Oracle9 i Database Reference Release 2 (9.2) October 2002 Part No. A96536-02 Oracle9i Database Reference, Release 2 (9.2) Part No. A96536-02 Copyright © 1996, 2002 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Primary Author: Tony Morales Contributing Author: Diana Lorentz Contributors: Nipun Agarwal, Angela Amor, Rick Anderson, Lance Ashdown, Mark Bauer, Ruth Baylis, Neerja Bhatt, Tudor Bosman, George Candea, Wilson Chan, Sumanta Chatterjee, Eugene Chong, Michele Cyran, Mary Ann Davidson, Connie Dialeris Green, Harvey Eneman, Bruce Ernst, Ira Greenberg, Steve Harris, Thuvan Hoang, Lilian Hobbs, Namit Jain, Hakkan Jakobsson, Bob Jenkins, Mark Johnson, Jonathan Klein, Sushil Kumar, Tirthankar Lahiri, Bill Lee, Nina Lewis, Yunrui Li, Juan Loaiza, Neil MacNaughton, Kant Patel, Shankar Raman, Ari Mozes, Subramanian Muralidhar, Ravi Murthy, Karuna Muthiah, Arvind Nithrakashyap, Ronald Obermarck, Cetin Ozbutun, Christopher Racicot, Mark Ramacher, Suvendu Ray, Ann Rhee, Vivian Schupmann, Harlan Sexton, Helen Slattery, Ekrem Soylemez, Debbie Steiner, Seema Sundara, Juan Tellez, Alex Tsukerman, Kothanda Umamageswaran, Randy Urbano, Steve Vivian, Eric Voss, Tak Wang, Steve Wertheimer, Andy Witkowski, Daniel Wong, Graham Wood, Brian Wright, Aravind Yalamanchi, Qin Yu, Mohamed Ziauddin The Programs (which include both the software and documentation) contain proprietary information of Oracle Corporation; they are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are also protected by copyright, patent and other intellectual and industrial property laws. 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Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. iii Contents Send Us Your Comments xli Preface xliii Audience xliv Organization xliv Related Documentation xlv Conventions xlvi Documentation Accessibility l What’s New in Oracle9 i Database Reference? liii Oracle9i Release 2 (9.2) New Features in Oracle9i Database Reference liv Oracle9i Release 1 (9.0.1) New Features in Oracle9i Database Reference lxii 1 Initialization Parameters Uses of Initialization Parameters 1-2 Types of Initialization Parameters 1-2 Parameter Files 1-4 Server Parameter Files 1-4 Initialization Parameter Files 1-4 Changing Parameter Values 1-7 Dynamic Parameters 1-8 Displaying Current Parameter Values 1-11 Parameters You Should Not Specify in the Parameter File 1-11 When Parameters Are Set Incorrectly 1-12 iv Reading the Parameter Descriptions 1-12 Parameter Descriptions 1-14 ACTIVE_INSTANCE_COUNT 1-15 AQ_TM_PROCESSES 1-15 ARCHIVE_LAG_TARGET 1-16 AUDIT_FILE_DEST 1-17 AUDIT_SYS_OPERATIONS 1-17 AUDIT_TRAIL 1-17 BACKGROUND_CORE_DUMP 1-18 BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST 1-18 BACKUP_TAPE_IO_SLAVES 1-19 BITMAP_MERGE_AREA_SIZE 1-20 BLANK_TRIMMING 1-21 BUFFER_POOL_KEEP 1-21 BUFFER_POOL_RECYCLE 1-22 CIRCUITS 1-24 CLUSTER_DATABASE 1-24 CLUSTER_DATABASE_INSTANCES 1-25 CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS 1-25 COMMIT_POINT_STRENGTH 1-26 COMPATIBLE 1-27 CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME 1-28 CONTROL_FILES 1-28 CORE_DUMP_DEST 1-29 CPU_COUNT 1-29 CREATE_BITMAP_AREA_SIZE 1-30 CURSOR_SHARING 1-31 CURSOR_SPACE_FOR_TIME 1-31 DB_nK_CACHE_SIZE 1-32 DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS 1-33 DB_BLOCK_CHECKING 1-35 DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM 1-35 DB_BLOCK_SIZE 1-36 DB_CACHE_ADVICE 1-37 DB_CACHE_SIZE 1-38 v DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST 1-38 DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n 1-39 DB_DOMAIN 1-39 DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT 1-40 DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT 1-41 DB_FILES 1-43 DB_KEEP_CACHE_SIZE 1-44 DB_NAME 1-44 DB_RECYCLE_CACHE_SIZE 1-45 DB_WRITER_PROCESSES 1-45 DBLINK_ENCRYPT_LOGIN 1-46 DBWR_IO_SLAVES 1-46 DG_BROKER_CONFIG_FILEn 1-47 DG_BROKER_START 1-48 DISK_ASYNCH_IO 1-48 DISPATCHERS 1-49 DISTRIBUTED_LOCK_TIMEOUT 1-53 DML_LOCKS 1-53 DRS_START 1-54 ENQUEUE_RESOURCES 1-55 EVENT 1-56 FAL_CLIENT 1-56 FAL_SERVER 1-57 FAST_START_IO_TARGET 1-57 FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET 1-58 FAST_START_PARALLEL_ROLLBACK 1-59 FILE_MAPPING 1-59 FILESYSTEMIO_OPTIONS 1-60 FIXED_DATE 1-60 GC_FILES_TO_LOCKS 1-60 GLOBAL_CONTEXT_POOL_SIZE 1-62 GLOBAL_NAMES 1-62 HASH_AREA_SIZE 1-63 HASH_JOIN_ENABLED 1-64 HI_SHARED_MEMORY_ADDRESS 1-64 vi HS_AUTOREGISTER 1-64 IFILE 1-65 INSTANCE_GROUPS 1-66 INSTANCE_NAME 1-67 INSTANCE_NUMBER 1-67 JAVA_MAX_SESSIONSPACE_SIZE 1-68 JAVA_POOL_SIZE 1-68 JAVA_SOFT_SESSIONSPACE_LIMIT 1-69 JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES 1-69 LARGE_POOL_SIZE 1-70 LICENSE_MAX_SESSIONS 1-71 LICENSE_MAX_USERS 1-72 LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING 1-72 LOCAL_LISTENER 1-73 LOCK_NAME_SPACE 1-74 LOCK_SGA 1-74 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST 1-75 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n 1-76 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_n 1-78 LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST 1-79 LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT 1-80 LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES 1-81 LOG_ARCHIVE_MIN_SUCCEED_DEST 1-82 LOG_ARCHIVE_START 1-83 LOG_ARCHIVE_TRACE 1-84 LOG_BUFFER 1-85 LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL 1-86 LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT 1-87 LOG_CHECKPOINTS_TO_ALERT 1-88 LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT 1-88 LOG_PARALLELISM 1-90 LOGMNR_MAX_PERSISTENT_SESSIONS 1-90 MAX_COMMIT_PROPAGATION_DELAY 1-91 MAX_DISPATCHERS 1-92 MAX_DUMP_FILE_SIZE 1-93 vii MAX_ENABLED_ROLES 1-94 MAX_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS 1-94 MAX_SHARED_SERVERS 1-94 NLS_CALENDAR 1-95 NLS_COMP 1-96 NLS_CURRENCY 1-96 NLS_DATE_FORMAT 1-97 NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE 1-98 NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY 1-98 NLS_ISO_CURRENCY 1-99 NLS_LANGUAGE 1-99 NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS 1-100 NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP 1-100 NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS 1-101 NLS_SORT 1-101 NLS_TERRITORY 1-102 NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT 1-103 NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT 1-104 O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY 1-104 OBJECT_CACHE_MAX_SIZE_PERCENT 1-105 OBJECT_CACHE_OPTIMAL_SIZE 1-106 OLAP_PAGE_POOL_SIZE 1-106 OPEN_CURSORS 1-107 OPEN_LINKS 1-107 OPEN_LINKS_PER_INSTANCE 1-108 OPTIMIZER_DYNAMIC_SAMPLING 1-109 OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE 1-109 OPTIMIZER_INDEX_CACHING 1-112 OPTIMIZER_INDEX_COST_ADJ 1-113 OPTIMIZER_MAX_PERMUTATIONS 1-113 OPTIMIZER_MODE 1-114 ORACLE_TRACE_COLLECTION_NAME 1-115 ORACLE_TRACE_COLLECTION_PATH 1-116 ORACLE_TRACE_COLLECTION_SIZE 1-116 ORACLE_TRACE_ENABLE 1-117 viii ORACLE_TRACE_FACILITY_NAME 1-117 ORACLE_TRACE_FACILITY_PATH 1-118 OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX 1-119 OS_ROLES 1-120 PARALLEL_ADAPTIVE_MULTI_USER 1-120 PARALLEL_AUTOMATIC_TUNING 1-121 PARALLEL_EXECUTION_MESSAGE_SIZE 1-122 PARALLEL_INSTANCE_GROUP 1-122 PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS 1-123 PARALLEL_MIN_PERCENT 1-124 PARALLEL_MIN_SERVERS 1-125 PARALLEL_THREADS_PER_CPU 1-126 PARTITION_VIEW_ENABLED 1-126 PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET 1-127 PLSQL_COMPILER_FLAGS 1-128 PLSQL_NATIVE_C_COMPILER 1-129 PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_DIR 1-129 PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_SUBDIR_COUNT 1-129 PLSQL_NATIVE_LINKER 1-130 PLSQL_NATIVE_MAKE_FILE_NAME 1-130 PLSQL_NATIVE_MAKE_UTILITY 1-131 PLSQL_V2_COMPATIBILITY 1-131 PRE_PAGE_SGA 1-132 PROCESSES 1-133 QUERY_REWRITE_ENABLED 1-133 QUERY_REWRITE_INTEGRITY 1-134 RDBMS_SERVER_DN 1-135 READ_ONLY_OPEN_DELAYED 1-136 RECOVERY_PARALLELISM 1-136 REMOTE_ARCHIVE_ENABLE 1-137 REMOTE_DEPENDENCIES_MODE 1-138 REMOTE_LISTENER 1-138 REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE 1-139 REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT 1-140 REMOTE_OS_ROLES 1-140 ix REPLICATION_DEPENDENCY_TRACKING 1-141 RESOURCE_LIMIT 1-141 RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN 1-142 ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS 1-143 ROW_LOCKING 1-144 SERIAL _REUSE 1-145 SERVICE_NAMES 1-146 SESSION_CACHED_CURSORS 1-146 SESSION_MAX_OPEN_FILES 1-147 SESSIONS 1-148 SGA_MAX_SIZE 1-148 SHADOW_CORE_DUMP 1-149 SHARED_MEMORY_ADDRESS 1-149 SHARED_POOL_RESERVED_SIZE 1-150 SHARED_POOL_SIZE 1-151 SHARED_SERVER_SESSIONS 1-151 SHARED_SERVERS 1-152 SORT_AREA_RETAINED_SIZE 1-152 SORT_AREA_SIZE 1-153 SPFILE 1-155 SQL_TRACE 1-156 SQL92_SECURITY 1-157 STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST 1-157 STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT 1-158 STAR_TRANSFORMATION_ENABLED 1-159 STATISTICS_LEVEL 1-159 TAPE_ASYNCH_IO 1-160 THREAD 1-160 TIMED_OS_STATISTICS 1-161 TIMED_STATISTICS 1-162 TRACE_ENABLED 1-163 TRACEFILE_IDENTIFIER 1-163 TRANSACTION_AUDITING 1-164 TRANSACTIONS 1-165 TRANSACTIONS_PER_ROLLBACK_SEGMENT 1-165 x UNDO_MANAGEMENT 1-166 UNDO_RETENTION 1-166 UNDO_SUPPRESS_ERRORS 1-167 UNDO_TABLESPACE 1-168 USE_INDIRECT_DATA_BUFFERS 1-168 USER_DUMP_DEST 1-169 UTL_FILE_DIR 1-169 WORKAREA_SIZE_POLICY 1-170 2 Static Data Dictionary Views ALL_ALL_TABLES 2-6 ALL_APPLY 2-8 ALL_APPLY_CONFLICT_COLUMNS 2-9 ALL_APPLY_DML_HANDLERS 2-10 ALL_APPLY_ERROR 2-10 ALL_APPLY_KEY_COLUMNS 2-11 ALL_APPLY_PARAMETERS 2-12 ALL_APPLY_PROGRESS 2-12 ALL_ARGUMENTS 2-13 ALL_ASSOCIATIONS 2-14 ALL_AUDIT_POLICIES 2-15 ALL_BASE_TABLE_MVIEWS 2-16 ALL_CAPTURE 2-17 ALL_CAPTURE_PARAMETERS 2-18 ALL_CAPTURE_PREPARED_DATABASE 2-18 ALL_CAPTURE_PREPARED_SCHEMAS 2-19 ALL_CAPTURE_PREPARED_TABLES 2-19 ALL_CATALOG 2-20 ALL_CLUSTER_HASH_EXPRESSIONS 2-20 ALL_CLUSTERS 2-21 ALL_COL_COMMENTS 2-22 ALL_COL_PRIVS 2-22 ALL_COL_PRIVS_MADE 2-23 ALL_COL_PRIVS_RECD 2-24 ALL_COLL_TYPES 2-25 [...]... DBA_UPDATABLE_COLUMNS DBA_USERS DBA_USTATS 2- 223 2- 224 2- 224 2- 224 2- 224 2- 224 2- 224 2- 225 2- 225 2- 225 2- 225 2- 226 2- 226 2- 226 2- 226 2- 226 2- 226 2- 227 2- 227 2- 227 2- 228 2- 229 2- 230 2- 230 2- 230 2- 230 2- 231 2- 231 2- 231 2- 231 2- 2 32 2 -23 2 2- 2 32 2 -23 3 2- 234 xxi DBA_VARRAYS DBA_VIEWS DBA_WAITERS DBA_XML_SCHEMAS... DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS DBA_STORED_SETTINGS DBA_STREAMS_GLOBAL_RULES xx 2- 207 2- 208 2- 208 2- 209 2- 209 2- 209 2- 209 2- 209 2- 210 2- 210 2- 211 2- 2 12 2 -21 3 2- 214 2- 215 2- 215 2- 215 2- 216 2- 217 2- 217 2- 218 2- 219 2- 220 2- 220 2- 220 2- 220 2- 221 2- 222 2- 222 2- 222 2- 222 2- 222 2- 222 2- 223 2- 223 DBA_STREAMS_SCHEMA_RULES DBA_STREAMS_TABLE_RULES DBA_SUBPART_COL_STATISTICS... USER_TYPE_VERSIONS USER_TYPES USER_UNUSED_COL_TABS xxviii 2- 287 2- 287 2- 287 2- 287 2- 287 2- 288 2- 288 2- 288 2- 288 2- 288 2- 289 2- 289 2- 289 2- 289 2- 289 2- 289 2- 289 2- 290 2- 290 2- 290 2- 290 2- 290 2- 291 2- 291 2- 291 2- 291 2- 291 2- 2 92 2 -29 2 2- 2 92 2 -29 2 2- 2 92 2 -29 2 2- 293 2- 293 USER_UPDATABLE_COLUMNS USER_USERS USER_USTATS USER_VARRAYS... USER_SEGMENTS USER_SEQUENCES USER_SOURCE 2- 280 2- 280 2- 280 2- 280 2- 281 2- 281 2- 281 2- 281 2- 281 2- 2 82 2 -28 2 2- 2 82 2 -28 2 2- 2 82 2 -28 3 2- 283 2- 283 2- 283 2- 284 2- 284 2- 284 2- 284 2- 284 2- 284 2- 285 2- 285 2- 285 2- 285 2- 286 2- 286 2- 286 2- 286 2- 286 2- 286 2- 287 xxvii USER_SOURCE_TABLES USER_SQLJ_TYPE_ATTRS USER_SQLJ_TYPE_METHODS... USER_JAVA_INNERS USER_JAVA_LAYOUTS USER_JAVA_METHODS 2- 268 2- 268 2- 268 2- 268 2- 268 2- 268 2- 269 2- 269 2- 269 2- 269 2- 269 2- 269 2- 270 2- 270 2- 270 2- 270 2- 270 2- 271 2- 271 2- 271 2- 271 2- 271 2- 271 2- 2 72 2 -27 2 2- 2 72 2 -27 2 2- 2 72 2 -27 3 2- 273 2- 273 2- 273 2- 273 2- 274 2- 274 xxv USER_JAVA_NCOMPS USER_JAVA_POLICY USER_JAVA_RESOLVERS ... xxii 2- 234 2- 234 2- 234 2- 234 2- 235 2- 235 2- 235 2- 235 2- 235 2- 236 2- 236 2- 236 2- 236 2- 237 2- 237 2- 237 2- 237 2- 238 2- 239 2- 240 2- 240 2- 240 2- 241 2- 241 2- 241 2- 2 42 2 -24 2 2- 243 2- 243 2- 243 2- 244 2- 244 2- 244 2- 245 2- 245 HS_INST_INIT IDEPTREE IND INDEX_HISTOGRAM INDEX_STATS MAP_OBJECT NLS _DATABASE_ PARAMETERS... USER_COLL_TYPES USER_CONS_COLUMNS USER_CONS_OBJ_COLUMNS xxiv 2- 258 2- 259 2- 259 2- 259 2- 259 2- 260 2- 260 2- 260 2- 261 2- 2 62 2 -26 2 2- 263 2- 263 2- 263 2- 264 2- 264 2- 264 2- 264 2- 264 2- 264 2- 265 2- 265 2- 265 2- 265 2- 266 2- 266 2- 266 2- 266 2- 266 2- 266 2- 267 2- 267 2- 267 2- 267 2- 267 USER_CONSTRAINTS USER_DB_LINKS USER_DEPENDENCIES USER_DIM_ATTRIBUTES... SYSCATALOG SYSFILES SYSSEGOBJ 2- 246 2- 246 2- 247 2- 247 2- 247 2- 248 2- 249 2- 249 2- 249 2- 250 2- 250 2- 250 2- 250 2- 2 52 2 -25 3 2- 253 2- 254 2- 254 2- 254 2- 255 2- 255 2- 255 2- 256 2- 256 2- 256 2- 256 2- 257 2- 257 2- 257 2- 257 2- 258 2- 258 2- 258 2- 258 2- 258 xxiii SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE_MAP SYS_OBJECTS TAB TABLE_PRIVILEGE_MAP... USER_OPERATOR_COMMENTS USER_OPERATORS USER_OUTLINE_HINTS xxvi 2- 274 2- 274 2- 274 2- 275 2- 275 2- 275 2- 275 2- 275 2- 275 2- 276 2- 276 2- 276 2- 276 2- 276 2- 276 2- 277 2- 277 2- 277 2- 277 2- 277 2- 278 2- 278 2- 278 2- 278 2- 278 2- 278 2- 279 2- 279 2- 279 2- 279 2- 279 2- 279 2- 279 2- 280 2- 280 USER_OUTLINES USER_PART_COL_STATISTICS USER_PART_HISTOGRAMS ... DBA_PROPAGATION DBA_PROXIES DBA_PUBLISHED_COLUMNS 2- 198 2- 198 2- 198 2- 198 2- 198 2- 199 2- 200 2- 200 2- 200 2- 200 2- 201 2- 201 2- 201 2- 201 2- 201 2- 2 02 2 -20 2 2- 2 02 2 -20 2 2- 2 02 2 -20 3 2- 203 2- 203 2- 203 2- 203 2- 203 2- 204 2- 204 2- 204 2- 204 2- 205 2- 205 2- 205 2- 205 2- 206 xix DBA_QUEUE_SCHEDULES DBA_QUEUE_TABLES DBA_QUEUES . 2- 217 DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES 2- 218 DBA_RSRC_PLANS 2- 219 DBA_RULE_SET_RULES 2- 220 DBA_RULE_SETS 2- 220 DBA_RULES 2- 220 DBA_SEGMENTS 2- 220 DBA_SEQUENCES 2- 221 DBA_SOURCE 2- 222 DBA_SOURCE_TABLES. 2- 222 DBA_SOURCE_TABLES 2- 222 DBA_SQLJ_TYPE_ATTRS 2- 222 DBA_SQLJ_TYPE_METHODS 2- 222 DBA_SQLJ_TYPES 2- 222 DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS 2- 222 DBA_STORED_SETTINGS 2- 223 DBA_STREAMS_GLOBAL_RULES