External clear and gold lacquer in tinplate for 3 piece general line can body and ends

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY NGUYEN NGOC HOANG CHAU EXTERNAL CLEAR AND GOLD LACQUER ON TINPLATE FOR 3-PIECE GENERAL LINE CAN BODY AND ENDS Department: Faculty of Chemical engineering Code: 8520301 MASTER THESIS HO CHI MINH CITY, August 2022 CỌNGăTRÌNHă CăHOĨNăTHĨNHăT I TR NGă IăH CăBÁCHăKHOA ậ HQGă-HCM Cánăb ăh ngăd năkhoaăh că: PGS.ăTS.ăLêăTh ăKimăPh ng (Ghiărõăh ,ătên,ăh căhàm,ăh căv ăvàăch ăkỦ) Cánăb ăch mănh năxétă1ă: TS.ăTr năT năVi t (Ghiărõăh ,ătên,ăh căhàm,ăh căv ăvàăch ăkỦ) Cánăb ăch mănh năxétă2ă: PGS.TS Lê Anh Kiên (Ghiărõăh ,ătên,ăh căhàm,ăh căv ăvàăch ăkỦ) Lu năv năth căs ăđ căb oăv ăt iăTr HCM ngày 13 tháng 08 n mă2022 ng i h c Bách Khoa, HQG Tp Thành ph n H i đ ng đánh giá lu n v n th c s g m: (Ghi rõăh ,ătên,ăh căhàm,ăh căv ăc a H i đ ng ch m b o v lu n v n th c s ) Ch ăt ch:ăPGS.TSăNguy năTr ngăS n Th ăkỦ:ăTS.ăPh măHoàngăHuyăPh căL i 3.ăPh năbi nă1:ăTS.ăTr năT năVi t 4.ăPh năbi nă2:ăPGS.TSăLêăAnhăKiên 5.ăU ăviên:ăTS.ăPh măTh ăH ngăPh ng Xác nh n c a Ch t ch H i đ ng đánh giá LV Tr ngăKhoaăqu n lý chuyên ngành sau lu n v n đ c s a ch a (n u có) CH T CH H I NG TR NG KHOA K THU T HÓA H C i TR IăH CăQU CăGIAăTP.HCM NG I H C BÁCH KHOA C NG HÒA XÃ H I CH NGH A VI T NAM c l p-T do-H nh phúc NHI M V LU N V N TH C S H ătênăh căviên:ăăNguy năNg căHoàngăChâu MSHV: 1970157 Ngày,ătháng,ăn măsinh:ăă06/05/1996 N iăsinh:ăTi năGiang Chuyên ngành: K ăthu tăhóaăh c Mưăs : 8520301 I TÊN TÀI: CH ăT OăL P PH NGOÀI TRÊN N N THI C CHO THÙNG M NH (EXTERNAL CLEAR AND GOLD LACQUER ON TINPLATE FOR 3-PIECE GENERAL LINE CAN BODY AND ENDS) NHI M V VÀ N I DUNG: - T ng quan v l p ph bao bì kim lo i s phát tri n c a ngành th iăđi m hi n - Th c nghi m : Kh o sát lo i t l nh a Kh o sát lo i t l xúc tác Kh o sát lo i t l ph gia khác Kh o sát lo i t l dung môi Theoădõiăl uătr II NGÀY GIAO NHI M V : (Ghi theo trongăQ ăgiaoăđ tài) 14/02/2022 III NGÀY HOÀN THÀNH NHI M V :ă(GhiătheoătrongăQ ăgiaoăđ tài) 06/06/2022 IV CÁN B H NG D N (Ghiărõăh căhàm,ăh căv ,ăh ,ătên): PGS.ăTS.ăLêăTh ăKimăPh ng CÁN B H NG D N (H ătênăvàăch ăkỦ) TR Tp HCM, ngày tháng n m 2022 CH NHI M B MÔN ÀO T O (H ătênăvàăch ăkỦ) NG KHOA K THU T HÓA H C (H ătênăvàăch ăkỦ) ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my family, instructors, and friends for their ongoing support of my learning in the past years and this thesis Thanks to their help and encouragement, I have overcome many difficulties in the journey to achieve my Master's degree I am very grateful to my supervisor, Assoc Prof Le Thi Kim Phung for not only providing the necessary infrastructure and resources to accomplish my research work but also allowing me to learn many things in the lab and orientation for my future Besides my supervisor, I would like to thank my enthusiastic colleague Nguyen Ngoc Qui in my company for their priceless academic advice, support as well as valuable and constructive comments on my thesis manuscript, and assistance to increase the quality of the thesis It was a great privilege and honor to work under their guidance Also, I am extending my thanks to my dear colleagues on the R&D team, in which I would express my appreciation to my partner Nguyen Hieu Phap for giving me help to wash all dirty laboratory instruments after every exhausting working day and Nguyen Hoang Tuan for helping me testing MEK resistance Also, I would like to thank my close friends who have been together for a long time, always being beside me whenever I need them We will be best friends forever Moreover, I would like to give the warmest hug to my big sister Nguyen Thi Hoai Thu for a lot of helpful advice, and all the things she gave me Last but not least, I am deeply grateful to my parents, uncle, aunt, and younger sister for their love, care, and sacrifices for my future Nguyen Ngoc Hoang Chau Ho Chi Minh City, May 2022 iii TÓM T T Cácăthùngăch aăb ngăkimălo iăth lo iăkh iătácă đ ngăc aămôiătr ngăđ căph ăm tăl păph ăđ ăb oăv ăkimă ng.ăTínhăch tăc aăl păph ăph ăthu căvàoătínhăch tă c aăs năph mămà nóăch a,ăkhơngăcóăl păph ănàoăcóăth ăs ăd ngăđ s năph mă(đápă ngăđ căchoăt tăc ăcácă căt tăc ăcácăyêuăc uăv ăkhángădungămôi,ăkhángăki m,ăkhángă axit,ăđ ăbámădính,ăđ ăc ng,ăđ ăbóng,ăđ ăd o…).ă ăph ăcácăthùngăthi că(d ngăthùngă 3ăm nh)ădùngăch aăcácăs năph mănh ăm c,ăs n,ăkeoădính,…ăc năcóăm t l păph ăđ tă cácăyêuăc uăv đ ăc ng,ăkhángăhóaăch t,ăđ ăd o,ăđ ănh t M cătiêuăc aălu năv nălàă tìmăraăm tăcơngăth căphùăcóăth ăph ătrênăthùngăthi că(3ăm nh)ădùngăđ ăđ ngăcácăs nă ph măcơngănghi pănh ăm căin,ăs n,ăkeoădính,…ăphùăh păv i uăc uăc ăth t ănhàă s năxu tăbaoăbì D aă trênă cácă tàiă li uă khoaă h că v ă l păph ă h uă c ăvàă t ă v nă t ă cácă nhàăs nă xu tăngunăli uă(nh a,ăph ăgia,ădungămơi,…),ătaăđ aăraăđ Sauăđóăápăd ngăph vàăhàmăl căcơngăth căbanăđ u.ă ngăphápăsàngăl căđ ăt iă uăhóaăt ăl ănh aăchính/ch tăđóngăr nă ngăcácăngunăli uăkhác.ăTínhăch tăcu iăcùngăc aăs năph măđ đ nhăd aătrênăgiáăc ,ăngu nănguyênăli u, tiêuăchu năt ăkháchăhàngăvàăth ătr đ ăc ngă(2H),ăđ ăbámă(5B),ăđ ăbóng,ăđ ăb nău n,… căquy tă ngăv ă iv ABSTRACT Cans are usually coated with an organic layer that protects the integrity of the can from the effects of the environment and prevents chemical reactions between the can's metal and the environment The requirement of the coating depends on the features of the product so it is difficult to meet all requirements such as alkali, acid, solvent resistance, adhesion, hardness, gloss, and flexibility…ă by an only formula for all types of product Nowadays, to cover tin cans (3-piece) which uses to store industrial products such as ink, paint, and adhesive…ăthisălayerăneedsătoăhaveăsomeă specific requirements such as hardness, chemical resistance, flexibility, viscosity Therefore, the aim of the thesis is to find a suitable formulation that applies to a tin can (3-piece) that stores ink, paint, and adhesive…ăandăadaptăsomeăfunctionsăfromă the packaging manufacturers Based on scientific documents about organic coating and consultation from the ingredient suppliers, the initial choice is given to make the starting formulation The screening method is applied to optimize the ratio of the main resin and crosslinker and the number of other compositions The final choice adapts the standard regarding adhesion (5B), pencil hardness (2H), flexibility, viscosity, and gloss v DECLARATION The author confirms that all the contents used in this thesis are unique and are completely quoted and cited Ho Chi Minh City, August 13th, 2022 (Full name & signature) Nguyen Ngoc Hoang Chau vi TABLE OF CONTENTS NHI MăV ăLU NăV NăTH CăS i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii TÓM T T iii ABSTRACT iv DECLARATION v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLE ix ABBREVIATION x INTRODUCTION Background Scope and limitation of the study Objectives CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Can coating 1.1.1 Overview 1.1.2 Structure of tinplate 1.1.3 Can coating process [6] 1.1.4 Curing of paint 10 1.1.5 Adhesion of coating 11 1.2 Ingredients of can coating 14 1.2.1 Resin 14 1.2.2 Solvent 22 1.2.3 Additives 27 1.3 Future of can coating 31 1.4 The recent work on can coating 32 CHAPTER 2: EXPERIMENT AND MATERIALS 34 2.1 Experiment procedure 34 2.1.1 Materials 34 2.1.2 Making sample 34 vii 2.1.3 Testing procedure 35 2.2 Testing methods 36 2.2.1 Producing films of uniform thickness (ASTM D 823) [38] 36 2.2.2 Resistance to cracking (flexibility) (ASTM D 522) [39] 37 2.2.3 Film hardness by pencil test (ASTM D 3363) [40] 39 2.2.4 Measuring adhesion by tape test (ASTM D 3359) [41] 42 2.2.5 Density of liquid coatings (ASTM D 1475) [42] 44 2.2.6 Viscosity by Ford viscosity cup (ASTM D 1200) [43] 46 2.2.7 Gloss (ASTM D 0523) [44] 48 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 50 3.1 External clear lacquer 50 3.1.1 Main resin 50 3.1.2 Hardener 53 3.1.3 The ratio of hardener to main resin 54 3.1.4 Catalyst 57 3.1.5 Wax 60 3.1.6 Solvent 62 3.1.7 Storage 66 3.2 External gold lacquer 68 3.2.1 The ratio of hardener to main resin 68 3.2.2 Catalyst 70 3.2.3 Dye 72 3.2.4 Solvent for external gold lacquer 73 3.2.5 Storage 76 CONCLUSION 79 REFERENCES 80 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Process of making varnish from solid resin 35 Figure 2.2 Process of making topcoat 35 Figure 2.3 Testing procedure 36 Figure 2.6 Pencil hardness tester 40 Figure 3.1 Relationship between solid content and viscosity 52 Figure 3.2 The influence of hardener amount on coating properties 56 Figure 3.3 The influence of catalyst amount on MEK resistance and pencil hardness 59 Figure 3.4 The influence of wax amount on pencil hardness 62 Figure 3.5 The effect of solvent type on the viscosity of mixture 65 Figure 3.6 The influence of solvent on the changing process of viscosity 66 Figure 3.7 The influence of hardener amount on coating properties 69 Figure 3.8 The influence of catalyst amount on MEK resistance and pencil hardness 71 Figure 3.9 The effect of solvent type on the viscosity of mixture 75 Figure 3.10 The influence of solvent on the changing process of viscosity 76 69 Flexibilityăandăadhesionăonătinplateăareăstableăandăfităforăcustomer’săstandardsă when changing hardener amount However, pencil hardness and MEK resistance dramatically fluctuate 6B 5B 4B 3B 2B B HB F H 2H 3H 4H 5H 6H (-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 Softer 7) Harder 60 59 57 56 55 54 53 52 Pencil hardness MEK resistance (times) 58 MEK resistance (times) Pencil hardness 51 50 10 15 20 25 30 Wt% solid hardener/total solid resin Figure 3.7 The influence of hardener amount on coating properties According to result, the optimum hardener amount required for any formulation and application is 15% solid hardener/total solid resin (by weight) 70 3.2.2 Catalyst Catalyst can reduce the drying time and decrease the curing temperature are possible ways to optimize productivity and costs, enhance the crosslinking or polymerization of the resins may strengthen the dry film, and offer better quality coatings Same as external clear lacquer, we use C1419 as a catalyst for this reaction To optimize the catalyst amount, we prepare a liquid sample (15% solid hardener/total solid resin) at different catalyst amounts; apply the sample with 16µm thickness on substrates and dry it at 180oC in 15 minutes, and test performance (MEK resistance, hardness by tape, flexibility by conical mandrel tester) to find The result is below: Table 3.14 The influence of catalyst amount on coating properties Catalyst MEK amount resistance (wt%/total (times) solid resin) Pencil hardness Adhesion Flexibility on tinplate No Name of sample S2