Microsoft Word 016 doc Proceedings of ICCTA2011 THE DESIGN OF WIRELESS REMOTE INTELLIGENT HOME SYSTEM BASED ON ZIGBEE AND GPRS Fuxing Yang1, Chanyuan Liu1, Zhongcai Pei2, Zhiyong Tang2 1 College of Au.
Proceedings of ICCTA2011 THE DESIGN OF WIRELESS REMOTE INTELLIGENT HOME SYSTEM BASED ON ZIGBEE AND GPRS Fuxing Yang1, Chanyuan Liu1, Zhongcai Pei2, Zhiyong Tang2 College of Automation, Beijing University of Posts andTelecommunication, Bejing 100876, China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, BeiHang University, Beijing 100191, China yangfx@bupt.edu.cn, liuchanyuan87@126.com, pzc68@yahoo.com.cn, zyt_76@yahoo.com.cn Abstract Intelligent home is an important application of wireless sensor network This paper introduces a remote wireless acquisition and control system based on Zigbee and GPRS The system is a star network and includes environment monitoring sensors, intelligent appliances, terminal acquisition and control nodes, family gateway and data display platform This system is low cost, low power consumption, more flexible to deploy and the coverage is very large The whole system not only can acquisition the environmental data and display them, but also can remotely query and control, the experiment show a good remote alarm and control ability The control system includes manually control mode and automatically control mode This paper introduces the composition and structure of the system, design of hardware and software are also described In the design process, the energy efficiency has been focused on Keywords: Wireless network, Zigbee, GPRS, Intelligent Home System Introduction Intelligent home system, also called intelligent home LAN, is a diverse structure net which comes up with modern family living style Intelligent home control system can be summarized as a control network Various intelligent household appliances connect with each other in the network The interconnection is the basis of data communication Intelligent control is the fundamental of home automation and home intelligent Zigbee is a new short-rang, low-rate wireless sensor technology, which is a cross between tag technology and Bluetooth wireless technology It used to be called for HmeRF Lite or FireFly wireless technology, mainly used for short-range wireless connection It has its own standards Zigbee is based on the IEEE8.2.15.4, which is a standard of the IEEE wireless network working group, known as IEEE8.2.15.4 technical standard With the development of modern wireless communication technology and automatic control technology, especially zigbee technology, we have a new way to get and process information Intelligent home system emerges in this situation Through the analysis of wireless sensor network, intelligent home system is established based on zigbee and GPRS The paper is organized as follows: Section gives the overall system architecture, practical scheme Hardware and software design is presented in Section and Section respectively In the design process, we will focus on energy efficiency The Section summarizes the results System architecture 2.1 Network topology Wireless sensor network configuration is divided into “peer-to-peer” and “master-slave” “peer-topeer” mode is the communication between any two nodes and connections All wireless nodes and access nodes are connected in “master-slave” mode Access node undertakes the work of wireless management and wired network connection Master-slave mode is the ideal low-power network configuration The Zigbee devices can be divided into full function devices (FFD) and reduced function devices (RFD) The FFD device can work as a Zigbee coordinator or router, but the RFD device can only be the Zigbee end device Zigbee network topology is varied, the main three kinds as follows: star network, cluster tree network and mesh network Star network is appropriate for small scale, low complexity and easy connection system Intelligent home system is simple and low power Taking into account the network cost and reliability, the star network is the best choice The star network topology is shown in Figure Terminal acquisition and control nodes have data processing and communication capability We can handle simply the data collection, particularly data fusion This handle process can greatly reduce the data traffic and energy consumption Compared with single sensor, the sensor network can change the detect targets and test contents based on user needs Figure Star networks topology 2.2 System composition A number of environment monitoring sensors and intelligent home appliances are connected to terminal acquisition and control nodes through wired or wireless way Terminal acquisition and control nodes send data to a gateway with wireless Meanwhile, gateway sends data to mobile base stations through a transmission network Transmission network is a localized network which is responsible for the coordination of gateway node So we use GPRS network in this system Comparing with other options, GPRS technology is more security and versatility Base station is a computer connected to the internet and sends the sensor data to data processing center It also has a local copy of the database to cache the latest sensor data Users can access the data center and send out order through PC, Phone or web page The Figure shows the system composition Each sensing region has a gateway to collect data of sensor nodes All the gateways are connected to the upper transmission network Transmission network has strong computing power and storage capacity This network guarantees the bandwidth and reliability of communication between the gateway node and base station Sensor network and the internet are connected through the base station The base station for the internet connection must have sufficient bandwidth and link reliability in order to avoid data loss Finally, the data is transferred to a central database and stored Central database provides remote data services Users can access central database from any terminal, then they can view data and send control commands Hardware design 3.1 Terminal nodes Terminal nodes are the core of the wireless sensor network and the source of all information They need collection, management, storage and integration of the local information In general, terminal nodes are tiny embedded system Their data processing capability is rather poor and storage capacity is limited Power supply module is batterypowered The block diagram of a terminal node is shown in Figure Figure System composition diagram Different types of environmental monitoring sensor nodes and intelligent home appliances are the bottom of the system Several sensors compose functional modules by simply program, such as gas leaking detection module, fire condition detection module and theft monitoring module The same sensor can also be used for different purposes The intelligent home appliance is the general household electrical appliance with a RF module such as air condition, TV, lamps and so on It provides a control capability by turning on and off a relay Figure Sensor node block diagram Terminal nodes mainly use battery However, battery power is very limited and ordinary battery’s stored energy is 2.2-2.5Ah Therefore, the design of hardware and software need to firstly consider the energy efficiency Total energy consumption in wireless sensor network is: Total Energy Consumption=Perceived Power + Processing Power +Send Total Energy Consumption + Receiving Total Energy Consumption Table Lists the energy consumption in common operations Table Energy consumption of common operations Sensor node operation Power consumption [nAh] Transmit a packet Receive a packet listening channel 1ms A simulated sample A digital sampling Read the ADC sampling data Read the flash data Flash programming 20.000 8.000 1.250 1.080 0.347 0.011 1.111 83.333 Most energy is consumed by the controller and RF Front-end Chip selection and design process should consider to reduce the power consumption of the node In the intelligent home system, we should make it sleep when the sensor node needn’t to execute collection in the current due to the low frequency of data collection Then terminal nodes close wireless communication module, data acquisition module, even the calculation module in order to save energy Sensor node circuit structure is shown in Figure ZigBee UART LCD I/O The CC2430 is a System-on-chip solution specifically tailored for IEEE.802.15.4 and Zigbee applications It integrates Zigbee RF front-end, microcontroller and memory CC2430 contains an 8-bit 8051 MCU, 8KB RAM, ADC, 128KB flash memory and 21 programmable I/O pins It is a cheap and low power consumption chip In the receive mode and transmit mode, the current loss is smaller than 27mA CC2430 has the capacity to change from sleep mode into active mode According to the above reasons, CC2430 is the best choice The performance of power management module is directly related to the stability and energy consumption of the node Power supply mode is divided into 12V DC power supply and 3V battery power supply DC-DC power module must be converted the voltage to 5V because some of the sensor’s voltage is higher than 3V To further reduce energy consumption, wireless communication module wakes up from sleep mode every 10 minutes, but main chip requires power all times In the system, main chip and wireless communication module need power supply separately Power supply of terminal node is shown in Figure +12 V +5VD DC12V Keyboard I/O SOFT DC/D STAR +12V C T NCP58 +5VD SLECTER Alarm +3.3VD NCP58 +3.3VD1 DC/DC PWM 3V RS485 DC/D +5VD C +5VD1 ARM Voltage Detection I/O Power Module Relay Digital I/O Port Analog Input Port Figure Sensor node circuit structure In hardware design, the intelligent home system mainly includes four parts: sensor module, processor module, wireless communication module and energy supply module The micro control unit for terminal node circuit is ARM9 chip STM32F103 This chip has 32-bit flash microcontroller based on ARM Cortex-M3 core, 256 to 512k bytes of flash memory, up to 48k bytes of SRAM, three modes (sleep, stop and standby modes) and supports SRAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND memories This chip is developed specifically for embedded applications, so it has quick interrupt response speed, low power consumption and high level of integration Figure Power supply of terminal node 3.2 The design and implement of the gateway Gateway is the remote transmission equipment Zigbee low-speed wireless sensor network and high-speed internet network connect with each other through gateway On the Zigbee network, gateway is a network coordinator and can integrate the measurement data The data is sent to the remote mobile base stations by GPRS module after the micro-processing At the same time, the gateway receives instructions from the remote data center and sent instructions to each terminal node The micro control unit of the gateway circuit is also STM32F103 chip Zigbee module of the gateway is also CC2430 chip Gateway circuit structure is shown in Figure 4.1 Gateway workflow Firstly we must complete system initialization includes system clock initialization, receiver buffer pool initialization, initialization of the microprocessor IO, serial initialization and RF wireless transmission initialization RF wireless transmission initialization includes hardware abstraction initialization, transceiver information configuration, transceiver state initialization, the selection of band, output power, network ID and data transfer rate Finally, we execute the enable CRC checking Figure Gateway circuit structure GPRS communication module sends data (GPRS mode) and short messages (GSM mode) using SIM900 SIM900 and MCU connected with each other through SPI SIM900A is a 2-frequency GPRS module with the working frequency band EGSM900MHZ and DCS1800MHZ Its size is only 24mmh24mmh3mm and the lowest current consumption is only 1.0mA in sleep mode Meanwhile, it supports SIM card and standard 8wire serial interface Then the gateway gets into the listening state When terminal node is assigned 16-bit segment address when it asks to join the network At the same time, gateway collects data when the terminal node wakes up from sleep by the timer The data is transferred to PC management system software for data display and processing or to ARM processor through the serial port After that the data is transferred to host computer through the GPRS module Flow diagram of the gateway is shown in Figure Figure shows the functional block diagram of SIM900A and describes the main features section Figure The functional block diagram of SIM900A Software design The software of the system which is compiled based on the basis of the MAC layer in IEEE802.15.4 protocol, has the advantages of simple code and flexible expansibility compared with the public development platform provided by Zigbee manufacturer The sleep/wakeup work mode and time synchronization algorithms are adopted in the programming to keep the low power consumption which leads to long life span of the system Figure Flow diagram of the gateway 4.2 Gateway workflow Conclusions Firstly, we must complete system initialization as same as the gateway After the state transition of the wireless module, terminal node sends broadcast packets to search the web and listens for reply packet It sets the network short address, receives time and wakeup parameters and enters the sleep timer wakeup module if the terminal node receives a response package Innovation of this system is: Achieve real-time collection of sensor data which record home environment conditions and equipment status Realize the remote monitoring of home state with alarm function The software of the system which is compiled based on the basis of the MAC layer in IEEE802.15.4 protocol Sleep-wake up work mode and time synchronization algorithm are adopted in the programming to keep the low power consumption Analysis of the node power consumption verifies the correctness of hardware and software Terminal node follows the sleep mode—wakeup mode—work mode—sleep mode sequence Flow diagram of the terminal node is shown in Figure System integrated debugging results show that: The system has a good working stability and accuracy of measurement Network nodes are very small, easy to install Have a strong advantage in low power and low cost The system has good versatility and scalability System function will be more complete by increasing the relevant sensors References [1] Huiling Zhou, Fangying Zhang, Jingjun Liu A Reak-time Monitoring and Controlling System for Grain Storage with Zigbee Sensor Network[C] WiCOM 2009,September 24-26, 2009, Beijing, China [2] Halit Eren, Emran Fadzil“Technical Challlenges for Wireless Instrument Networks-A Case Study with ZigBee,” IEEE Applications Symposium San Diego, California USA, 6-8 February 2007 IEEE [3] L.L Liang, L.F Huang, x.y Jiang, V.Yao, “Design and Impemention of Wireless Smarthome Sensor Network Based On Zigbee Protocal,” International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems, 2008 PP.434-438 [4] Yue Ruan, Ying Tang, “a water quality monitoring system based on wireless sensor network & solar power supply” 2011 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Technology in Autonmation, Control, and Interlligent Systems [5] Yang Ting, Wang Xiaochan, “Design on Automatic Drip Irrigation System Based on Wireless Network” [J] MODEN ELECTRONICS TECHNIQUE, 2010,18(6):1332-1338 [6] A Brandt, J.Buron,G Porcu, “Home Automation Routing Requriements in Low Power an Lossy Networks” IETF, November 2009 [7] SIMCOM.SIM900A_HD_CN_V.03.2010M Figure Flow diagram of the terminal node ... record home environment conditions and equipment status Realize the remote monitoring of home state with alarm function The software of the system which is compiled based on the basis of the MAC... of SIM900A and describes the main features section Figure The functional block diagram of SIM900A Software design The software of the system which is compiled based on the basis of the MAC layer... reliability of communication between the gateway node and base station Sensor network and the internet are connected through the base station The base station for the internet connection must have