www.it-ebooks.info Beginning XML 4th Edition David Hunter, Jeff Rafter, Joe Fawcett, Eric van der Vlist, Danny Ayers, Jon Duckett, Andrew Watt, and Linda McKinnon 01_114872 ffirs.qxp 4/16/07 6:36 PM Page iii www.it-ebooks.info Beginning XML 4th Edition 01_114872 ffirs.qxp 4/16/07 6:36 PM Page i www.it-ebooks.info 01_114872 ffirs.qxp 4/16/07 6:36 PM Page ii www.it-ebooks.info Beginning XML 4th Edition David Hunter, Jeff Rafter, Joe Fawcett, Eric van der Vlist, Danny Ayers, Jon Duckett, Andrew Watt, and Linda McKinnon 01_114872 ffirs.qxp 4/16/07 6:36 PM Page iii www.it-ebooks.info Beginning XML, 4 th Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2007 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 978-0-470-11487-2 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Beginning XML / David Hunter [et al.]. 4th ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-470-11487-2 (paper/website) 1. XML (Document markup language) I. Hunter, David, 1974 May 7- QA76.76.H94B439 2007 006.7’4 dc22 2007006580 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4355, or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions. 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All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. 01_114872 ffirs.qxp 4/16/07 6:36 PM Page iv www.it-ebooks.info I would like to thank God, for continuing to give me opportunities to do what I love; my church family, for giving me more support than I deserve; and Andrea, for giving me more support than anyone deserves. I would also like to thank the editors, for their constant help. Their dedication to the quality of this book was a major factor in its success. —David To Ali and Jude, for their loving patience. —Jeff To my two brothers, Peter and Stephen, who have both helped me in my life and career in their own ways, many thanks. —Joe To my wife, Catherine, and children, Deborah, David, Samuel, and Sarah, for their patience and support while I am busy writing books. —Eric To my late grandmother, Mona Cartledge, who once gave me a Commodore Pet. —Danny 01_114872 ffirs.qxp 4/16/07 6:36 PM Page v www.it-ebooks.info About the Authors David Hunter is a Senior Technical Consultant for CGI, a full-service IT and business process services partner. Providing technical leadership and guidance for solving his clients’ business problems, he is a jack-of-all-trades and master of some. With a career that has included design, development, support, training, writing, and other roles, he has had extensive experience building scalable, reliable, enterprise- class applications. David loves to peek under the hood at any new technology that comes his way, and when one catches his fancy, he really gets his hands dirty. He loves nothing more than sharing these technologies with others. Jeff Rafter is an independent consultant based in Redlands, California. His focus is on emerging tech- nology and web standards, including XML and validation. He currently works with Baobab Health Partnership with a focus on improving world health. Joe Fawcett ( http://joe.fawcett.name) started programming in the 1970s and worked briefly in IT when leaving full-time education. He then pursued a more checkered career before returning to software development in 1994. In 2003 he was awarded the title of Microsoft Most Valuable Professional in XML for community contributions and technical expertise; he has subsequently been re-awarded every year since. Joe currently works in London and is head of software development for FTC Kaplan Ltd., a lead- ing international provider of accountancy and business training. Eric van der Vlist is an independent consultant and trainer. His domains of expertise include web devel- opment and XML technologies. He is the creator and main editor of XMLfr.org, the main site dedicated to XML technologies in French, the lead author of Professional Web 2.0 Programming, the author of the O’Reilly animal books XML Schema and RELAX NG and a member or the ISO DSDL ( http://dsdl.org) working group focused on XML schema languages. He is based in Paris and can be reached at vdv@dyomedea.com, or meet him at one of the many conferences where he presents his projects. Danny Ayers is a freelance developer and consultant specializing in cutting-edge web technologies. His blog ( http://dannyayers.com) tends to feature material relating to the Semantic Web and/or cat photos. Linda McKinnon has more than 10 years of experience as a successful trainer and network engineer, assisting both private and public enterprises in network architecture design, implementation, system administration, and RFP procurement. She is a renowned mentor and has published numerous Linux study guides for Wiley Press and Gearhead Press. 01_114872 ffirs.qxp 4/16/07 6:36 PM Page vi www.it-ebooks.info Credits Senior Acquisitions Editor Jim Minatel Development Editors Sara Shlaer Lisa Thibault Technical Editor Phred Menyhert Production Editor William A. Barton Copy Editor Luann Rouff Editorial Manager Mary Beth Wakefield Production Manager Tim Tate Vice President and Executive Group Publisher Richard Swadley Vice President and Executive Publisher Joseph B. Wikert Graphics and Production Specialists Brooke Graczyk Denny Hager Joyce Haughey Jennifer Mayberry Barbara Moore Alicia B. South Quality Control Technician John Greenough Project Coordinator Lynsey Osborn Media Development Specialists Angie Denny Kit Malone Kate Jenkins Steve Kudirkan Proofreading Aptara Indexing Broccoli Information Management Anniversary Logo Design Richard Pacifico 01_114872 ffirs.qxp 4/16/07 6:36 PM Page vii www.it-ebooks.info 01_114872 ffirs.qxp 4/16/07 6:36 PM Page viii www.it-ebooks.info [...]... 10: XML and Databases 375 The Need for Efficient XML Data Stores The Increasing Amount of XML Comparing XML- Based Data and Relational Data Approaches to Storing XML 375 376 377 378 Storing XML on File Systems Using XML With Conventional Databases Native XML Databases Using Native XML Databases 378 379 381 382 Obtaining and Installing eXist Interacting with eXist 382 384 XML in Commercial RDBMSs 395 XML. .. Questions 142 143 143 143 143 144 Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 144 144 144 Chapter 5: XML Schemas 145 Benefits of XML Schemas 146 XML XML XML XML Schemas Use XML Syntax Schema Namespace Support Schema Data Types Schema Content Models Do We Still Need DTDs? XML Schemas 146 146 147 147 147 148 The XML Schema Document Running the Samples Declarations Declarations Declarations... Introduction 1 Chapter 1: What Is XML? 3 Of Data, Files, and Text 3 Binary Files Text Files A Brief History of Markup 4 5 6 So What Is XML? 7 What Does XML Buy Us? HTML and XML: Apples and Red Delicious Apples Hierarchies of Information What’s a Document Type? No, Really — What’s a Document Type? Origin of the XML Standards What Is the World Wide Web Consortium? Components of XML Where XML Can Be Used, and What... Inheritance Attaching the Stylesheet to an XML Document Selectors Using CSS for Layout of XML Documents Understanding the Box Model Positioning in CSS 694 695 699 700 701 702 706 Laying Out Tabular Data Links in XML Documents 719 721 XLink Support in Firefox Forcing Links Using the XHTML Namespace 721 725 Images in XML Documents Using CSS to Add Content to Documents Attribute Content 725 726 729 Attribute... XML Document Obect Model Online Appendix E: XML Schema Element and Attribute Reference Online Appendix F: XML Schema Datatypes Reference Online Appendix G: SAX 2.0.2 Reference Online Index 971 xxv www.it-ebooks.info www.it-ebooks.info Introduction Welcome to Beginning XML, Fourth Edition, the book I wish I’d had when I was first learning the language! When we wrote the first edition of this book, XML. .. different XML vocabularies This Part introduces you to DTDs, XML Schemas, and RELAX NG: three languages that define custom XML vocabularies We also show you how to utilize these definitions to validate your XML documents xxix www.it-ebooks.info Introduction Chapter 4: Document Type Definitions You can specify how an XML document should be structured, and even provide default values, using Document Type... formats is what makes XML so powerful Chapter 7: XPath The XPath language is used to locate sections and data in the XML document, and it’s important in many other XML technologies Chapter 8: XSLT XML can be transformed into other XML documents, HTML, and other formats using XSLT stylesheets, which are introduced in this chapter Part IV: Databases Creating and processing XML documents is good, but... Service Support 395 426 XML in Open Source RDBMS 426 Installing MySQL Adding Information in MySQL Querying MySQL Updating XML in MySQL Usability of XML in MySQL Client-Side XML Support 426 427 430 435 436 437 Choosing a Database to Store XML Looking Ahead Summary Exercise Questions 438 438 438 438 Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 439 439 439 Part V: Programming 441 Chapter 11: The XML Document Object Model... comfortable with XML and have seen it in action, we unleash the programmer within and look at an XML- based programming language that you can use to transform XML documents from one format to another ❑ Eventually, you will need to store and retrieve XML information from databases At this point, you will learn not only the state of the art for XML and databases, but also how to query XML information using... want to store those documents This section describes strategies for storing and retrieving XML documents and document fragments from different databases Chapter 9: XQuery, the XML Query Language Very often, you will need to retrieve information from within a database XQuery, which is built on XPath and XPath2, enables you to do this in an elegant way Chapter 10: XML and Databases XML is perfect for . 144 Chapter 5: XML Schemas 145 Benefits of XML Schemas 146 XML Schemas Use XML Syntax 146 XML Schema Namespace Support 146 XML Schema Data Types 147 XML Schema. Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Beginning XML / David Hunter [et al.]. 4th ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-470-11487-2 (paper/website) 1. XML (Document markup language)