0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor marke.
2: Country/Economy Profiles Vietnam Key indicators, 2014 GDP (PPP) per capita (int’l $), 1990–2014 Population (millions) 90.6 GDP (US$ billions) 186.0 GDP per capita (US$) 2,053 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total 0.47 Vietnam 10,000 Emerging and Developing Asia 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 Global Competitiveness Index Rank (out of 140) Score (1–7) Institutions Innovation GCI 2015–2016 56 4.3 GCI 2014–2015 (out of 144) 68 4.2 GCI 2013–2014 (out of 148) 70 4.2 GCI 2012–2013 (out of 144) 75 4.1 Infrastructure Business sophistication Macroeconomic environment Basic requirements (58.9%) .72 4.5 Market size 1st pillar: Institutions 85 3.7 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 76 3.8 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 69 4.7 4th pillar: Health and primary education 61 5.9 Health and primary education Higher education and training Technological readiness Financial market development Efficiency enhancers (35.8%) .70 4.0 Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency 5th pillar: Higher education and training 95 3.8 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 83 4.2 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 52 4.4 8th pillar: Financial market development 84 3.7 9th pillar: Technological readiness 92 3.3 10th pillar: Market size 33 4.8 Vietnam Emerging and Developing Asia Stage of development Innovation and sophistication factors (5.3%) .88 3.4 11th pillar: Business sophistication 100 3.6 12th pillar: Innovation 73 3.2 Transition 1–2 Factor driven Transition 2–3 Efficiency driven Innovation driven The most problematic factors for doing business Score* Access to financing 12.5 Policy instability 11.4 Inadequately educated workforce 11.0 Poor work ethic in labor force 9.1 Corruption 9.0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure 8.3 Complexity of tax regulations .7.7 Inefficient government bureaucracy .7.4 Inflation 7.1 Tax rates 6.8 Foreign currency regulations 2.2 Insufficient capacity to innovate 2.0 Restrictive labor regulations 2.0 Crime and theft 1.9 Government instability/coups 1.0 Poor public health .0.5 * 10 15 20 25 From the list of factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between (most problematic) and The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings 366 | The Global Competitiveness Report 2015–2016 © 2015 World Economic Forum 30 2: Country/Economy Profiles Vietnam The Global Competitiveness Index in detail INDICATOR VALUE RANK/140 INDICATOR 1st pillar: Institutions VALUE RANK/140 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont’d.) 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 Property rights 3.9 96 Intellectual property protection 3.6 88 Diversion of public funds 3.4 67 Public trust in politicians 3.5 45 Irregular payments and bribes 3.2 106 Judicial independence 3.5 86 Favoritism in decisions of government officials 3.2 65 Wastefulness of government spending 2.9 85 Burden of government regulation 3.2 90 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes 3.7 69 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs 3.4 79 Transparency of government policymaking 3.8 89 Business costs of terrorism 5.0 87 Business costs of crime and violence 4.6 69 Organized crime 4.8 75 Reliability of police services 3.7 97 Ethical behavior of firms 3.6 101 Strength of auditing and reporting standards 3.6 130 Efficacy of corporate boards 4.0 127 Protection of minority shareholders’ interests 3.6 109 Strength of investor protection, 0–10 (best)* 4.7 100 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 Quality of overall infrastructure 3.5 99 Quality of roads 3.3 93 Quality of railroad infrastructure 3.2 48 Quality of port infrastructure 3.9 76 Quality of air transport infrastructure 4.2 75 Available airline seat km/week, millions* 917.7 30 Quality of electricity supply 4.1 87 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* 147.1 28 Fixed-telephone lines/100 pop.* 6.0 100 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 Government budget balance, % GDP* –5.4 115 Gross national savings, % GDP* 31.1 18 Inflation, annual % change* 4.1 85 General government debt, % GDP* 58.7 94 Country credit rating, 0–100 (best)* 44.0 71 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.* 29.7 26 Business impact of malaria 4.7 40 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.* 144.0 104 Business impact of tuberculosis 4.5 103 HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* 0.4 74 Business impact of HIV/AIDS 4.5 109 Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* 19.0 85 Life expectancy, years* 75.8 51 Quality of primary education 3.7 83 Primary education enrollment, net %* 98.0 27 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* 75.2 96 Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* 24.6 87 Quality of the education system 3.5 78 Quality of math and science education 4.2 65 Quality of management schools 3.5 113 Internet access in schools 4.6 57 Availability of specialized training services 3.6 111 Extent of staff training 3.9 73 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 No procedures to start a business* 10 116 No days to start a business* 34.0 119 Agricultural policy costs 4.0 50 Prevalence of non-tariff barriers 4.1 100 Trade tariffs, % duty* 7.4 86 Prevalence of foreign ownership 4.2 93 Business impact of rules on FDI 4.6 63 Burden of customs procedures 3.6 90 Imports as a percentage of GDP* 87.9 13 Degree of customer orientation 4.1 102 Buyer sophistication 3.4 70 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 Cooperation in labor-employer relations 4.3 71 Flexibility of wage determination 5.0 67 Hiring and firing practices 4.2 44 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* 24.6 108 Effect of taxation on incentives to work 3.7 83 Pay and productivity 4.3 45 Reliance on professional management 3.6 109 Country capacity to retain talent 3.2 87 Country capacity to attract talent 3.3 77 Women in labor force, ratio to men* 0.92 23 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 Availability of financial services 3.9 103 Affordability of financial services 3.6 115 Financing through local equity market 3.9 48 Ease of access to loans 2.6 88 Venture capital availability 3.0 46 Soundness of banks 3.7 124 Regulation of securities exchanges 3.6 108 Legal rights index, 0–12 (best)* 24 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 Availability of latest technologies 4.0 112 Firm-level technology absorption 3.9 121 FDI and technology transfer 4.2 81 Individuals using Internet, %* 48.3 73 Fixed-broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* 6.5 79 Int’l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user* 20.7 86 Mobile-broadband subscriptions/100 pop.* 31.0 83 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 Domestic market size index, 1–7 (best)* 4.5 35 Foreign market size index, 1–7 (best)* 5.7 25 GDP (PPP$ billions)* 510.7 36 Exports as a percentage of GDP* 86.7 15 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 Local supplier quantity 4.5 70 Local supplier quality 3.8 105 State of cluster development 3.8 59 Nature of competitive advantage 2.9 107 Value chain breadth 3.4 109 Control of international distribution 3.7 80 Production process sophistication 3.4 101 Extent of marketing 3.9 104 Willingness to delegate authority 3.3 112 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 Capacity for innovation 3.8 81 Quality of scientific research institutions 3.3 95 Company spending on R&D 3.3 57 University-industry collaboration in R&D 3.3 92 Gov’t procurement of advanced tech products 3.9 28 Availability of scientists and engineers 3.9 75 PCT patents, applications/million pop.* 0.2 91 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 8th pillar: Financial market development 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 4th pillar: Health and primary education 5th pillar: Higher education and training 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 Intensity of local competition 5.0 71 Extent of market dominance 3.8 64 Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy 3.7 77 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest 3.6 69 Total tax rate, % profits* 40.8 86 9th pillar: Technological readiness 10th pillar: Market size 11th pillar: Business sophistication 12th pillar: Innovation Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*) For further details and explanation, please refer to the section “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles” on page 89 © 2015 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2015–2016 | 367 ...2: Country/Economy Profiles Vietnam The Global Competitiveness Index in detail INDICATOR VALUE RANK/140 INDICATOR 1st pillar: Institutions VALUE... subscriptions/100 pop.* 31.0 83 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 Domestic market size index, 1–7 (best)* 4.5 35 Foreign market size index, 1–7 (best)* 5.7 25 GDP (PPP$ billions)* 510.7 36 Exports... the section “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles” on page 89 © 2015 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2015? ??2016 | 367