Fundamentals of Telecommunications ppt

[...]... Appendix B Review of Fundamentals of Electricity with Telecommunication Applications A.1 Objective A.2 What Is Electricity? A.2.1 Electromotive Force (EMF) and Voltage A.2.2 Resistance A.3 Ohm’s Law A.3.1 Voltages and Resistances in a Closed Electric Circuit A.3.2 Resistance of Conductors A.4 Resistances in Series and in Parallel, and Kirchhoff’s Laws A.4.1 Kirchhoff’s First Law A.4.2 Kirchhoff’s Second... another form of signaling Once the called subscriber goes off-hook (i.e., takes the telephone out of its cradle), there is activated connectivity, and the call enters the information-passing phase or phase 2 of the telephone call When the call is completed, the telephones at each end are returned to their cradle, breaking the circuit of each subscriber loop This, of course, is analogous to turning off a light;... possibility is to build a private network using any one or a combination of fiber optics, copper wire line, line -of- sight microwave, and satellite communications Some private networks take on the appearance of a mini-PSTN 1.3 INTRODUCTORY TOPICS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS An overall telecommunications network (i.e., the PSTN) consists of local networks interconnected by one or more long-distance networks The... signaling It was located after our generic discussion of data and enterprise networks The novice would be lost in the explanation of System 7 without a basic understanding of data communications I have borrowed heavily from my many years of giving seminars, both at Northeastern University and at the University of Wisconsin–Madison The advantage of the classroom is that the instructor can stop and reiterate... the number of trunks required on a connectivity as well as the size of (a) switch(es) involved Now a PSTN company (administration) can improve its revenue versus expenditures by cutting back on the number of trunks required and making switches “smaller.” Of course, network users will do a lot of complaining about poor service Let’s just suppose the PSTN does just that, cuts back on the number of circuits... industrialized nations, the telephone is accepted as a way of life The telephone is connected to the public switched telecommunications network (PSTN) for local, national, and international voice communications These same telephone connections may also 1 The source for the data in this paragraph is the (US) FCC Study on Telephone Trends 2004 Fundamentals of Telecommunications, Second Edition, by Roger L Freeman... is beginning to take on a role similar to that of the telephone—namely, being ubiquitous Of course, as we know, the two are becoming married In many situations, the PC uses telephone connectivity to obtain Internet and e-mail services Cable television (CATV) offers another form of connectivity providing both telephone and Internet service In the case of Internet access, CATV can be shown to be more... provides the reader a basic understanding of decibels and their applications The only mathematics necessary is an understanding of the powers of ten To meet my stated objective where this text acts as a tutor for those with no experience in telecommunications, every term and concept are carefully explained Nearly all terminology can be traced to the latest edition of the IEEE Standard Dictionary and/or... association of channels, switching systems, and other functional units set up to provide means for a transfer of information Figure 1.2 2 Illustrating the functions of end-users, nodes, and connectivity SCADA stands for supervisory control and data acquisition 4 INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS between two or more points in a telecommunications network.” There would seem to be two interpretations of this definition... C.10.1 Definition of Relative Power Level C.10.2 Definition of Transmission Reference Point C.11 dBi C.11.1 dBd C.12 EIRP References 615 615 619 621 621 623 Acronyms and Abbreviations 637 624 625 625 630 631 632 632 632 635 635 635 636 649 PREFACE This book is an entry-level text on the technology of telecommunications It has been crafted with the newcomer in mind The twenty-one chapters of text have been . alt="" Fundamentals of Telecommunications Second Edition Roger L. Freeman A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION Fundamentals of Telecommunications Fundamentals. 13 1.4 Quality of Service 14 1.5 Standardization in Telecommunications 15 1.6 The Organization of the PSTN in the United States 16 1.6.1 Points of Presence