Review and plan to remove the inefficient technology, industries not environmentally friendly in binh thuan province

Review and plan to remove the inefficient technology, industries not environmentally friendly in Binh Thuan province Bao Nguyen TRINH, Thanh BAO, Hoang Tuan TRAN Sub-Institute of Hydrometeorology & Environment of South Vietnam (SIHYMETE) Address: 19 Nguyen Thi Minh Khai St, Dist.1, HCM City, Viet Nam Tel: (+84)-8-38243815 Email: trinhbao69@yahoo.fr Abstract: Climate Change is well known as a factor of weather changes, but the impact of climate change on public health is rarely considered It is due to rising temperatures and prolonging, and its indirect effect is an infectious disease increase Climate change affects on the Weather (storms, heavy rainfall, rising sea levels), Environment (gas emission, water salinity) and Society (human) And this leads to reduce the profits of the company due to higher production costs because of expensive fresh water to cooling machines, the cost of insurance in natural risk disasters increase and having to pay high insurance for workers in the environment pollution That is one of the reasons why the impact of climate change on the economy relates to use the efficient technology and to develop the industries environmentally friendly Another related point of view is that Vedan Co polluted Thi Vai river by the wastewater due to lax management of local government And then the trademark of the Vedan Co has lost the consumers' credibility So plan for sustainable development is a new approach (challenge) to local government manage the sustainable development of economy, society and environment by integrating urban planning with development sustainability (principles and practice) Therefore, remove the inefficient technology, industries not environmentally friendly is urgently needed to avoid the business risks, due directly or indirectly by climate change and to help the businesses to maintain the clean development mechanism trademark (environmentally friendly) on the market And thus, the enterprises can develop and trade in advantage and sustainable natural environment Keywords: efficient technology, industries environmentally friendly, sustainable development INTRODUCTION For humans, sustainability is the potential for long-term maintenance of well being, which has ecological, economic, political and cultural dimensions Sustainability requires the reconciliation of environmental, social equity and economic demands - also referred to as the "three pillars" of sustainability or the Es (Fig.2) According to [1], “There is no agreed way of defining the extent to which sustainability is being achieved in any policy programme Sustainability and sustainable development are effectively ethical concepts, expressing desirable outcomes from economic and social decisions The term ‘sustainable’ is therefore applied loosely to policies to express this aspiration, or to imply that the policy choice is ‘greener than it might otherwise be (e.g the idea of a ‘sustainable road building programme’) Everywhere the rhetoric of sustainable development is ignored in practical decisions Often sustainable development ends up being development as usual, with a brief embarrassed genuflection towards the desirability of sustainability The important matter of principle therefore becomes a victim of the desire to set targets and measure progress” Face to Climate change and Sea level rise, it’s a challenge to local government Binh Thuan province to manage the sustainable development of economy, society and environment by integrating urban planning with development sustainability (principles and practice) In order to attain this objective, the first step of this practical decision is to review and plan to remove the inefficient technology, industries not environmentally friendly in Binh Thuan province Section is the introduction to Binh Thuan province: geography and natural resources, climate, society, energy and industry Section is the sustainable development; section is discussion and finally section is conclusion BINH THUAN PROVINCE Figure 1: Administrative map of Binh Thuan 2.1 Geography and Natural resources Binh Thuan (Fig.1) is the coastal province in the south central part of Vietnam; Latitude: from 10°33'42" to 11°33'18"; Longitude: from 107°23'41" to 108°52'18" North and northeast is Ninh Thuan province, northwest is Lam Dong province, southwest is Ba Ria - Vung Tau province and east is East sea Figure shows the administrative map of Binh Thuan province in Vietnam Binh Thuan province area is 782.846 in which there are 201.100 of agricultural area (25,68%), 374.409 of forest area (47,82%), 21.403 of specialized area (2,73%), 6.331 of habitation area (0,8%) and 174.603 of the rest area (unused area, river and rocks, 22,3%), according to the General Statistical Office (www.gso.gov.vn) This province is prolonged along from Northeast to Southwest, the majority of province is the low hills, narrow coastal plains, divided into three main types: sand dunes and coastal dune area (18,22%) distributed along the coast from Tuy Phong to Ham Tan (Fig 1); delta (9.43%) and hills (31.66%) The total area of the river basin is 9880 km2 with a length of 663 km Along the coastal area of Binh Thuan province, there are business units that had explored on areas with total area of 1,900 and discovered the reserves over millions ton of Titanium-Zircon And the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) had licensed to exploit a mineral reserve over 885,000 tons of Bentonite Currently the JSC Building Materials and Minerals Binh Thuan is exploiting the sand (glass and industry) in the communal area Hong Liem, Ham Thuan Bac (Fig.1) with the exploitation capacity of 30,000 m3/year Two mineral water companies: Vinh hao and Da kai are exploiting and processing Furthermore, the building stones and clay mines are being exploited Binh Thuan has also a coastline of 192 km, a marine area of 52,000 km2, favorable for fishing and tourism Binh Thuan Sea is one of the Vietnamese major fisheries, reserves quantity seafood from 220 to 240 thousand tons, rich with many kinds of seafood specialties rare high economic value such as shrimp, scallops, oysters, etc… The area along the river and coast has a potential development of semiintensive shrimp farming around 1,000 Coastal areas and islands can grow fish in cages, assorted seafood specialties such as grouper, lobster On the East Coast, The district island Phu Quy is very close to the international shipping, as the North-South exchanges and Spratlys’ fishery, favorable to the development of seafood processing, development of maritime services, tourism 2.2 Society The province has more than 20 ethnic groups; the Kinh is the largest 93.01% The ethnic minorities such as Cham, Raglai, Chinese, Tay, Cho-ro people, and other ethnic groups accounted for 0.46% The province has 10 administrative units include: city, town and districts Phan Thiet City is the cultural, political, economic, social center of the province In 2010, the average population is estimated around 1,184 million Population growth rate is declining, but the birth rate is higher than the national average The difference between migration and immigration in recent years hadn’t impact on the province's population Binh Thuan population structure is young The working-age group accounted for 57.3% and the group over working age was 7.6% The changes in the age structure of the population tends increasingly rational, can be seen as an advantage in human resources for the economic development in the coming period Due to the location and topography, Binh Thuan's population is unevenly distributed, mostly in densely populated coastal plains and river basins The increased proportion of urban population shows the economic tendency to restructuring industries and services, but also create pressure for vocational training and employment as well as social issues 2.3 Climate Binh Thuan province is located in the driest areas nationwide with windy and sunny The average annual temperature is 26.5°C - 27.5°C The average rainfall is 800-1600 mm/year, lower than the national average of about 300 mm/year South Central Coastal areas has formed dunes extend constantly from Da Nang to Binh Thuan contribute to desertification, typically in provinces Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan The climate change drought and extreme weather events had intensified in these areas The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) had declared in 2005 that 300,000 of the South central Vietnam (Binh Thuan, Ninh Thuan and South of Khanh Hoa) is seasonal or permanent drought land During the past 10 years, the provinces in the region had been threatened with drought in 1999 and had around 203,000 people with water shortage Climate change scenarios in Binh Thuan province show that in 2020 the drought season period increases 10 to 30 days in high scenario and to 20 days in low scenario; in 2050 it increases to 20 to 65 days in high scenario and 15 to 40 in low scenario; and in 2100, it increases 40 to 170 days in high scenario and 20 to 50 days in low scenario Also, in recent years, intense storms occur much more in the province The orbit of storm gradually moved to the south; and hurricane season ends later and storms pathway is also more anomalies than before In 2006, Binh Thuan province is directly affected by the powerful storm (DURIAN) on the night to the dawn 5/12/2006, causing serious damage to Phu Quy island and coastal areas province, kills, 44 injures In the statistical sequence from 1961 to 2005, only hurricanes affect in our country in December and there is no storm intensity as the storm So climate change in Binh Thuan province had influenced on the lives and livelihoods of the local communities and the economy by the frequency and intensity of storms flood, tidal surge and water deficit 2.4 Energy and Industry Electricity networks are widely developed in the province, in 2010, electricity accounted for 49% daily activities; 42% industrial production – construction; approximately 0.85% agriculture, forestry and fisheries; 6.8% trade - services, hotels Power supply for Binh Thuan province mainly from the National Grid (NG) include: - Ham Thuan hydropower plant consists of two power units: 2x150MW Connected to NG 220kV by Transmission Lines (TL): 271 to the Da Mi hydropower Plant; 272 to Long Thanh station 220/110kV; and 273 to Bao Loc station Connected to 110 kV NG by TL: 173 Duc Linh station; 172 and 171 to Phan Thiet station - Da Mi hydropower plant power units with capacity 2x87,5 MW Connected to NG 220kV by TL: 271 to Ham Thuan hydropower plant and 272 to Long station 220/110kV - Dai Ninh hydropower plant 300 MW - Bac Binh hydropower plant 33 MW - Wind power (phase 1) 7.5 MW - Da Nhim hydropower plant: four units with capacity: 4x40 MW Connected to NG 220kV by TL: 271 to Bao Loc station and 272 to Nha Trang station Connected to NG 110 kV by TL: 171 to Duc Trong station; 172 to Thap Cham station and 173 to Cam Ranh station - Phu Quy island district: diesel power plant with capacity 6x500kW, total MW And 30 client generators with total capacity around 1.000kW The power supply situation has not met the quantity and the quality of the industrial production; because the electricity is often cut off and has not enough voltage that greatly affect production So for the industrial development, increasing the new power supply in Binh Thuan province is very urgent SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Figure shows three pillars to have the sustainable development such as: Economy, Social Equity and Environment This Figure shows that the sustainability requires also the low emission CO2 (Environment) However, Vietnam is one of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) For LDCs, development means satisfying the basic human needs of the population, including access to the jobs, food, health services, education, housing, running water, and sewage treatment And to fulfill these needs, we need huge amount of energy sources Figure 2: Sustainable development Therefore, adopting clean and renewable energy based on economic development model and at the same time, accepting the accountability to keep Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions at its low throughout the industrial and economic activities in LDCs is technically and economically possible But, we need a strong political mandate to adopt it Happily, in April of this year (2013), the 49- strong group of LDCs agreed to accept binding cuts on emission reduction But developing countries’ National Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) should be supported For this paper, the inefficient technology and industries not environmentally friendly in Binh Thuan province need to be defined in order to help the local government managing the businesses to maintain the clean development (environmentally friendly), develop and trade in advantage and sustainable natural environment 3.1 Inefficient technology and Industries not environmentally friendly Since Vietnam ratified the Kyoto protocol on 25 September 2002, many directives, circulars and decisions from the Prime Minister’s office of Vietnam and MONRE are given in order to respond to Climate Change and Desertification, for example: Decision No 79/2006/QD-TTg on April 14, 2006 of the Prime Minister approving the national target program on energy saving and efficiency So the inefficient technology is a technology that doesn’t respond to the sustainable development (Figure 2) It could be a technology not profitable (Economy) and/or not social Equity (e.g noise, safety in Figure 2) and/or not environmental (e.g resources, true costs in Figure 2) Then the industries environmentally friendly that are the industries reduce the impact on the environment and preserve the natural resources According to [2], being environmentally friendly can save money, give a good publicity and even attract the new customers for the industry An environmentally friendly industry that uses resources efficiently is more sustainable and more likely to minimize the impact of environmental risks Therefore, in order to have the sustainable development, a strategy to remove the inefficient technology, industries not environmentally friendly is necessary However, as mentioned above Vietnam is one of LDCs so how could we make the compatibility between the Energy demand to develop and the low GHG emission pathway in order to develop sustainable? And especially in Binh Thuan province? The answer is YES with the support of the developing countries’ NAMAs According to [3], Vietnam has the fund to identify and submit the prioritized technology needs, including technology transfer But for each country and each province, it depends on the natural resources (Environment), the available human resource (social Equity) and the financial state (Economy) of this region, the strategic plan could be re-defined in order to adapt to the condition of regional Climate and social economy 3.2 Sustainable development in Binh Thuan province In order to create the advantage and sustainable development in natural environment for business, the challenge of the local government is to make a strategic plan to remove the inefficient industries and not environmentally friendly in the prioritized order which depends on the local conditions (Economy, Environment and social Equity) in Binh Thuan province such as: Climate Change, Desertification, human and natural resources and infrastructure, etc According to [4]: National Climate Change Adaptation Research Plan Primary Industries in Australia, a lot of questions to the local government must be answered in order to establish an equitable prioritized list of industries to remove by identified the primary industries such as: What adjustments to production practices and technologies need to be developed to increase the adaptive capacity of Binh Thuan province’s primary industries? How can their effectiveness (benefits and costs) be monitored and measured, and what practical issues need to be addressed for implementation? What characteristics of transformational change in primary industries are likely to provide advantage under changed climate conditions? What information, knowledge, tools, programs and policies are needed to support effective transformative adaptation in primary production systems? How can the well being of individuals and communities unable to undertake transformational changes be maintained? , Etc For more details, the reader is referred to [4] Furthermore, according to [5], the strengthening cooperation between ministries and agencies must be integrated to support to response to Climate Change on the sustainable development pathway In particular in Binh Thuan province it is also very important to help the enterprises to invest in the new efficient technology and to build the industries environmentally friendly without scaring about the bureaucracy For example, Binh Thuan province mandatory guidelines all manual brick kiln switch on Hoffman kiln in the province In Gia An commune, Tanh Linh district with 13 businessmen they spend tens of billions VND to invest in the conversion Hoffman kiln However, many kiln owners had to "sell off" because the investment material is expensive but the raw material clay is not enough to meet production Especially in the case of Thuan Kieu Co., the company is granted to exploit the clay mines Gia An 2, in Gia An commune with total mining area over 46 hectares when the company converted to 12 Hoffman kilns, but the lease procedure land-use is not accepted because the deal of application in land-use planning in the province until 2010 have expired according to the Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) and the land use plan period 2011 to 2015 of the province has not been approved by the Government Therefore, the illegal exploitation clays mines had been happened in the district (source: http://baobinhthuan.com.vn/vn/default.asp x?news_id=56182) Agriculture food: The very well known fruit in Binh Thuan province is Dragon fruit The farmer had used the LightEmitting Diode (LED) to warm the Dragon fruit tree in the night in order to increase the tree’s production, to save the energy and to reduce the production’s price And the most important point is that the Farmer had also produced the Dragon fruit’s wine in order to be independent in Dragon fruit seasonal market’s price That is the reason why the industrial processing of agricultural products after harvesting should be more focused attention by the local government to ensure the good agricultural prices in the harvest year for the sustainable Agriculture development in Renewable energy: with the climatic features sunny and windy, Binh Thuan province is the province most favorable in Vietnam to develop the renewable energy such as wind and solar power Currently, the wind/solar hybrid generator - grid connect system suitable for household, office and restaurant is available in Vietnam, for example: products in the website gptech.com.vn But there are not some policies to encourage the business to use this kind of energy Or to have a national grid system as in California, USA to buy power during the day when more power electricity (supply more than demand) produced by the wind/solar power and sell power at night when power is low, because the storage of renewable energy is very expensive Aquaculture products (Seafood): In recent years, fishing in Binh Thuan province is facing on many challenges such as resource nearshore waters decline, fishing grounds shrunk due to the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas while the number of fishing vessels and production costs are rising Fishing offshore development in reaching the new fishing grounds with abundant aquatic resources is the actual demand and the inevitable trend of fisheries development However, the current development of the province’s offshore fleet has also a certain number of difficulties Most reviews of the fishermen should be up at the conference 21/03/2013: “Offshore development associated with the logistic service, marine production teams to assess the development of offshore vessels and fishermen’s problems encountered in the course of fishing in the sea” agreed that the state should care to support and to fund for building new offshore fleet, because the cost is too large for the fishermen and they can not afford this investment (source: http://www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/Modules/News /NewsDetail.aspx? co_id=10184&cn_id=576197) And also the growing unrest in the disputed maritime territory in the East Sea has put fishermen in a precarious position Mining: The recommendations in a report of DONRE on 14/04/2011 for mining titanium in Binh Thuan province are: “Currently most of the titanium-mining project is not permitted to discharge the wastewater into water sources though it has been trained, checked and reminded repeatedly Recently, the inspection teams of the Department of Geology and Mineral Resources and Environment Administration have also requested to establish a permit for discharge of wastewater into water sources Reason: According to investors' reports: it is not established precedent for the discharge wastewater records of titanium mining; Not yet to find a solution to collect and handle radioactivity alpha, beta in wastewater during ore selection So DONRE recommends: MONRE, Bureau of Water Resources Management should have established specific guidelines for evaluating applications and exploitation of groundwater, surface water and especially in discharge wastewater records for the mining and processing of titanium, which is particularly interested in determining the ability to provide water, prevention of salinity and radioactive contamination in water resources If possible to introduce the qualified consulting units to establish the discharge wastewater records for the investors” So the awareness of the local government and people (human resources) is also needed to be enhanced Therefore plan for sustainable development is a challenge to local government manage the sustainable development of economy, social equity and environment by integrating urban planning with developing sustainability in principles and practice: 1) principles are because that needs a strong political mandate to adopt it and 2) practice is because that needs the reconciliation of the master (political mandatory) and strategic plans and the local economic power and the local people in Binh Thuan province DISCUSSION As mentioned above integrating urban planning with developing sustainability is one of tools that the local government could manage the sustainable development Green building and green city are currently the Keywords as urban planning in sustainable development And the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design developed by U.S Green Building Council - USGBC) certificate is the best certificate for the green city and green building But in practice, the sustainable development is only accelerated if the local community supports it because for humans, sustainability is the potential for long-term maintenance of well being, which has ecological, economic, political and cultural dimensions So the awareness of sustainable development of the local people in Binh Thuan province must be enhanced in order to participate with the local government to develop sustainability For example in USA the Sustainable community Jersey (www.sustainablejersey.com) is created as a certification program for municipalities in New Jersey that want to go green, save money and take steps to sustain their quality of life over the long term Launched in 2009, they are a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization that provides tools, training and financial incentives to support and reward communities as they pursue sustainability programs Because cities are so complex - as complex, it might say, as a living organism sustainable cities are much more difficult to achieve than green buildings or environmentally friendly cars For example, it’s not enough to have sustainable buildings in our city if they are all really far apart and everyone has to drive long distances to get around that would be like eating a salad followed by fried chicken Simply stated, one strategy on it’s own is simply not enough to make an entire city sustainable, rather what's needed is a series of strategies such as: Sustainable land use planning and urban form; Innovative housing strategies; Sustainable transportation and mobility; Urban ecology and strategies for greening the urban environment; Recycling, upcycling and closing the loop of stuff; Energy conservation and renewable energy; Sustainable building practices and green governance and economy Therefore, this paper is the first step that the local government in Binh Thuan province needs to build a strategic plan but it is not possible to attain the sustainable development yet Because it needs the feedback of the local practice from the local government and people (human resource) such as: local culture, economy, awareness, conscious and climate Of course, the subject of the paper is so large to be reduced in one paper However, the main ideas (suggestions and/or problems) are highlighted in different primary industries in Binh Thuan province and they are needed the attention of the local government when a strategic plan to remove the inefficient technologies, industries not environmentally friendly in Binh thuan province will be established CONCLUSION In sustainable development pathway, Binh Thuan province or Vietnam in general need to establish and to define step by step the prioritized primary industries for each region (different conditions: climate, human and natural resources, infrastructure) to develop and to be helped by developing countries’ NAMAs And the peace in the East Sea is one of the necessary conditions that Vietnam could develop sustainability too Thus, the master plan, the strengthening cooperation between ministries and agencies, local awareness and conscious of the local government and people (human resources)…in Binh Thuan province must be integrated together in order to develop sustainability step by step for long-term maintenance of well being Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the local government of Binh Thuan province for their confidence and kind assistance to realize this project References [1] Adams, W.M (2006) "The Future of Sustainability: Re-thinking Environment and Development in the Twenty-first Century." Report of the IUCN Renowned Thinkers Meeting, 29–31 January 2006 [2] http://www.business.qld.gov.au/busine ss/running/environment/environmentyour-business [3] Handbook for conducting Technology needs assessment for Climate change, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), United Nations Development Program (UNDP), 11/2010 [4] Barlow, S, Eckard, R, Grace, P, Howden, M, Keenan, R, Kingwell, R, McKellar, R, Meinke, H, Miller, C, Nelson, Lee, Russell, J, George, D, 2013 National Climate Change Adaptation Research Plan Primary Industries: Update Report 2013, National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF), Gold Coast, Australia ISBN: 978-1-92160980-0 [5] Tích hợp vấn đề Biến Đổi Khí Hậu vào kế hoạch phát triển Kinh Tế- Xã Hội, PGS TS Trần Thục, TS Huỳnh Thị Lan Hương, ThS Đào Minh Trang  ... paper, the inefficient technology and industries not environmentally friendly in Binh Thuan province need to be defined in order to help the local government managing the businesses to maintain the. .. plan to remove the inefficient technologies, industries not environmentally friendly in Binh thuan province will be established CONCLUSION In sustainable development pathway, Binh Thuan province. .. practice) In order to attain this objective, the first step of this practical decision is to review and plan to remove the inefficient technology, industries not environmentally friendly in Binh Thuan