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[...]... gains in access to resources, power and prestige, including access to amateur and professional sports, baseball lags behind other sports in the inclusion ofgirls and womenThe ideological justification for exclusion based on cultural presumptions of female physical inferiority that emerged inthe nineteenth century remains strong, justifying the bifurcation ofthe sport into softball for girls and baseball. .. experiences.27 The majority ofwomen participating inbaseball have been White However, the participation ofwomenof color has been erased by racist exclusion by the White male-dominated media who did not 16 PART I: THEEXCLUSIONFROM PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL cover their games, by racist policies that excluded womenof color from playing on all–White female teams, and by patriarchal exclusionof Black womenfrom the. .. seclusion, the exclusive upper-class men’s club provided the model for baseball rather than the popular but rough professional sport Elite college women benefited fromthe shifting discourse relating to the role of exercise inwomen s health inthe late nineteenth century Poor and working-class women were excluded fromthe construct of hegemonic femininity as they were engaged daily in physically demanding... Hastings Ardell, Breaking into Baseball; Merrie A Fidler, The Origins and History of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League; Leslie Heaphy and Mel Anthony May, Encyclopedia ofWomen and Baseball, many articles published in scholarly journals and inthe popular press, the commercial success of the film A League of Their Own, and the subsequent exhibit devoted to women and baseball at the Baseball. .. was linked with a rejection of feminist political goals They did not adopt the bloomer due to its association with feminist activism and did not perceive a link between playing baseball and an extension ofwomen s rights to include the franchise or work opportunities Rather they sought to assure themselves and others that participation inbaseball did not conflict with prevailing ideas of femininity... Times Calling the game “a base-ball burlesque” he described the skills ofthe girls: “They played base-ball in a very sad and sorrowful sort of way, as if the vagaries of the ball had been too great for their struggling intellects At the bat most of them preferred to strike at the ball after it passed them thegirls displayed an alarming fondness for making home runs on three strikes often when the fielders... pitching four innings, collecting two hits and playing second base for the Philadelphia Reserves in their victory over Richmond, a baseball representative at the game, Edward Grant Burrow, signed Arlington to an of cial minor league contract with Reading Arlington again played second base and pitched the ninth inning The game was won by Reading 5–0, and among the 1,000 paying spectators were 200 women. .. coaches, symbolic representations of female athletes, ideologies of inclusion and exclusion and subjective identities of players inthe social settings of amateur and professional baseballinthe United States 1 2 PREFACE The theoretical perspectives offered here to explain women s exclusionfrombaseball are informed by social science perspectives, principally critical feminist theory, anthropology, and sociology... in addressing the social consequences of past and present sex discrimination In this book, I have limited the sources used and the analysis to girls and women who play(ed) baseball Although umpiring and sports announcing are as exclusive ofwomen as baseball teams, they have been covered by Jean Hastings Ardell Also the theoretical perspectives offered here are equally relevant to these other settings... gender is the central axis of analysis in feminist theory, I also include the intersections among gender, social class, race/ethnicity, age and sexuality since these social locations are significant in differentiating the experiences ofwomenbaseball players Sports are a core institution in our society’s unequal sex/gender system No single social institution, with the exception of the military, has in uenced . y0 w0 h0" alt=""
No Girls in
the Clubhouse
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No Girls in
the Clubhouse
The Exclusion of Women
from Baseball
MARILYN. II: THE EXCLUSION OF GIRLS AND
WOMEN FROM AMATEUR BASEBALL
8. He-Sport and She-Sport:
The Origins and Infrastructure
of Gender Exclusion in Amateur Baseball