Áo may Đồ lót Linen Khaki Polyester Rayon Striped Checked Corduroy Velvet Lining Collar button-hole Pocket Darts Pleats shoulder pads Zipper Snaps Belt Cuff Hem Lanh Kaki Vải pha nylon Tơ nhân tạo Kẻ sọc Kẻ ca-rô Nhung kẻ Nhung the Đường viền Cổ áo Lỗ khuyết Túi Ly Gấp nếp Cầu vai Khóa kéo Cúc bấm Thắt lưng Măng séc Gấu áo/ quần 121 122 ... information You are a tour guide from FOT travel agent You are taking a group of 15 tourists on a city tour around Hanoi Choose one the two tours to introduce to your tourists Tour Daytime: - Starting... new information, not only what is in guidebooks (no need for tour guides if they have read it in a book already!) - use many different types of information to appeal different types of tourists... main activities of our tour today Before we start our tour, please remember some of our _ (7) to avoid culture shock at the site or with the local people For our tour, this is our