International Production Networks in Asia doc

[...]... Development Fund Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation International Monetary Fund international production network international procurement office integrated services digital network Institute of SouthEast Asian Studies Industrial Technology Research Institute, Tapei, Taiwan Integrated Telecom Technology Japanese Chamber of Trade and Industry in Malaysia Japan External Trade Organization just -in- time... fare in explaining the new, loosely coupled organizational forms that we see in the electronics industry in the Asia- Pacific? INTRODUCTION 7 The literature on networks can be roughly grouped into two traditions of discourse (Alstyne 1996) One, anchored initially in business schools and subsequently in the microeconomics of organizations, centers on the attempt to explain the form and functioning of... are emerging is the 6 INTRODUCTION increasing trend toward the outsourcing of production itself Since the 1970s, it has been established practice for “brand name” companies in the garment, footwear, furniture, and toy industries to depend on CPNs for essentially all of their manufacturing requirements.6 By contrast, the outsourcing of core manufacturing functions did not begin in earnest in the electronics... newly industrializing countries (NICs): Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong and Korea The so-called “Four Tigers” approached the advanced industrial frontier in some industry segments using strategies of extensive technological borrowing and export-led growth, and in the case of Singapore with a dominant role for foreign investment The third tier of later industrializers includes the major Southeast Asian... prospered during the 1990s, while indigenous Asian firms have become significant players in a number of industry segments, and Japanese firms, whatever their previous successes and continuing strengths, have seen a reduction in their market share The following tables provide a typology of the major networks operating in the region—American, Japanese, Taiwanese, Singaporean, and Korean—based on the findings... broadened its Innovations in International Cooperation programs to include regional economic integration (see ) During the second half of the 1990s, BRIE and IGCC collaborated on several projects, including a companion volume to this, edited by Barry Naughton, entitled The China Circle: Economics and Technology in the PRC, Taiwan, and Hong Kong (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution... Desnhi Kikai Kogyokai Nippon Electric Glass newly industrializing country newly industrializing economy National Science and Technology Board original brand manufacturing overseas Chinese original design manufacturing Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development original equipment manufacturing operational headquarters on-the-job training overseas production ratio private automatic branch exchange... modern corporation grew out of the need to manage the complex coordination problems posed by large-scale industrial production and marketing Improving control over an increasingly complex and diverse production chain meant housing as many of those activities within the purview of the corporate administrative hierarchy as possible In- house production meant lower transaction costs, much faster throughput,... joint ventures, varied forms of outsourcing and contracting—and a lucrative cottage industry seeking to outline their determinants John Dunning’s (1993) “eclectic paradigm” (introduced originally in the mid-1970s) synthesized those determinants Dunning argued that firms will locate wherever optimal for exploiting their defensible competitive advantages, choosing direct ownership whenever market transactions... the literature on international supply-chain management suggests, it is by no means obvious that the costs of coordinating a large, geographically disperse network of independent suppliers is lower than vertical integration In industries producing disk drives, several leading firms remain vertically integrated even as their operations have become geographically dispersed throughout Asia Rather, the . Introduction 79 The Asian production networks of Japanese electronics firms during the early 1990s 80 Explaining Japanese production networks in Asia 85 Causes. or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the