NICKEL AND THE SKIN Absorption, Immunology, Epidemiology, and Metallurgy pptx

[...]... for their ability to sequester surface nickel, described earlier by Gawkrodger et al (1995) The authors 18 Nickel and the Skin: Absorption, Immunology, Epidemiology, and Metallurgy evaluated the stability of the complexes formed, potentially in competition with nickel complexes in the skin, and their complexing efficacy in function of pH Also investigated were the ancillary aspects of safety from the. .. to the transition group of elements such as nickel, contain a partially filled d-shell and oxidize readily to highly electropositive cations While they have ionic radii too small to be antigenic, they can act as haptens 10 Nickel and the Skin: Absorption, Immunology, Epidemiology, and Metallurgy interacting with tissue protein They form bonds that range from the fully ionized to the fully chelated, and. .. for most of the hypersensitivity problems attributed to the metal In the endeavor to address the apparent paradox and explain the ready absorption of metallic nickel coming in contact with the skin, we sought to provide evidence that nickel readily ionizes in the microenvironment of the skin, and by transiting the SC reaches the guardian dendritic cells residing in the epidermis Evidence at hand so far... sensitivity (from 8 Nickel and the Skin: Absorption, Immunology, Epidemiology, and Metallurgy TABLE 1.1 Dual (ICU and ACD) Allergic Reactions to Nickel — Table of Authors Immunologic Contact Urticaria Stoddard, 1960 McKenzie and Aitken, 1967 Fisher, 1969 Wahlberg and Skog, 1971 Forman and Alexander, 1972 McConnell et al., 1973 Holti, 1974 Eversole, 1979 Veien et al., 1979 Osmundsen, 1980 Keskinen, 1980 Niordson,... that has been reinforced by the comprehensive position statement resulting from the American Academy of Dermatology–sponsored 6 Nickel and the Skin: Absorption, Immunology, Epidemiology, and Metallurgy National Conference on Environmental Hazards to the Skin in 1992 (AAD, 1992) Both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis are considered priority research areas as outlined in the National Occupational... 4 Nickel and the Skin: Absorption, Immunology, Epidemiology, and Metallurgy 1991 In a retrospective study of patients with NAH seen in dermatological practice by Veien et al., also in Denmark, the comparison was made between the number of cases before (1986–1989) and after (1996–1999) implementation of limits that regulate nickel exposure A significant reduction in the number of cases was seen in the. .. (Haley et al., 1990) That nickel will significantly alter the functioning of host defense mechanisms was demonstrated in rabbits: alveolar macrophages are reduced in number and lose activity, primary antibody 16 Nickel and the Skin: Absorption, Immunology, Epidemiology, and Metallurgy production is reduced, and lysozyme levels and activity are significantly decreased (Lundborg and Camner, 1984; Waters... longer-chain fatty acids such as octanoic or lauric as they occur in the skin (Schurer and Elias, 1991; Weerheim and Ponec, 2001; Wertz, 1992), however, the metal forms so-called soaps, in which nickel ion only partially dissociates from the acid moiety; the longer the acid chain, the less dissociated, less water-soluble, and more lipophilic the soap The amount of nickel ion diffusing is small, to be sure, but... as a barrier between potentially injurious chemicals and the skin Among the advantages of using gloves is the protection they give in wet work and in the handling of aqueous corrosive agents such as acids, alkalis, and detergents, or dyes and foods Reluctance to comply with recommended wear due to discomfort, the macerating effect on the skin, or their interference with work operations must be overcome... standard skin patch test program (GIRDCA test series) by Francomano et al.; 57.6% showed positive response to nickel sulfate, compared with 10.2% in a control group without history of skin diseases The authors concluded that perceived sensitive skin is an indication of subclinical ACD that responds to skin- patch challenge (Francomano et al., 2000) 14 Nickel and the Skin: Absorption, Immunology, Epidemiology, . 21 1.7 Therapy 22 1.7.1 Topical Therapy 22 1.7.2 Systemic Therapy 23 1 Hostyne k ´ 2 Nickel and the Skin: Absorption, Immunology, Epidemiology, and Metallurgy . Klaus-P. Wilhelm, and Howard I. Maibach Nickel and the Skin: Absorption, Immunology, Epidemiology, and Metallurgy Jurij J. Host ´ yneck and Howard I. Maibach DERMATOLOGY: