Có tất cả các ngữ pháp bạn cần để ôn thi tốt nghiệp năm 12. Giúp bạn có thể nắm bắt được tất cả các kiến thức cần thiết để ôn thi. Giúp nâng cao thành tích điểm của bạn trong kì thi tốt nghiệp trung học phổ thông
1 Irregular verbs Tenses in English Structures: Passive voice: Gerunds and infinitives: Reduced Clauses: Coordinating Conjunctions: Part of speech: Comparisons: Double Comparisons: The Indefinite Articles: Relative Clause: “Cleft” Sentences 10.Reported Speech: Gerunds And Infinitives Reported Speech: 11.Conditional Sentences: 12.How To Pronounce The Ending Sounds S/ES/ED: 13.Modal Verbs: Noun Clause After “Wish/If only”: 14.Tag Questions: 15.Phrases: 16.Subject and Verb Concord: 17.Communicative skills: 18.Phrases and clauses of Purpose/Contrast/Reason: Phrases and clauses of Result 19 Inversion IRREGULAR VERBS no 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 infinitive be (am/is/are) bear become begin bite blow break bring build burn* buy catch choose come cost cut dig draw dream* drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find fit fly forget forgive freeze get give go grow hang have hear hide hit hold hurt keep know past simple was/were bore became began bit blew broke brought built burnt bought caught chose came cost cut dug did drew dreamt drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found fit flew forgot forgave froze got gave went grew had heard hid hit held hurt kept knew past participle been born become begun bitten blown broken brought built burnt bought caught chosen come cost cut dug done drawn dreamt drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found fit flown forgot(ten) forgiven frozen got(ten) given gone grown had heard hidden hit held hurt kept known meaning thì, là, ở sinh trở nên bắt đầu cắn thổi làm vỡ mang xây dựng đốt cháy mua bắt được chọn lựa đến trị giá cắt đào làm vẽ mơ uống lái xe ăn té xuống cho ăn cảm thấy đánh tìm thấy vừa vặn bay quên tha thứ động lạnh đạt được cho mọc treo có, dùng nghe che giấu đụng cầm, nắm, tổ chức làm đau giữ biết 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 lead leave lend let lose make mean meet overcome pay put quit read ride ring rise run say see sell send set shut sing sit sleep smell speak speed spell spend spread steal stand sweep swim take teach tell think throw understand wake wear weep win write led left lent let lost made meant met overcame paid put quit read rode rang rose ran said saw sold sent set shut sang sat slept smelt spoke sped spelt spent spread stole stood swept swam took taught told thought threw understood woke wore wept won wrote led left lent let lost made meant met overcome paid put quit read ridden rung risen run said seen sold sent set shut sung sat slept smelt spoken sped spelt spent spread stolen stood swept swum taken taught told thought thrown understood woken worn wept won written dẫn dắt rời khỏi cho mượn để cho đánh mất làm nghĩa là gặp vượt qua trả tiền đặt, để từ bỏ, thoát đọc cưỡi, đạp xe reo, rung nhô, mọc lên chạy nói thấy bán gửi xếp đặt đóng lại hát ngồi ngủ ngửi nói tăng tốc đánh vần tiêu sài, trải qua lan truyền đánh cắp đứng quét bơi lội cầm, nắm dạy bảo, kể suy nghĩ ném hiểu đánh thức mặc, đội khóc thắng viết TENSES IN ENGLISH - thói quen, phong tục - hành động thường xuyên ở hiện tại - chân lí, một sự thật hiển nhiên đúng - Sự thật hiện hữu: tên, tuổi, nghề nghiệp, chỗ ở, quốc tịch, sở thích (like, diskile…), ý muốn (want, need…), sở hữu, lực (understand, know…), trạng thái… ở hiện tại - o, ch, s, x, sh, z + es SIMPLE PRESENT BE (am, is., are) - S + am, is, are - S + am, is, are + not - Am, is, are + S … ? HAVE (have, has) - I, We, You, They, S plural + have He, She, It, S singuar + has - I, We, You, They, S plu + don’t have He, She, It, S sing + doesn’t have -Do + I, We, You, They, S plu + have? Does + I He, She, It, S sing + have? DONG TU THUONG - I, We, You, They, S plural + Vo He, She, It, S singuar + Vs/es - I, We, You, They, S plu + don’t Vo He, She, It, S sing + doesn’t Vo -Do + I, We, You, They, S plu + Vo? Does + I He, She, It, S sing + Vo? - hành động đã xảy và hoàn tất quá khứ (thường biết rõ thời gian) -1 thói quen,1 phong tục, hành động thường xuyên ở quá khứ (nay không còn nữa) thường có USED TO + Vo - sự kiện lịch sử, nhân vật lịch sử - Những hành động xảy liên tiếp quá khứ SIMPLE PAST BE (was, were) -I, He, She, It, S sing + was We, You, They, S plu + were -S + was, were + not -Was, were + S … ? DONG TU THUONG - S + Ved/2 - S + didn’t + Vo - Did + S + Vo … ? SIMPLE FUTURE - Một hành động xảy tương lai - Thì TLĐ thường đứng sau những động từ diễn tả ý kiến, sự tiên đoán, giả thuyết của người nói tương lai (think, believe, know, doubt, be sure, be afraid, hope, expect, promise … ) - Sắp xảy tương lai gần, một dự định (chưa có kế hoạch) - Một sự tiên đoán tong tương lai (có cứ) NEAR FUTURE - S + am/is/are + going to + Vo - S + am/is/are + not + going to + Vo - Am/Is/Are + S + going to + Vo - Một hành động xảy lúc nói ở hiện tại (có tính cách tạm thời) - Sự sắp xếp hay kế hoạch tương lai -be + always/constanly + Ving - Diễn tả hành động lập lập lại nhiều lần gây khó chịu cho người nói *Note: với BE ta thay bằng thì HTĐ PRESENT CONTINUOUS - S + am/is/sre + Ving - S + am/is/sre + not + Ving - Am/Is/Are + S + Ving … ? be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, seem, forget, remember,… Với Verbs này, ta thay bằng thì HTĐ - S + will/shall + Vo S + won’t/shan’t + Vo Will/Shall + S + Vo 2A Always Constanly Usually Frequently Regularly Sometimes Occasionally Often Seldom Rarely Every (day) Once a week Twice a month All the time From time to time (every) now and then Once in a while Never Yesterday The day before yesterday (a week) ago Last (week) In + nam qua khu This (morning) Form (1990) to (1995) For + khoang thoi gian Tomorrow The day after tomorrow Next (week) Tonight Soon Someday This (week) In a month Now Right now At the moment = At this time At present Presently Today Look! Listen! Be careful! Be quiet! 10 11 - Một hành động xảy ở một thời điểm quá khứ - Một hành động xảy (QKTD) thì có một hành động ngắn khác xen vào (QKĐ) - Hai hành động xảy song song cùng lúc (QKTD) *Note: với BE ta thay bằng thì QKĐ - Bắt đầu quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại hoặc tương lai - Vừa mới xảy - Xảy nhiều lần không phải thường xuyên - Xảy rồi quá khứ không rõ thời gian - Xảy rồi quá khứ thời gian chưa trôi qua - Xảy rồi quá khứ kết quả vẫn còn ở hiện tại Bắt đầu quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại (hoặc tương lai) nhấn mạnh tính chất liện tục của hành động - Xảy trước một thời điểm quá khứ - Xảy trước hành động khác quá khứ Bắt đầu quá khứ kéo dài đến thời điểm quá khứ khác và nhấn mạnh tính chất liên tục của hành động - Xảy trước một thời điểm tương lai (by + TG TL) - Xảy trước hành động khác tương lai Một hành động xảy ở một thời điểm tương lai 12 PAST CONTINUOUS - S + was/were + Ving S + was/were + not + Ving Was/Were + S + Ving … ? PRESENT PERFECT - S + have/has + Ved/3 S + have/has + not + Ved/3 Have/Has + S + Ved/3 Be to + place PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS S + have/has + been + Ving S + have/has + not + been + Ving Have/Has + S + been + Ving … ? PAST PERFECT - Then = At the moment At last night On this day last week In this season last year At this moment/time, yesterday All day yesterday All last month The whole month Between p.m and p.m yesterday For + khoang thoi gian Since + moc thoi gian Just (sau HAVE / HAS) Before (cuoi cau) Already Never (sau HAVE / HAS) Ever Yet (PĐ & NV, cuoi cau) Not yet Recently Lately Several times / The first time So far, up to now Until now, Up to the present During (in) the past (last) few years How long For + khoang thoi gian + now Since + moc thoi gian All afternoon Lately …… Up to then (mai cho den luc o QK) By/Before + thoi gian QK S + had + Ved/3 S + had + not + Ved/3 Had + S + Ved/3 … ? PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS S + had + been + Ving S + had + not + been + Ving Had + S + been + Ving … ? FUTURE PERFECT Up to then (mai cho den luc o TL) By/Before + thoi gian TL S + will/shall + have + Ved/3 S + won’t/shan’t + have + Ved/3 Will/Shall + S + have + Ved/3 … ? FUTURE CONTINUOUS S + will/shall + be + Ving S + won’t/shan’t + be + Ving Will/Shall + S + be + Ving … ? At this time tomorrow STRUCTURES 2B After: sau (THQK) After + QKHT, QKĐ Before / By the time: trước (THQK) Before/By the time + QKĐ, QKHT 𝐻𝑇𝐻𝑇 Since: từ + Since + QKĐ 𝐻𝑇𝐻𝑇𝑇𝐷 While: (THQK) While +QKTD +QKTD (Đang xảy ra) (Đang xảy ra) + QKĐ (Ngắn xen vào) EX: The light (go) went out while I (study) was studying When / as: khi, thì, lúc (THQK) When/as + QKĐ, QKTD (Ngắn xen vào – Đang xảy ra) When/as + QKĐ, QKHT (Xảy sau – Xảy trước) When/as + QKĐ, QKĐ (Hành động ngắn liên tiếp Thói quen khứ (often, usually used to + V0) A boy, a girl, a child, small, young, at school,… ) EX: I (know) knew how to swim when I was This is the first time + S +VHTHT S + have/has + never (not) + Ved/3………before EX: This is the first time I have seen her => I have never seen her before S + 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒏 + to V/Ving/N ………adv of QKĐ S + have/has (been Ving) + Ved/3 ……… since + point of time for + period of time EX: I started learning French three years ago I have learnt French for three years 𝒊𝒔 It + 𝒉𝒂𝒔 𝒃𝒆𝒆𝒏 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 S+ + sometime + since + S + (last) + Ved/2 + not + Ved/3 ……… ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 + 𝑆 𝑆+(𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 + 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 + 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑠 + Ved/2 ……… KTG ago In + nam qua khu Yesterday Last year When + S + Ved/2 EX: a) I last saw Peter weeks ago b) I have not seen Peter for weeks c) It has been weeks since I last saw Peter d) The last time I saw Peter was weeks ago Mãi khi: not…… until…… It was not until 𝑵 𝑺+𝑽 + that + S + Ved/2 => Not until + 𝑁 𝑆+𝑉 + Interrogative from a) She didn’t talk to me until last Monday b) It was not until last Monday that she talked to me c) Not until last Monday did she talk to me 10 Vừa mới……… (lại) S + had + no sooner + Ved/3 ……… than + S + Ved/2 hardly when scarcely when (Xảy trước) (Xảy sau) *Đảo ngữ: No sooner + had + S + Ved/3 ……… than + S + Ved/2 Hardly when Scarcely when EX: (Xảy trước) (Xảy sau) a) They had no sooner eaten dinner than the ceiling crashed on to the dining table Hardly had they eaten dinner when the ceiling crashed on to the dining table No sooner had they eaten dinner than the ceiling crashed on to the dining table b) The police rang the doorbell just after we arrived home No sooner had we arrived home than the police rang the doorbell c) As soon as I got off the bus, it crashed into the back of car Hardly had I got off the bus when it crashed into the back of car d) The doctor had hardly fallen asleep when the telephone woke him up again No sooner had the doctor fallen asleep than the telephone woke him up again PASIVE VOICE Active Voice Pasive Voive Example Simple Present S + Vo/s/es S + am/is/are + Ved/3 They spend a lot of money on advertising every year A lot of money is spent on advertising every year S + Ved/2 S + was/were + Ved/3 They didn’t invited David to parties David wasn’t invited to parties S + am/is/are + Ving S + am/is/are + being + Ved/3 She is taking care of the baby girl The baby girl is being taken care of S + was/were + being + Ved/3 The committee was considering some new project Some new project was being considered by the committee Simple Past Present Continuous Past Continuous S + was/were + Ving Present Perfect S + have/has + been + Ved/3 She hasn’t finished the letter yet The letter has not been finished yet S + have/has + Ved/3 Just, never, ever Quickly, well Past Perfect S + had + Ved/3 S + had + been + Ved/3 He had locked the door before he went out The door had been locked before he went out S + will + Vo S + will be + Ved/3 We will our exercise tomorrow Our exercise will be done tomorrow S + will + have + Ved/3 S + will + have + been + Ved/3 They will have destroyed the building The building will have been destroyed Will/would Can/could May/might Must Have to Had to Has to Used to Be going to Should/ought to Will/would Can/could May/might Must Have to Had to Has to Used to Be going to Should/ought to To V Ving Vo To be + Ved/3 Being + Ved/3 Be + Ved/3 Simple Future Future Perfect Modal Verbs 10 to V form 11 make, see, hear, watch … V + O + Vo Be + Ved/3 + to V You have to put your coat here Your coat has to be put here + be + Ved/3 Tom can’t translate this novel fluently This novel can’t be fluently translated by Tom People saw him fall out of the window He was seen to fall out of the window 12 Two objects Be + Ved/3 to Ongười S + V + Ongười + Ovật S + V + Ovật + 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟 + Ongười Jack gave Helen a rose on her birthday Helen was given a rose on her birthday by Jack A rose was given to Helan on her birthday by Jack Be + bought / made / get for Ongười He bought his mother these flowers These flowers were bought for his mother *Notes: - by people, them, someone, somebody,… - by me, you, him, her, us,… - by nobody, no one, nothing - by + O CAUSATIVE FORMS Active Form S+ Passive Form S+ ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒/𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒/𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 + Ongười + 𝑉𝑜 𝑡𝑜 𝑉 + Ovật + Ovật + Ved/3 (by + Ongười) PASSIVE VOICE WITH REPORTING VERBS Reporting verbs Say, report, believe, think, understand, know, They/People say that + S2 + V2 suppose, rumour, expect, hope, predict,… It is said that + S2 + V2 S2 + be + said + to V - People say that he has a pricesless collection of to have Ved/3 stamps to be Ving (1) It’s said that he has a pricesless collection of to V: cùng thì or V2 xảy sau V1 stamps (2) He is said to have a pricesless collection of to have Ved/3: khác thì or V2 xảy trước V1 .to be Ving: xảy stamps - People say that the strom destroyed te village (1) It’s said that the strom destroyed te village (2) The strom is said to have destroyed the village - They said that Jane was working in London (1) It was said that Jane was working in London (2) Jane was said to work in London NHỮNG LỖI SAI THƯỜNG GẶP KHI LÀM BÀI TẬP CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI 1) ‘s Cả is và has đều có cách viết rút gọn là ‘s EX: He’ lived in London for years, hasn’t he? He’s your lawyer, isn’t he? This building’s built by Jack, isn’t it? 2) ‘d ‘d là viết tắt của would hoặc had - had better - would rather had + Ved/3 would like would love would + Vo PHRASES fill in: điền vào 15 ask for: yêu cầu give up, drop out of, leave: từ bỏ wait for: chờ (wait for my mother = a wait my mother) take off: cất cánh, cởi apply (to sb) for sth: bắt làm gì put on: hạ cách, mặc vào talk about: nói về turn off = switch off: tắt talk to / with sb: nói với sb turn on = switch on: mở leave London: rời London wash up: rửa chén leave for London: London look at: nhìn come up: lên look up: nhìn lên bring up: mang lên 10 look for: tìm kiếm 10 cool off: giải nhiệt get up: thức dậy give in: nhường, nhượng lie down: nằm xuống = take a break: nghỉ ngơi grow up: phát triển, lớn lên go in: vào wait up: chờ go out: ngoài, chơi watch out – look out: trông chừng go away: stay on: tiếp tục lại go on - go on with – continue - keep on: tiếp tục speak up: nói lớn lên hurry up: nhanh chóng catch up with: theo kịp turn round: quay lại keep up with: theo kịp sit down: ngồi xuống keep pace with – keep in touch with: theo kịp 10 stand up: đứng lên 10 fall behind: tụt lại phía sau – lỗi thời turn up – show up – arrive – appear: xuất hiện call on: ghé thăm take after – be similar to – look like - resemble: tương tự call off: hủy bỏ look after – take care of – care for: chăm sóc think back on, recall: nghĩ ngược lại get over – overcome – recover from: vượt qua, phục hồi từ talk back to: nói chuyện lại với hold – stop – delay – put off – postpone: trì hoãn, dừng dispose of: loại bỏ try out – test: kiểm tra carry out: thực hiện go off – explode: nổ (bom), reo (đồng hồ) belong to: thuộc về set up – establish: thiết lập break down: bị hỏng jot down – note down – write down – take note: ghi chú hear from: nghe từ 10 participate in: tham gia 10 pick up: nhặt, cầm listen to: lắng nghe take on: gánh vác point at: chỉ vào take over: tiếp quản laught at: cười lớn, cười chế nhạo pass away: qua đời glance at: liếc nhìn stand out: nổi bật stare at: nhìn chầm chầm turn out: tắt speak to sb: nói chụn với sb turn down: từ chới write to sb: viết thư cho sb object to: phản đối invite sb to: mời sb đến respond to: đáp lại explain sth to sb: giải thích sth cho sb check in: nhận phòng 10 throw … at: ném … vào 10 check out: trả phòng come up with: nghĩ agree on: đồng ý keep in touch with: giữ liên lạc với agree with: đồng ý với lose touch with – lose contact with: mất liên lạc với believe in: tin vào lose one’s temper: mất bình tĩnh be capable of: có khả deal with: giải be famous of: nổi tiếng về try on: mặc thử be good for: tốt cho go over: vượt run out of: cạn kiệt prefect … to: thích put up with: chịu đựng take up: nhặt lên cut down on: cắt giảm 10 break in / into: ngắt lời 10 get on with: hòa hợp với Refer to, mention: đề cập 10 (be) aware of: nhận come across: tình cờ gặp (be) absorbed in: say mê put out: đặt make sense: hợp lí introduce…to: giới thiệu…cho live / lead a simple life: sống sống giản dị get on: leo lên take an exam / acourse: dự thi get along: xoay sở được be keen on: hăng hái drop in on sb: ghé thăm bất ngờ sb break out: bùng nổ base on: dựa vào/trên be good at: giỏi về come on: làm tiếp đi, mà be proud of: tự hào về 10 concentrate on, focus on: tập trung 10 provide with, provide sth for sb, provide sb with sth give off: tỏa 11 living standards: mức sống smell of: ngửi living conditions: hồn cảnh sớng die of: chết vì me a favour: giúp việc be concerned about: lo lắng về make progress: tiến triển approve of: tán thành get / be involved in: tham gia vào think of/about: nghĩ về look down upon / on: coi thường keep me occupied: làm bận rộn look forward to: mong đợi conduct a survey: tiến hành khảo sát watch out for: đề phòng tell … apart: phân biệt specialize in: chuyên về 10 suffer … from: chịu đựng … vì 10 (be) engaged in: tham dự vào take with, bring sth with: mang theo 12 rely on, depend on: phụ thuộc vào succeed in, manage to sth: thành công face up to: đối mặt search for: tìm kiếm be absent from: vắng mặt prepare for: chuẩn bị be present at: có mặt take back to: nói phía sau, trả treo be afraid of: sợ apologise for: xin lỗi be different of: khác với protect from: bảo vệ khỏi be foud of: thích run of with: cạn kiệt be full of: đầy ắp save…from: cứu…khỏi be sad about: buồn về 10 specialse in: chuyên về 10 be harmful to: có hại cho 13 14 15 16 SUBJECT AND VERB CONCORD Both Either Neither Not only SUBJECT (S) and S2 and S1 S1 S1 or or nor but also prep as well as along with together with accompainied by like / such as VERB Vsố nhiều VS2 S2 S2 VS1 Những danh từ không tận cùng bằng s mang nghĩa số nhiều: People, cattle, poultry, police, public, military (child) – children (tooth) – teeth (foot) – feet (man) – men (woman) – women (ox) – oxen (goose) – geese (louse) – lice (mouse) – mice Vsố nhiều Những danh từ tận cùng bằng s mang nghĩa số ít: News, means, billiards … Diseases: mumps, rickets, measles, aids … Subjects: physics, mathematics (math, maths), linguistics, phonetics, statistics, athletics, gymnastics, politics, economics … Proper names: The United States, The United Nations, Wales, Jones … A title of a books, a films, a story, an article …: Tom and Jerry, Sleepless Nights, Romeo and Juliet … The + adj a group of people The + adj a quality 16 The poor, The rich The young, The old The deaf, The dumb The blind, The disable The homeless, The unemployed The injured Vsố ít Vsố nhiều Vsố ít Vsố nhiều the good \the bad the evil Vsố ít the English, the Vietnamese, the French … Vsố nhiều Nouns of weight time money value distance Noun clause Vsố ít that wh_ S+V if / whether Vsố ít Ving To V a numner of + Nsố nhiều the number of + Nsố ít Someone, somebody, something Anyone, anybody, anything 10 No one, nobody, nothing Everyone, everybody, everything Vsố nhiều Vsố nhiều Vsố ít 11 Each / Every + Nít Each / Every + Nít + and + Each / Every + Nít Each / Every / One + of + the/TTSH + Nnhiều Vsố ít 12 There + be + N Chia theo N Từ chỉ số lượng 13 Phân số Phần trăm Chia theo N Collective nouns: class, family, army, group, team, staff, crowd, committee, councll,… 14 - referred to the numbers - considered as a whole Vsố nhiều Vsố ít COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS 17 Greetings Lời chào Good morning, Mr Brown Good afternoon, Dr Olson Good evening, Mrs Robert Hello, Long Nice to meet you again Hi, Paul Pleased to meet you again Morning, Li I'm glad to meet you again How you do? Gặp lần đầu Saying goodbye Goodbye Goodbye for now Good night Bye See you next week Bye See you later / soon / again Bye Catch you later Liên lạc bạn sau Bye Have a nice weekend ( Answer: The same to you) Bye Take care Bảo trọng So long Tạm biệt Hỏi thăm sức khỏe A How are you? How are you today? How are you tonight? How are you doing? What are you doing these days? Are you doing okay? B - I'm fine, thanks And you? - We're fine, thanks And how are you? - Fine, thank you And you? - I am doing very well, thank you And you? - Great, thanks What about you? - Not bad You? - So so Tạm biệt Compliments Compliments Answers - You really have a beautiful blouse - How beautiful your watch is! - Your hair is terrific! - Your hairstyle is terrific! - What a lovely baby you have! - Your English is a lot better I really enjoy your speaking club - I thought your tennis game was a lot better today - I didn't know you could play badminton so well - Thank you That's a nice compliment - Thanks I'm glad you like it - Thank you I'm glad you enjoy it - Thanks for your compliment I'm glad you like it - Thanks It's very nice of you to say so - Thanks It's very encouraging - You've got to be kidding I thought it was terrible - You must be kidding! I thought the game was terrible Giving opinions, agreements or disagreements Giving opinions - In my opinion - From my point of view - As I see it - I think … - I (strongly) believe - I must say that - Tell me what you think about ? - I suppose … Agreeing and Disagreeing: Agreeing I agree with you Disagreeing + You could be right but I think …… I totally agree with you + Actually, I think that I agree completely + I don't agree with you I couldn't agree with you more + No, that's wrong I can't agree with you more + I don't think so because… There's no doubt about it + I don't think that… You can say that again + You're right, but You're right + I don't quite agree with you because That's true + What nonsense! That's (just) what I think + I'm afraid I don't agree I think so Absolutely./Sure / Definitely/ Exactly Invitation Would you like + toV? I would like to invite you to Acceptance: Yes, I'd like to/Yes, I'd love to/ It is a great idea / That sounds great /Why not? /Let's that Refusal: I'm afraid I can't I'm busy now/Some other time, perhaps/ I'd love to but Would you like + N? - Yes, please - No, thanks Would / Do you mind + Ving? + TTSH + Ving? + if +S+V ? Agree: Not at all / No / of course not Apologizing Apologizing Response - Oh, sorry - It's OK - Sory about that - That's OK - I'm sorry… - Don't worry about it - Oh no! Did I that? I'm sorry - Oh, that's alright - I'm sorry I didn't mean to - That's quite all right - Forgive me I'm terribly sorry about - It doesn't matter - Please accept my apologies for - I understand completely - I'd like to apologize for - You really don't have to apologise for - You don't need to apologise - It's not your fault - No problem - Forget it - Never mind - Please don't blame on yourself Khi gặp bạn nhìn vẻ mặt khơng được ởn Ta hỏi: What's the matter with you? What's wrong with you? What's the problem? What's with you? Trả lời: I feel very tired I've got a cold 10 Making suggestions How about / What about ? + Ving/N: còn … thì Chúng ta hãy Let's + Vo Shall we ? + Vo Why don't we ? Tại chúng ta không What you think about .? I suggest … Ving I'd like to suggest … Ving * Accepting: + Great! + That sounds great! + Sounds good + OK Let's that + That's a good idea + Yes, let's * Refusing: - I don't think that's a good idea - That's not the case 11 Thanking - Thank you - You're welcome - Thanks - Never mind - Thanks a lot - Not at all - Many thanks - Don't mention it - Thank you very much for - Forget it - I am thankful / grateful to you for - It's my pleasure (to help you) - It was so kind of you to invite us - I'm glad I could help - It was the least I could for you nice good 12 Asking permission May / Can I ? Acceptance: Sure / Certainly / Of course / OK/Go ahead Refusal: I'm afraid you can't / I don't think you can 13 Offering Shall I ? Acceptance: Thanks / Thank you / Yes, please / That is great Refusal: No, please / No That's OK / Thanks, but I can manage PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF PURPOSE Động từ mệnh đề chỉ mục đích I try to study to pass my next exam I try to study in order to pass my next exam I try to study so as to pass my next exam She got up early so as not to miss the bus He studies hard in order not to fail in the exam I try my best to study English in order that I can find a better job He hurried so that he wouldn't miss the train We whispered lest anyone hear (should hear)our conversation We whispered for fear that anyone hear (should hear)our conversation * Phrases of purpose (Affirmative) KĐ – Để S + V ………to V in order (for O) to V so as to V * Phrases of purpose (Negative) PĐ – Để không S + V ………in order (for O) not to V so as not to V * Clauses of purpose Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích S + V ………in order that so that can / could + S + may / might + Vo will / would * Clauses of purpose Để …… không S + V ……… lest for fear that + S + Vo + should Phrases and clauses of purpose trả lời cho câu hỏi + Vo 18A PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONTRAST / REASON We couldn't finish the test in time because it was very difficult Lan didn't go to school yesterday because of being sick She was unable to run because of her leg injury Notes because since Bởi vì as seeing that Vì thấy rằng because of the fact that Vì sự việc now that Vì rằng for fear that Vì sợ rằng owing to because of due to in view of on account of as a result of thanks to +S+V + Ving / N (S1 = S2) , so , thus , hence +S+V Therefore, Consequently, As a result, As a consequence, For this reason, Accordingly, +S+V *Trước Ving có thể có TTSH Although she was hungry, she didn't eat much In spite of working hard, he failed the exam They enjoyed their holiday despite the rain Notes although though even though in spite of the fact that despite the fact that +S+V adj/adv + as, though + S + V, main clause Although + (S + be) + adj, main clause (S1 = S2) while / whereas No matter what (+N) No matter how (+ adj/adv) No matter when No matter where NOTES No matter what = whatever No matter how = however in spite of S + V + despite regardless of + N / Ving (S1 = S2) , but , yet However, Nevertheless, On the other hand, On the contrary, In contrast (to …) Moretheless, +S+V PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF RESULT Quá…đến nỗi: S + V + so + 𝑎𝑑𝑣 𝑎𝑑𝑗 *Đảo ngữ: So + + that + S + V 𝑎𝑑𝑣 𝑎𝑑𝑗 + thể nghi vấn (Vđb +S or do/does/did+S+V) + … S + V + adj + a/an + N + that … S + V + such + a/an + adj + N + that … S + V + such + adj + Nđđsn + that… S + V + such + adj + Nkđđ + that… (Nkđđ: weather, information, work, housework, homework, tea, coffee, milk, water, furniture, health ) *Đảo ngữ: Thể nghi vấn + V + S + that… EX1: The tea is so hot that he can’t drink it It is such hot tea that he can’t drink it So hot is the tea that he can’t drink it EX2: She walked so fast that I couldn’t follow her Quá nhiều…đến nỗi: S + V + so many + (adj) + Nđđsn + that + S + V S + V + so much + (adj) + Nkđđ Quá ít…đến nỗi: S + V + so few + (adj) + Nđđsn + that + S + V S + V + so litter + (adj) + Nkđđ Quá…không thể: S + V + too + 𝑎𝑑𝑣 𝑎𝑑𝑗 (for O) + to V Đủ để: S+V+ 𝑎𝑑𝑣 𝑎𝑑𝑗 + enough (for O) + to V S + V + enough + N (for O) + to V 18B INVERSION Đảo ngữ 19 Negative word / Semi-negative word/Negative groups of word Inversion Forms: Đảo Vđb trước S: - am, is, are, was, were - can, may, might, … - have, has, had Do / Does / Did + S + V +S+V Hardly , Rarely, Scarely Barely, Seldom Hiếm Hardly / Scarcely when No sooner than Vừa mới…… thì Never Never before Never in one’s life Chưa bao giờ Chưa bao giờ trước Chưa bao giờ … đời Nowhere No longer Không còn Only Only later / then Only by / at / in / on / within + N Only when / after / if + S + V Little + N No +N Not Not since + S + V Not until + clause / phrase Not only thể nghi vấn … but also Nor Adj Adv of frequency (Often, Many a time ) So + adj/adv Such + V + S + that In no way In no case Under no circumstances By no means At no time On no account Chỉ Chỉ sau Chỉ bằng cách Chỉ khi, sau khi, Quá, rất ít Không Mãi Không những … mà còn Cũng không thể + nghi vấn ... everybody These Those Everything Something Anything Nothing KĐ they? PĐ they? This ……… it? That Ving to V Noun Clause that + S + V wh_ + S + V Whether + S + V - I think, believe, suppose, assume,... S Nthing/animal + which + V that This is the book (which) I like best O Nthing/animal + which + S + V that x He passed the final exam, which made us surprised Main clause, which + Vsingular this:... /t/ filmed flirted /id/ 10 concerned 11 maintained 12 agreed 13 appeared 14 confided /id/ 15 robbed /S/ 12 /Z/ t,p, f, k, th thi? ??u, phương, pháp, khó, thành *Note: laugh (f) cough (f)0 * te (t),