Ebook Language and Linguistics
[...]... forensic linguistics gender identity ideology indicators international language International Phonetic Alphabet kinship terms language change language contact xiv LIST OF KEY CONCEPTS Psycholinguistics and cognitive linguistics language death lingua franca linguistic area literacy markers minimal pair minority language motherese narrative national language number of languages observer’s paradox official language. .. frame given/new irrealis landmark language acquisition language acquisition device language areas language disability language faculty language instinct language planning language processing literacy localization mental space mentalism metaphor mirror neurons motherese natural -language processing neurolinguistics oracy perceptual strategy possible worlds theory prototype psycholinguistics qualitative... death language family loan word onomastics origin and evolution of language orthography philology proto -language proto -language hypothesis punctuation reconstruction social network standard language typology writing system Theoretical linguistics and aspects of language theory animal communication anthropological linguistics arbitrariness artificial language autolexical grammar xvi LIST OF KEY CONCEPTS... politeness power prestige sex differences in language sexist language sign language slang social history of language social network social stratification of language sociolinguistics speech community speech therapy standard language stereotype synchrony tone language transcription turn-taking usage variable variation vernacular bilingualism cloze cognitive linguistics communicative competence competence... of language prescriptivism productivity purism qualitative approach quantitative approach rank scale Saussurean paradox stimulus-freedom structuralism Historical linguistics and philology borrowing comparative reconstruction dead language diachrony etymology genetic relationship grapheme historical linguistics Indo-European internal reconstruction language change language contact language death language. .. features displacement duality of patterning folk linguistics forensic linguistics formal grammar functionalism functions of language generative grammar genetic hypothesis of language Government -and- Binding Theory innateness hypothesis integrationalism language language myths langue Lexical-Functional Grammar linguistic relativity linguistics mentalism metalanguage minimalist program(me) natural class... to Joanna Gavins and Ada for reading for clarity and demanding playtime respectively I am grateful to Larry Trask’s wife, Jan, for permission to revise this Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics I hope it appears in a form that Larry would have approved Peter Stockwell xx The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 2005) # International Phonetic Association xxi LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS The Key... among the most important in the field and among those which every beginning student is likely to encounter The concepts are taken from every area of language study, from traditional grammar to contemporary grammatical theory, from child language to language and brain, from lexicography to the linguistic study of literary texts, from men’s and women’s speech to language and power Each entry provides a brief... by the diaphragm and the rib muscles and passes out through the mouth (and possibly the nose) This is the principal mechanism in all languages and the only one used in most languages (including English) In the pulmonic ingressive mechanism, air is drawn in from the outside through the mouth into the lungs; no language uses this, but you may hear it intermittently from a child sobbing and talking at the... turn-taking Further reading: Holmes 1992; Duranti 1997 ADJECTIVE The part of speech which includes words like big and beautiful English and many other languages have a large and growing class of adjectives, though in some languages the class of adjectives is tiny and closed or absent altogether (In these languages, the meanings expressed by adjectives in English are expressed by other parts of speech.) In English, . category dyslexia foregrounding frame given/new irrealis landmark language acquisition language acquisition device language areas language disability language faculty language instinct language planning language. device language areas language change language contact language death language disability language faculty ALPHABETICAL LIST OF KEY CONCEPTS vii language