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Đây là sách cho Tiếng Anh chuyên, tương đương với 8.5 IELTS REACTIVATE Contents UNIT GRAMMAR VOCABULARY PAGE 1 Nouns Articles Quantifiers Achievement 4 2 Prepositions Crime and Punishment 21 3 Word Formation Commonly Coníused Verbs Urban Life 36 Idioms 1.
REACT1VATE Contents UNIT GRAMMAR VOCABULARY Nouns / Articles / Quantifiers Achievement Prepositions Crime and Punishment Word Formation / Commonly Coníused Verbs Urban Life 21 36 Idioms 54 Revievv (Units 1-3) 55 Present Tenses / Future Forms Education and Learning 58 Past Forms Diet and Well-being 73 (S Gerunds three books one photo > fifty photos • The plural form usually ends in -s, -es and -ies toy > toys fox > íoxes vvatch > vvatches baby > bab/es • Some plural íorms are irregular (See Appendix on page 252 for more nouns with irregular torms.) man > men wife > wives foot > feet Uncountable nouns • They not take a/an and have no plural form • They incỉude the following: - groups made up of related items His advice vvas helptul He gave me lots of intormation furniture, clothing, equipment, fruit, rubbish, money, traffic, luggage, etc - languages and tields of study French, Spanish, Italian, history, biology, literature, etc - sports, pastimes, leisure baseball, cricket, football, etc - substaiỴces and materials water, butter, hydrogen, metal, petrol, etc - actions/activities jogging, reading, meditating, etc - abstract nouns death, news, advice, knowledge, proof, etc - natural phenomena lightning, light, rain, humidity, electricity, etc • They can be itemised or ‘counted’ with other nouns such as piece, item, bit, slice, litre, jar, glass, etc a piece of advice, a bit of cheese, a slice of cake, a litre oívvater, ữ jar ofjam, a glass ofjuice, etc NOUNS ENDING IN -S Some uncountable nouns end in -s and yet they take a singular verb - illnesses: measles, diabetes, mumps ■ sports and games: aerobics, gymnastics, billiards - areas of study: physics, politics - abstract ideas: thanks, news - teelings: happiness, loneliness Mumps is an illness that makes the neck svvollen and paintul Billiards is his tavourite game and he’s pretty good at it Physics is a popular subject at this university Loneliness is a common problem for elderly people living on their own Some nouns reter to one object having two parts and take a plural verb: jeans, shorts, tights, trousers, glasses, scissors, scales, etc These scissors are blunt Have you got a sharper pair? Those glasses look great on you! When a specitic measurement is the subject of a sentence, it takes a singular verb even if the measurement is pỉural Three hours was a long time to wait Two miles isn’t too far to walk Fifteen minutes is what it normally takes to cycle to work Some nouns are more common in the plural form and take a plural verb: goods, remains, stairs, facilities, reíreshments, ruins, etc The stairs were very steep and ditticult for Grandad to climb Facilities for young people are excellent in this town Refreshments are available during the interval Grammar COMPOUND NOUNS In compound nouns, the tirst word classihes the second word and is usually singular a car park (= somewhere to park your car) (a cars park X) a mountain climber (= someone who climbs mountains) (a mountains climber X) Common combinations are: -noun + noun - noun + verb - verb + noun bedroom, vvater tank, credit card haircut, sky-diving, dog walker washing machine, driving licence, boxing ring COLLECT1VE NOUNS Collective nouns reter to a group of people, animals or objects We can usually use a singular or plural verb aíter these nouns depending on vvhether we are considering the noun as one entity or as a group of individual people, animals or objects My tamily is Corning to vìsit this summer (= They are travelling as one unit.) My family are very Creative (= Each person in my íamily is very Creative.) Some collective nouns ịpolice, folk, cattle) alvvays take a plural verb The police have arrested the gang leader Folk are complaining about his lack of talent Adjectives used as collective nouns alvvays take a plural verb The elderly are more vulnerable than other citizens The famous otten buy houses in this part of London k ALERT! Some nouns can be both countable and uncountable, but with a change in meaning See Appendix on pages 253-254 for examples There is a wood on the other side of the river This table is made of wood THE INDEFÍNITE ARTICLE (A/AN) USE o with singular countable nouns a burger, a unitorm, an egg, an MP3 player • with nouns that have not been mentioned betore or are non-specific Jill bought a book I had an omelette for lunch • with proíessions, nationalities, jobs Chris is a lawyer Marie is an Italian ]’m a chef • to reter to One example in a larger group such as a proíession or species Ít takes many years of study to become a barrister An orca is part of the dolphin tamily • vvith a proper noun when we are not íamiliar with the person in question Do you know a James Carter? He’s sent me a birthday card There’s a Marion at the door She wants to speak to you • with certain abstract nouns in a specitic context: horror, dislike, love, hatred, fear, knowledge, cnvareness, etc He has a hatred of spiders! She has a fear of heights • with large numbers and íractions This dress cost a thousand pounds! The price had been reduced by a third • with expressions of quantity There are a lot of people here today I’d like a kilo grapes, please • for trequency and speed I have my hair cut once a month The car was travelling at one hundred miles an hour k ' EXAMPLE ALERT! A/an has a similar meaning to one Hovvever, it does not alvvays mean the same thing Terrific Tees has a black T-shirt in Large (= The shop may have more than one; the exact number isn’t important.) Territic Tees has one black T-shirt in Large (= The shop only has one T-shirt in this size and colour combination.) UN1T UoẵỉÈ THE DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE} I USE EXAMPLE • with countable and uncountable nouns the tree, the flowers the music, the atmosphere • to rer to nouns that have been mentioned betore Jill bought a book The book was on vegetarian cooking • to reter to something specitic, or something that is known to the lỉstener The man who is sitting next to Mia is an actor The government are bringing in new measures The media is to blame for the star’s fall from grace The police are investigating the disappearance of a young woman l’m going to the supermarket Can you put these magazines in the living room? • with single nouns to reter to a generic characteristic of the whole group or species (tormal) The male peacock is a visually impressive bird Sadly, the dodo is now extinct • vvith adjectives vvhen we reter to a group of people Even the are attected by these measures • with nationality adjectives that end in -ch, -sh, ese, and -s [For other nationalities we must use a plural noun.) Jacob says the Swiss are less hospitable than the Greeks • with things that are unique The sky was fulI of ominous dark clouds The World Health Organisation was established in 1948 • with geographical names and the physical environment We strolled along the River Seine The Andes are in South America We went camping in the mountains Have you ever been to the desert? • with the names of some countries, newspapers, cinemas, theatres, etc \Ne visited the USA last summer My parents read The Telegraph What’s on at The Odeon? I’m theatre manager at The Globe • with some torms of media [art/entertainment] Let’s go to the cinema Would you like to come to the theatre with me? Do you ever listen to the radio? • with thề superlative and some other grammatical structures Was yesterday the hottest day of the year? The longer I wait, the more trustrated become The only thing ask is that you act cautiously The last thing she remembers is banging her head It’s the right thing to do! • with musical Instruments and dances Does he play the violin well? Have you ever danced the tango? • with time, date (when spoken), periods of time in the atternoon, during the day (NB: at night} Today is the sixth ofJune It took place in the nineteenth century NO ARTICLE USE EXAMPLE • with plural countable and uncountabie nouns to reter to something in general Tourists otten buy souvenirs to remind them of places they’ve visited Adding cheese to a dish can make all the ditterence • with abstract nouns Music helps me to unvvind at the end of the day AI! you need is love • vvith names and titles Maria is married to dason Maureen Helston lives next door to my aunt MrJohnson is our English teacher • names of shops and companies Harrods is in Knightsbridge My son’s dream is to work for Apple Jenny has a Saturdayjob at Waterstones Grammar • with countries, continents, towns, cities, mountains, lakes, islands, Have you ever been to France? Austria is in Europe I’ve lived in Liverpool all my life Everest is the highest mountain in the world Lake Como is in Italy Phil is going to Sicily on holiday this year • with languages and íields of study Does Kim speak Japanese? Medicine is a challenging degree to study for • with meals, sports, games, colours, pastimes What shall we have for lunch? My daughter plays cricket for her school thoroughly enjoyed learning chess Pink is Laura’s tavourite colour Pam loves jigsaw puzzles • with illnesses and diseases Jodie has pneumonia She won’t be at work this week Measles is not as common as it used to be • with the words bed, church, college, home, prison, school, university, work when we reter to their tunction Marcus was tound guilty and now he’s in prison (NB: Marcus’ mother goes to visit him at the prison once a week.) The children are at school (NB: Is there a college in this town?) • with materials and substances This shirt is made of cotton and polyester Olive oil is good for you Do you like butter in your sandvviches? • with expressions to with transport My tather travels to work by train Peté' is atraid of flying, so he won’t travel anyvvhere by plane QUANTIFIERS Singular noun Plural noun Uncountable noun no no cup no glasses no milk none of the - none of the tickets none of the luggage each (of the) each student each of the students - every (one of) every chair every one of the chairs - either (of the) either child either of the children - neither (of the) neither bus neither of the buses - many/much - many sites much intormation (a) few/little - (a) few decisions (a) little help some - some watches some jewellery several - several people - most (of the) most of the room most hotels most travel more - more cups more time a lot of/lots of - a lot of/lots of cars another another book - a lot of/lots of traííic - both - both bags - half the half the recipe half the ingredients half the food any any idea any thoughts any emotion all - all sweets all sugar UNIT — Unit MORE ABOUT QUANTIFIERS I USE EXAMPLE We can use oíthe with most quantitiers to make the plural or uncountable noun refer to something specitic rather than something general Some paintings are very valuable (= paintings in general) Some oỉthe paintings were stolen (= a collection of specitic paintings) Most tourists love sightseeing (= tourists in general) Most of the tourists enjoyed the trip to Knossos (= a specitic group of tourists) When the meaning is obvious, we can use most quantitiers vvithout the noun (This is not possible with no and every.) Two men were arrested Both were held overnight in the police station All students íound the exam extremely difficult and a few couldn't answer any questions at all Five cars were stolen None were recovered When each, either and much are used as subjects, they take a singular verb There are five cars Each is vvorth over £100,000 Of the two dresses you tried on, either is suitable for a vvedding £3,000 has been given to charity this week Much of it was raised by children at the local school When both, several, a few and many are used as subjects, they take a plural verb Clive’s parents were at the hospital during his operation Both were anxious to speak to the doctor afterwards We’ve had a lot of candidates show interest in the position Several are being interviewed today A few have been short-listed already Wẹ are introducing a signing-in policy for our employees because many arrive late to work most mornings When any, half, some, a lot/lots and all are used as subjects, they take a singular or plural verb depending on the noun they replace We don’t know much yet, so any intormation /s vvelcome Any of your íriends are welcome to come to the party There was a fire at the íurniture shop and ữ lot of turniture was damaged Half was completely destroyed Hovvever, some pieces were saved because they were in a different showroom All food is to be consumed in the designated areas When neither and none are used with plural nouns, they can take a singular or a plural verb (Using a singular verb is more íormal.) Neither of the explanations gave was/were correct None of the students was/were able to make the experiment work Each reters to two or more people or things vvhereas every reíers to three or more Every cannot be used when there are only tvvo people or things There are two lawyers and twelve members of the jury in court The judge listened caretully to each lawyer We can use any with a singular noun to mean ‘it doesn’t matter which’ We can also use some in this way, but it usually has an impolite, ‘couldn’t care less’ kind of meaning Take any book; l’ve read all of them (= it doesn’t matter vvhich book) I saw her talking to some girl at school (= don’t know or care which girl) My cousin bought me a CD of some band l’ve never even heard of betore (= don’t know the band and don’t care about it) We often use some to emphasise an exclamation That’s some outtit you’re vvearing! You look tantastic! That’s some house he lives in; it must have twenty rooms! The judge listened caretully to each member of the jury The judge listened caretully to every member of the jury ALERT! • A few and a little mean ‘some, a small number/amount of Hovvever, few and little mean ‘not enough of There is a little time left If you’re quick, you’ll get there before the shop closes There is little time left; I doubt our team will score a goal now There are a few places left on the excursion If you book now, you should get one Few participants have signed up for the seminar Do you thinh we should postpone it? • We can use few and little with nouns that have a negative meaning (disabilities, problems, trouble, diffículties, etc) In such cases, the overall meaning of the sentence becomes positive There was little trouble at the tootball match last Saturday (= There wasn’t much trouble.) There are few illnesses that modern medicine is unable to cure (= There aren’t many illnesses that modern medicine can’t cure.) Grammar ■■M Grammar in Action A Complete the sentences with the correct present simple or past simple form of the verb be asked for, but I must admit that it was helpíul His advice The tacilities at the sports centre Do you think these trousers that good; I really think they could be improved too tight? asking for anyone with any intormation about the crime to come forward The police Passers-by £60 The Netherlands Both my mother and my tather Each child shocked by the aggressive behaviour of two young men much to pay for a good pair of shoes when you consider that they’ll last for several years a beautitui country and l’d love to visit it one day from a small town in Scotland going to talk about his or her painting a subject which has never interested me 10 Physics 11 These scissors 12 Diabetes 13 His ability to remember dates, facts and numbers 14 We were late because the traffic in the centre of town useless - they won’t even cut this paper properly not an easy condition to live vvith prodigious! terrible Complete the sentences vvith the singular or plural íorm of these words Use each vvord tvvice Add an article if necessary beauty cheese íailure noise paper room Their new flat has five There vvere some strange Larry has just bought himselí a Honda Atrica Twin - it’s! Don’t add not including the bathroom and kitchen Corning from the cupboard - our cat had got shut inside it! until the very end, or it vvill burn on developing world economics at the World Business Forum Richard is presenting l’m aíraid the music testival vvas At the end of the meal, we were served vvith a variety of French Could you put these T-shirts into your case? There’s no 10 as very few people came to any of the concerts in mine Monica Bellucci is tamous for her acting skills and for her timeless We seem to have run out of for the printer 11 from the machines was so ioud that vve couldn’t hear each other speak 12 is an inevitable part of life, but you rnusúTt let it get you down UNIT Unit c Circle the correct vvords D l’m allergic to chocolate / chocolates, so I can’t try your cake Let’s buy Mum a box of chocolate / chocolates for her birthday a b a Travelling around India for three months was an experience / experience ru never íorget b I regret to iníorm you that your lack of experience / experiences has precluded you from the tinal candidate selection a Would you like a toast / some toast and honey for breaktast? b l’d like to make a toast / toast to the happy couple - good health and a long life to you! a My tavourite game was marble / marbles and I used to have a collection of more than thirty b The kitchen counter is made of imported Italian marbles / marble a A group of youths / youth was hanging around the shopping centre b Ben regrets that he vvasted his youth / a youth partying instead of getting a decent a Michelangelo put in hundreds of hours of work / vvorks painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome b Some of the greatest work / vvorks of art can be seen in the Louvre Museum in Paris a A Vision / Vision ìs the sense vvhich I vvould most hate to lose b Gandhi promoted a Vision / Vision of India free of religious and political divisions a In the intervievv, l vvas asked to outline my strengths / strength as a person and as a íournalist b Jeremy was so depressed after losing the championship that sometimes he didn’t have the strength / a strength to go on education Read the sentences and make compound nọuns The contidence vvhich you feel in yourselt The light which comes from the moon A snake which makes a rattling noise A board which you can use to skate with The Central bone in your back A centre for playing ditíerent sports The room where you change your clothes in a shop A person who is tvvelve years old E Complete the sentences with a, an, the or no article (-) There is _ plethora of restaurants lining VVould you agree that Cubans have peacock possesses unrivalled reputation for being great Jade is not at all academic and I doubt sheTl apply to lf you think Alps are avve-inspiring, you should see We’re pianning a holiday to hoping to get good price l’m interested in learning how to play Let’s arrange holiday in Tovver She has 11 It is imperative that 12 There’s 14 10 I visit I íound dancers university Mount Everest up close cello;music has alvvays been France, including a few days in travel agent, we’re great love of mine Paris and a trip up Eittel cinema this evening, but we can’t decide whether to go on passion for expensive tabrics;silk is her tavourite 10 outing to beauty? Seychelles next summer and as my husband is We’re going on to take train Rome River Tiber in travellers to Katy Winters on private dentist once lot of Aírica be vaccinated against phone for you; she says she’s from year and each examination costs dìrty clothes under bed Yellow Fever Waterstones book shop hundred pounds foot or Vocabutary Michigan in Action Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence My tamily has been contemplating purchasing a of land just outside Margate, as an investment for the íuture a plot b loft c porch d patio 11 The shabby old house had nothing but worn green and blue patterned on the tloors and Emily decided to rip it all up to reveal the wooden tloor beneath it a carpet b vvallpaper c boards d upholstery Josh decided to opt for accommodation in the university’s as he believed living on campus vvould be more tun than being in the City centre a living quarters b construction site c flat share d halls of residence 12 Double in countries vvhere vvinters are long and cold and heat conservation is of paramount importance a sill b vvindovv c glazing d pane Zac was in such dire tinancial trouble that he was trom his home a converted b returbìshed c exchanged d evicted 13 You’ll never get permission for a three-storey house in this traditional Cotsvvold village a contract b dvvelling c surveyor d planning We are able to use our patio much more since we’ve had installed; it used to be too sunny to sit there during the day betore a a shutter b an awning c a cellar d a Seat 14 Daniel had the partition wall dividing the sitting room and the kitchen pulled down in order to create living space a an open-plan b a walk-in c an en-suite d an inner-city In the days betore tridges, most houses in the UK had a , vvhich, being below ground, was much cooler and could be used as a storeroom for vegetables and íruit a porch b ceỉlar c patio d loft 15 A in the ceiling of the room provided the only access to the attic, but you had to íetch and climb a ladder to reach it a vvorktop b tloorboard c skylight d trapdoor Each of the bedrooms in our holiday home has a small bathroom a walk-in b open-plan c en-suite d three-piece 16 We’re planning to build to our house now that we have three children a an attic b an extension c a conversion d a skylight Sturdy metal around the balcony means that you don’t need to worry about your child playing out there a bannister b tile c suite d railings 17 We want to replace the carpet in the kitchen with a tloor, which will be so much easier to keep clean a stained b thatched c tiled d decorated There’s vvater tlooding all over the kitchen! Quick! Call _! a a plumber b an estate agent c a decorator d a contractor 18 Please don’t let the dog sít on the new sofa - he’s going to ruin the ! a upholstery b bedding c vvorktop d turnishing All the vviring vvill have to stripped out and replaced - some of it’s been in the house for over titty years and is really quite dangerous a electritied b electrical c electrics d electrician 19 The contract you signed with the ovvners says that it’s illegal to your apartment, so you can’t rent it out to anyone else a íurnish b reíurbish c sublet d evict 10 walkway leads trom the main house to the stables and barns a A maintained b A thatched c An off-street d A paved 20 Our tenants have vvith we persuade them to pay a tallen behind c poured through the rent again How can us the money they owe? b put up d slid down UNIT 245 Idioms A Complete the captions under the pictures vvith the idioms belovv Make any necessary changes be vvrapped up in cotton wool on the ball out to lunch play wỉth fire sweep something under the rug take someone up the garden path lf Mr Delavvare believes your far-fetched story, he’s Her parents never let her go on any rides She’s clearly! since she was a baby B Tom can handle this business deal He’s alvvays You have to tell them what you’ve done lt’s no good _ Ị Kylie shouldn’t speak to her boss so rudely She’s And you believed her? It sounds to me like she’s Match the idioms from exercise A with their meanings below - : take unnecessary risks or behave in a dangerous way : be overprotected from danger and risk - : unaroare of or unable to understand vvhaưs going on : deceive or trick someone - : able to react to a situation quickly and successíully Í6 : hide something that is embarrassing Review5 Units 13-15 Cambridge Part Read the article and decide which ansvver (A, B, c or D) best fits each gap There is an example at the beginning (0) - — - —— - — _ - - _ _ - _ _ _ _ Opposites attract At tirst glance, it could be said that my grandparents, Archie and Dot Lambly, are a bít of an odd couple As far as physical (0) go, they couldn’t be more different At six foot three, my vvell-built grandtather looks as strong as an ox and tovvers over my slim five-foot-two grandmother Personality-vvise they seem miles apart, too Archie is (1) and quick-vvitted; alvvays eager to tell a joke and make people laugh Dot is (2) _ and hates being the centre of attention - she’s more than vvilling to let her spouse steal the show at parties and other social gatherings When entertaining at home, Archie can be tound standing right in the middle of the living room (3) , a group of visitors gathered around as he tells yet another anecdote In the meantime, Dot bustles busily at her kitchen (4) preparing drinks and snacks for her guests, happy as a clam To my mind, my grandparents (5) the saying ‘opposites attract’ pertectly They met when my grandtather had travelled to a tiny seaside village vvhere my grandmother lived (6) to find vvork as a shipbuilder In those days, Dot taught at the small local school Ít vvas love at íirst sight Despite their many (7) diíterences, both in build and personality, they vved and had tive children Next December, they vvill be celebrating their golden vvedding anniversary - fifty years of married lĩfe together - and a huge celebration is being planned for them If only more so-called ‘pertect couples’ could be as content as my grandparents despite being as diíterent as chalk and (8) ! A A A A A A A A A insights placid daring carpet board recollect so distinct chillies B B B Đ B B B B B attributes inhibited plucky bannister worktop mind ìn order emotional paint c c c c c c c c c dispositions retiring reserved trapdoor rug characterise so that cognitive cheese D D D D D D D D D attitudes gregarious tearless tloorboard skylight disrupt owing psychic ink Cambridge Part Read the text and think of the vvord vvhich best fits each space Use only one word in each space There is an example at the beginning (0) Be it ever so humble It is said (0) _ that ‘home is where the heart is’, but vvhat does this expression really mean? Well, think about for a second A person’s home is their sate place; a place where not (1) _ can they find security, but also comtort and vvarmth What’s more, a house paints a picture of the person living there - it provides clues to their character Let’s say you’ve been invited to the home of an acquaintance for the tirst time Betore they even let you in, you can probably tell a lot about them from the exterior of their residence Has the outside of the house (2) _ vvell-maintained? Has your acquaintance (3) _ it painted recently? If the ansvver to these queries is ‘yes’, then your new triend is probably a meticulous person; someone who takes pride in their possessions and themselves On the other hand, if the house has paint flaking off it and the shutters look like they haven’t been vvashed (4) _ anything more than rainwater in years, your new triend is probably a bít of a ‘sloth’ (5) _ that means is that they aren’t particularly concerned with how their surroundings look They are the type of laid-back person who habitually puts things off íor another day (6) _ this ‘labellỉng’ of your acquaintance may seem somevvhat untair, the chances are that vvhen you (7) _ enter their house, the interior vvill retlect what you saw outside (8) short, their home vvill probably turn out to be a very good indicator of the kind of person that you’ll be spending the next few hours or so vvith REVIEVV 247 Review i Units 13-15 Cambridge Part Read the text and use the vvord given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line There is an example at the beginning (0) A home for Iife For many of us, ovvning our own home is the dream of a litetime It is the ultimate accomplishment That being the casẹ, we work away week atter week scrimping and saving hoping that our (0)diligence wj|| pay off and that we will eventually have a place that we can call our own In many cases, the dream becomes reality and vve become (1)Hovvever, what happens as we grow older and we are afflicted with physical (2)vvhich may reduce our ability to move about our residence easily? Developing disabilities later in life can have many (3), one of them being vvhether we will be able to continue to live in the home that we vvorked so hard for If we were clever enough to have had the (4)to buy Insurance or put avvay money to support us in our later years, we can have (5)done vvhich will make the house better-suited to our new living needs Novvadays, there are (6)who specialise in just that They have been protessionally trained and educated to make the homes of older people more liveable and efficient For example, many of them have trained as (7), so if it has become too difficult for us to climb in and out of our old bathtub, they have got the skills to install a shower vvhich is far more suited to our physical limitations These people have had a lot of experience with this type of work and have developed an acute (8)of what is needed to keep aging people in the place they so dearly love their home D1LIGENT OVVNER IMPAIR IMPLY THOUGHT RENOVATE CONTRACT PLUMB AWARE Cambridge Part Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given Do not change the vvord given You must use betvveen three and eight words, including the word given Here ỉs an example (0) 248 The media reports that the burglar was caught this morning HAVE The burglar is reported to have been caught this morning The moment I got home the phone rang HARDLY the phone rang Even though Kevin spent months vvorking on the nevv sottvvare programme, he couldn’t get it to work SPITE - months M/orking on the new sottvvare programme, he couldn’t get it to work People believe that the use of pastel colours in the home creates a sense of contentment BELIEVED _ using pastel colours in the home, a sense of contentment is created Whenever vve go somevvhere with our actor íriend, Jason, people always know who he is MATTER - we go with our actor íriend, Jason, people alvvays know who he is Because of raiI vvorkers striking, many train Services have faced severe disruption DUE Many train Services have íaced severe disruption _ _ being held by rail vvorkers lt’s possible that the manager will fire James on account of his habitual absenteeism LIKELY James - on account of his habitual absenteeism Michigan in Action Choose the vvord or phrase that best completes the conversation or sentence Grammar Vocabulary for all her hard work.’ ‘Brilliant! She really deserves one.’ a A promotion to Karen vvill be given b A promotion will Karen be given c Karen vvill a promotion be given d Karen vvill be given a promotion I hate to say it, but l’m having about asking Joanne to the party; I think she’11 cause trouble a a second thought b second thoughts c double Vision d second sight ‘Why are you staying at your brother’s house?’ ‘Because I at the moment.' a am getting painted my flat b am getting my Hat to paint c am having my Hat painted d am having me paint my Hat People don’t usually use office anymore; now people communicate with their colleagues Via emails a mementoes b memos c keepsakes d letters Miriam is an incredibly person; did you know that she teeds all the stray cats in the neighbourhood? a self-centred b open-minded c warm-hearted d bad-tempered Excuse me Could you show me on this map? a where is the bus station b is the bus statìon where c where the bus station is d the bus station vvhere it is The roof ought to _ vvhen the other house repairs were done in the summer a have been replaced b replace c be replaced d have replaced My brother is a well-respected architect; he’s vvealthy and lives in part of the City a a trustvvorthy b a pioneering c a loyal d an attluent ‘Julia loved the Asian food you prepared last night.’ ‘Did she? now is learn how to make it for herselt.’ a What she should b What to she c She should be doing d Ail she should don’t want you to badly of me, but I have to tell you something - that dress really does not suit you a think b believe c realise d understand _in Scotland that make our holidays there so memorable a The people are b Ít is the people c Is it the people d The people are it Once Maggie learnt what Brian had said about her, she the truth about her so-called íriend a interpreted b realised c memorised d noticed go a c Jeremy is an excellent employee who himselt into his vvork and alvvays gets the job done on time a persists b dedicates c throvvs d vents I want to thank the person who is responsible for my receiving this avvard; , my agent, Joe Erancis a attervvards b namely c all in all d turthermore Of course I could install wrought-iron railings on your balcony, but that it vvill be expensive a bear in mind b cross your mind c put your mind to it d bring it to mind My grandparents gave me a large sum of money I vvould use it to get a university education a on no account b as a result of c in the hope that d on account of Don’t you remember Jack? Here, let me show you a photo of him Maybe that vvill your memory a commit b access c recall d jog 10 ‘Do your parents stay out late on school nights?’ ‘Never! I always have to be home by nine.’ a let you to b allovv you to c allow to you to d to let you 10 This is a very busy ottice and in your new position you vvill have to be able to think on your ! a toes b legs c feet d knees going to Luigi’s like vve alvvays do, we’re going to to Papa’s Pizza for a change Instead of b Aparttrom Except d As to REVIEVV 249 Appendix statíve and action verbs The verbs below can be used as both stative and action verbs Look at the examples and notice how the meaning changes appear That dress shop appears to have closed down Laura is appearing in Othello/ give the impression of take part in, pertorm in be Kim is a mondertul teacher You’re being very seltish! used to describe usual behaviour used to describe temporary behaviour consider Everyone considers her the tairest judge The twins are considering moving abroad regard as use your brain, think of cost That bracelet cost over £ /,500! University is costing students more each year have a price of cause to pay depend It depends on the cost of the tickets We’re depending on you Don’t let us down be dovvn to rely on expect expect you’re tired atter the tlight We’re expecting an otter any day nom imagine wait for feel Your íorehead teeỉs very hot feel you are mocking me He is teeling the soil to see if it’s moist The children are teeling excited give the sensation of being believe touch vvith your tingers have the sensation íorget usually torget mhere park the car Tm torgetting that you already knom Alec fail to remember not take into account have have some intormation for you Are you having a party to celebrate? We’re having lunch outside today possess, own used as part of an expression: have a party, have a good time, have a shomer, have tun, have dinner, etc hear hear you’ve bought a nem house I’m hearing strange noises trom the attic have been told imagine hold This bottle holds tmo litres Monica holds the title ‘Employee of the Year’ My great grandmother is holding me in this photo contain possess have in your hand/arms look She looks angry about something Why are you looking at your match? It won’t ma ke the time go any taster have the appearance use your eyes, watch mean What you mean he won’t be meeting us? Tve been meaning to ask you something be the meaning of intend measure The mindom measures m X ỉ.5 m ỉ’m measuring the mindom for nem curtains have as dimensions find the dimensions mind Do you mind maiting for a moment? My parents are minding the baby for us have any objection to look atter see Nom I see mhy you don’t like her I’m seeing the dentist tomorrom Did you knom that Jane and Reg are seeing each other understand meet go out with smell These tlomers smell lovely ỉ’m smelling the cream to check it isn’t off have a particular smell check the smell of taste This Soup tastes delicious Why are you tasting the sauce? Is it too salty? have a particular ílavour check the ílavour of think Do you think the second question is mrong? Tm thinking ofmy tavourite place right nom believe, have as an opinion use your brain vveigh This suitcase meighs a ton What’s in it? The butcher is meighing the mince have a vveight of find the vveight of 250 Appendix Prefixes and Suítixes The table belovv shovvs the most common prehxes and suttixes used to form verbs, nouns and adjectives There are also some examples of how the pretixes and suthxes are used See Unit íor more on pretixes and suttixes Verbs Suffix Examples Suítix Nouns Examples Suffix Adjectives Examples ~al arrival proposal ~ able dependable understandable riding smile -» smiling • lf a verb has one syllable and ends in one vovvel + consonant, we double the tinal consonant and add -ing hit hitting win -» winning svvim svvimming • lf a verb has tvvo or more syllables and ends in one vovvel + consonant, we double the íinal consonant and add -ing if the stress is on the tinal syllable If the stress is not on the íinal syllable, we not double the final consonant begin -> beginning open -»opening Ị • lf a verb ends in -/, we double the -/ and add -ing travel travelling Verb + -ed To form the past simple of regular verbs: • ALERT! If the verb ends in two vowels + consonant, we not double the tinal consonant wait vvaiting wear -> vvearing rain raining We add -d to verbs ending in -e dance danced hope hoped live -» lived • lf a verb ends in a consonant + -y, vve take off the -y and add -ied cry -» cried study -> studied hurry hurried • lf a verb has One syllable and ends in one vovvel + consonant, we double the íinal consonant and add -ed plan -» planned stop -> stopped rob -» robbed • lf a verb ends in -/, we double the -/ and add -ed travel travelled ALERT! If the verb ends in a vowel + -y, we add -ed stay -» stayed enjoy -» enjoyed play played ALERT! If a verb ends in -w or -X, we not double the íinal consonant snow -> snowed fix -»tixed mix -» mixed Comparison of adjectives To form the comparative and superlative form of adjectives: • lf an adjective ends in -e, we add -r for the comparative form and -st for the superlative form nice -» nicer -» nicest large -» larger -» largest • lf an adjective has one syllable and ends in One vowel + consonant, we doubie the tinal consonant and add -er or -est hot hotter hottest big bigger biggest • lf an adjective ends in -y, we take off the -y and add -er or -est happy happier -» happiest heavy -> heavier -> heaviest Adverbs of manner • lf an adjective ends in -y, we take off the -y and add -Hy to form the adverb of manner noisy -» noisily happy happily • lí an adjective ends in -/, we add -ly vvondertul -» wonderfully ✓ (wonderfuly X) beautitul beautiíully ✓ (beautituly X) 257 Phrasal Verbs ask after back out of back up bail sb out be cut out for be snovved under beat down blow over bond with break down break in/into break off break out (of) break through break up brighten up bring about bring along bring back bring forward bring off bring round bring up bucket down burst in/out ca II away call by call for call off care about care for carry off carry on carry out catch on catch up vvith check in check out check up check up on clamp down on clean up clear off clear out clear up close down 258 come across come back come down come down vvith come from come off come on come out come round come up against come up with come up with copy (sb) in cough up count (sb) in count up cross out cut back cut dovvn (on) cut in cut off cut out deal with die down die out dip into away with out of up vvithout dravv out draw up drop (sb) off drop back drop by drop out of drum up fall back on fall for fall in with fall out fall through feel li ke feel up to fill in fill in for sb Ị fork out get along (with) get at get avvay get away vvith get back (at) get by get in get off get on (vvith) get out get out of get over get round to get through get together get up get up to give avvay give in give oneselt up give out give up go atter go by go down vvith go for go in for go off go on go out go through go under go up against go vvith go vvithout grow up hand dovvn hand in hang around hang back hang on to have round head for hear from hear of help out hold back hold off hold on hold out hold up hop on join in join up jump out keep at keep back keep down keep off keep out keep up (with) key sth in to knock out knuckle down lay out leave in leave on leave out let down let in let in fbr let off let through live on live through live up to look atter look back on look down on look forward to look into look out look out for look over look to look up look up to make vvith make for make out make up make up for measure up to sth miss out note down pan out pass out pay back pay off pencil sth in pick out pick up play away play back play down pull down pull in pull off pull up put aside put away put by put down put off put on put out put up put up with rely on ring up rip sb off roll in rub out rule out run across run down run into run out of run over run up scrape by scrape through see off see through see to send for send on set aside set back set in set off set out settle up show off show round shut down sit up soak up speak up splash out stand by stand for stand in for stand out stand up for stand up to stay up step down stick out stick to stir up stop off switch off svvitch on ta ke atter take in ta ke off take on take out ta ke over ta ke to take up tell off think of think out think over throw away throw out tide sb over tidy up try on try out turn back turn down turn into turn off turn on turn out turn up waltz through watch out wear off wear out wipe off wipe out work out vvork up vvrite (sth/sb) off write down write up 259 ... Seat vvhile the top part of your body is upright, or lower your body so you are in a sitting position Set the vase of ílovvers on that table set out your clothes on your bed Please come and sit... director seemed to _■ _ Your apology means nothing if you’re not planning to change your ways IS Your apology you’re planning to change your ways Jason said that he hadn’t copied... necessary resilient she becomes Nearly all the students managed to passed their final exams OF Most. in passing their final exams All his ideas were a dismal tailure