Tài liệu Bài học phát âm tiếng Anh phần 1 trình bày các bài học phát âm, trọng âm, nhịp điệu và ngữ điệu. Với cách trình bày ngắn gọn cách phát từng âm riêng rẽ và trong câu nhằm giúp bạn đọc có thêm tư liệu để rèn luyện cách phát âm tiếng Anh một cách hiệu quả.
Trang 1Lê Văn Sự Giảng viên Tiếng Anh Trường Đại học Lạc Hồng
I5 phi Họcc PHAT Am TIENG ANH
105 ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION LESSONS
Bao gom:
H44 bài học phát âm dành cho học viên trình độ tiền trung cấp
H40 bài học phát âm dành cho học viên trình độ trung câp H 21 bài học về trọng âm, nhịp điệu và ngữ điệu
Đặc điểm:
H Trình bày ngắn gọn cách phát từng âm riêng rê và trong câu
H Luyện trọng âm của từ, nhịp điêu ngu điệu của câu và cụm từ n Chú ý đến quan hệ giữa chữ viết và cách phát âm của tử
H Có các bài luyện phụ âm, các từ hay phát âm sai, từ đồng âm di nghĩa, từ có các mau tự câm dạng yếu của 1u
Dùng cho:
Trang 2FOREWORD Dear readers,
This booklet can be used to improve your English pronunciation because you can find in it:
— suitable pronunciation lessons for learners of pre-intermediate and intermediate levels
— short and clear descriptions of how to shape your tongue in
order to produce certain sounds correctly
— summaries of the relationship between spellings and sounds
— words and sentences for practice and transcription
— special lessons on consonant clusters, frequently mispronounced words, silent letters and homonyms
— sections dealing with word stress, phrase stress, sentence stress,
strong and weak forms, rhythm and intonation ~ a lot of exercises to apply what has been treated
When finishing this course, you'll get the foundation for a better English pronunciation thanks to the exposure to almost all the important aspects of speech training These aspects are of practical,
not academic value They are easy to understand and practise
Therefore, all kinds of English learners can get access to them
We hope that this material will bring benefits to those who wish
to gain a good and standard English accent
LE VAN SU Vice Director
Dong Nai Informatics & Foreign
Trang 3LỜI MỞ ĐẦU
Bạn đọc thân mến,
Tập sách nhỏ này có thể được dùng để trau dồi cách phát âm tiếng Anh của bạn bởi lẽ các bạn có thể tìm thấy trong đó:
- Những bài học về phát âm thích hợp với các học viên trình độ tiền trung cấp và trung cấp
- Những giải thích ngắn gọn và rõ ràng về cách định hình lưỡi để
phát những âm nào đó cho đúng
~ Những tóm tắt về sự liên hệ giữa chữ uiết uà âm đọc — Những ¿ừ uờ câu để luyện tập uà phiên âm
- Những bài học đặc biệt về cựn phụ âm, những từ thường phát âm sai, mẫu tự câm và từ đông âm dị nghĩa
- Các phan dé cap đến rọng âm của từ, cụm uù câu, dạng mạnh yếu, nhịp điệu uà ngữ điệu
— Nhiều bài tập áp dụng những điều vừa được đề cập đến
Khi kết thúc giáo trình này, bạn sẽ có được nền tảng cho việc
phát âm tiếng Anh khả quan hơn nhờ được cọ xát với hầu như tất cả
các khía cạnh quan trọng của việc luyện âm Những khía cạnh này
mang tính thực hành, chứ không học thuật Chúng dễ hiểu và dễ thực hành Vì vậy, tất cả các loại học viên đều có thể tiếp cận chúng
Chúng tôi hi vọng rằng tài liệu này sẽ mang lại lợi ích cho những
ai mong muốn có được giọng chuẩn tiếng Anh tốt
LÊ VĂN SỰ
` Phó Giám Đốc
Trang 4FOREWORD Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Lesson 7 Lesson 8 Lesson 9 Lesson 10 Lesson 11 Lesson 12 Lesson 13 Lesson 14 Lesson 15 Lesson 16 Lesson 17 Lesson 18 Lesson 19 Lesson 20 CONTENTS Part One 44 PRONUNCIATION LESSONS FOR LEARNERS OF PRE-INTERMEDIATE LEVEL
ENGLISH SOUNDS AND PHONETIC SYMBOLS THE ENGLISH VOWELS /i:/ and /1/
THE ENGLISH VOWEL /e/ THE ENGLISH VOWEL /a/
THE ENGLISH VOWEL /8:/ -sscsssssssesssccsssesesunaseeenteesseecsseseaneeseene 19 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /O/ 2 0::-csscsseessssescoseesssseesenieecanenensnecsnneesnes 20 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /2:/ - -c:cnsenheniehirree 21 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /0/ scscsssssssessseesessseeeseeeneeenecennessnesaneeseess 22 THE ENGLISH VOWEL // -
THE ENGLISH VOWEL /a/ THE ENGLISH VOWEL /2/
THE ENGLISH VOWEL /32/ -sss0c-ssscsccscsereeesstestteeeeeseersnneesasetenney 27 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /e1/ 0cscsccccssseeseeesntesseeeneessesseneniess 28 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHING /au/ -. cnehhtn 29 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /a1/ -: snenhhn 30 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /a0/ -+rtnthtnh 31 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /51/
THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /1a/ : -: -: -:ntcnnhttnh THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /ea/
Trang 5Lesson 21 Lesson 22 Lesson 23 Lesson 24 Lesson 25 Lesson 26 Lesson 27 Lesson 28 Lesson 29 Lesson 30 Lesson 31 Lesson 32 Lesson 33 Lesson 34 Lesson 35 Lesson 36 Lesson 37 Lesson 38 Lesson 39 Lesson 40 Lesson 41 Lesson 42 Lesson 43 Lesson 44
THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /p/ + /D/ -sscces:ssessssesenseeeeeeeeeeen 36 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /t/ + /d/ ccccccsssssecsessssssssietssesseeseeeeeeeee 37 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /k/ + /g/ 22 2222222222 „39 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /f/ & /v/ -©222c z2222zcsrrsee At THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /0/ + /O/ cccccccccsssssssseessesssseecesssseeseeee 43 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /s/ and /2/ cc.cs:sssesessssesssseeeeseeeeee 45 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /f/ 8 /3/ cccccscccssssssssssseessessseveeseseeeeee 47 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /t[/ and /d3/ ccceccsscssssseesesseeessseeee 49 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /b/ csccscssscssssseesesssssesstestesssseesseeeeeee 52 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /I/ ccccssssscosesessscsessesessesssssseveeseeevees 53 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /t/ c ccccccsscccssssessecssssessseessesssseesessevece 55 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /n/ & /1/ .cccccscccssssssssssssesseesseseesesseeee 57 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /P/ cccccccsssscccsssssssesssessessssseseeeesseeeseoen 59 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /j/ ccccccccesscsccsssesesessssvsesseseseessveesesseeee 61 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /W/ ccccccscsccsssssessssssseseeesssveseessseceeeeee 62 PRONUNCIATION OF THE ENDINGS -S & ED 2 63 RULES OF PRONUNCIATION — SYLLABIC CONSONANTS -
CONSONANT CLUSTERS .ccccccsecsessssssssecsssssssvesessnsesevsessessvecessevese 65 TWO-CONSONANT CLUSTERS AT THE END 0F W0RDS 67 THREE- or F0UR—CONSONANT CLUSTERS
Trang 6Lesson † Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Lesson 7 Lesson 8 Lesson 9 Lesson 10 Lesson 11 Lesson 12 Lesson 13 Lesson 14 Lesson 15 Lesson 16 Lesson 17 Lesson 18 Lesson 19 Lesson 20 Lesson 21 Lesson 22 Lesson 23 Part Two 40 PRONUNCIATION LESSONS FOR LEARNERS OF INTERMEDIATE LEVEL APPROACH TÔ THE 00URSE CS 1-2020 luse 77 PHONETIC SYMBOLS — ARTICULATION — SPEECH ORGANS 3 ENGLISH SOUNDSEVLA À.22 c2 cioouoio nnn 82 PHONEMIC TRANSGRIPTION - WORD STRESS 85 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /i:/ -5.cccccieiieire 86 THE ENGLISH VOWEL Hs: ecnbiocionibnugittttiggggatgaagsa 87 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /e/
THE ENGLISH VOWEL /e/ THE ENGLISH VOWEL /a:/ THE ENGLISH VOWEL /o/ THE ENGLISH VOWEL /9:/
THE ENGLISH VOWEL /0/ 2522222221221 97 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /uz/ 2222522522211 tre 98 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /A/ 5255212222212 100 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /z/ - -55 525552-53 102 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /3z/ 2-2252522-22222222ecee 108 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /eư/ -2-5552-52 104 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /au/ -52-52s2-5225% 107 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /2U/ 555522252 108
THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /1a/ cose 109
Trang 7Lesson 24 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /ao/ - co: 115 Lesson 25 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /p/ AND /b/
Lesson 26 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /t/ AND /d/ - Lesson 27 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /k/ AND /g/
Lesson 28 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /f/ AND /w/
Lesson 29 THE ENGLISH CONTRAST /8/ AND /ði -. -7-2 127 Lesson 30 THE ENGLISH CONTRAST /s/ AND /2/ - - ò- 252cc se 130 Lesson 31 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /ƒ/ AND / 133 Lesson 32 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /tƒ/ AND /dz 135 Lesson 33 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /ñ/ - . 2-5: ccccccccSe- 138 Lesson 34 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /J/ -5-5-cccccc>, Lesson 35 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /m/
Lesson 36 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /n/ Lesson 37 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /n/
Lesson 38 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /t/ ccsscsceseesseesseseeeeteeseseseeeeessees 146 Lesson 39 THE ENGLISH GONSONANT /j/ -222- 55c tre, 147 Lesson 40 THE ENGLISH GONSONANT /w/ -¿¿ 2c 148
Part Three
ENGLISH ACCENTUATION, RHYTHM AND INTONATION (21 LESSONS)
Lesson 1 WORD STRESS wo ccccscssesesscseeecsscacsssscsvaceessnsasseacanevenevsrees 151 Lesson 2 PHRASE AND SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR PRIMARY
STRESS — COMPOUND NOUNS 0Q Q0 2222121121215 sec 157 Lesson 3_ PHRASE AND SENTENSE STRESS MINOR TERTIARY STRESS 159 Lesson 4 PHRASE AND SENTENCE STRESS MINOR WEAK STRESS
Trang 8
Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Lesson 7 Lesson 8 Lesson 9 Lesson 10 Lesson 11 Lesson 12 Lesson 13 Lesson 14 Lesson 15 Lesson 16 Lesson 17 Lesson 18 Lesson 19 Lesson 20 Lesson 21
PHRASE AND SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS
- NOUN MODIFIERS 5255521551115 nen Hee 163 PHRASE AND SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS — NOUN MODIFIERS (cont'd) .ccccccccsecsssessscssseecssecsssecereessseessreserere 165 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS
= VERBS once CNN GS cc cccccscsccsceccstesoocssccesccsssionsossssvocsesee 167 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS
— NOUNS ccccccccccoscccccccsececcecsseccesecsesstssessecsestessesevesesseseveeevessesseenee 170 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS
3 API VERBS n 171 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS
- NEGATIVES Hs se Limos Mood 173 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS
— OTHER WORDS ooo ce.ccccccccccccesecccsecsesesesesecessseesessesssesvestvaveseesveseeseee 174 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MINOR TERTIARY STRESS
~ TWO WORD VERBS -.ccccccccccsecosecsccsccsesesesesssessessesseseesecsseseeesen 176 STRONG and WEAK FORMS cccccccccccscssccsecsecesessesseesseeresseeseeseeee: 178 ENGLISH RHYTHM ccccccccccccececcsccoccesesecccesessecsveseeseceresvesesneseesven 184 RISING — FALLING INTONATION .-ccccccccccccccseccoseoseestsecesesteeseeeeee 188 RISING INTONATION .cccccccccccccceccccsescoceesecsesseestestesscseeeeeseeareereeneee 192 COMBINATION OF RISING-FALLING INTONATION and RISING ONE 195 SUSTAINED INTONATION ccccccccccccccscsscescesecssesseessessestessseeeseeeeesves 198 GRAPHIC !INTONATION (Ngữ Điệu Qua Biểu Đồ) - 200 APPENDIX 1: STRESS 0F OMP0UND WORDS 5-5 208 APPENDIX 2: STRESS OF WORD PAIRS OF 2 SYLLABLEG 210
Trang 10Lesson 1
English sounds are describled in the form of phonetic symbols:
l 12 VOWELS
1./1 seat /SI:U 7 /0/ not /IDƯ
2./1/ sit /SIU 8 /u:/ too Au:/ 3 /e/ when /wen/ 9 /ö/ look Nok/
4 fel cat /kKav/ 10 /A/ up /ap/ 5 /a:/ hard /ha:d/ 11 /3/ bird /b3:d/
6 /9:/ sort /so:/ 12 /a/ a /o/
Il 8 DIPHTHONGS
1 /e1 day /de 5 /ea/ chair /t[ca/
2 /ai/ my /mat/ 6 /09/ tour 104/ 3 /3U boy /b21⁄ 7 /ao/ go /290/
4 /ia/ here /hia/ 8 /av/ now /nav/ Ill 24 CONSONANTS
1 /p/ pen /pen/ 13 /f/ shoe /fu:/
2 /b/ big /big/ 14 /4/ pleasure /ple’33/ 3 /U ;wo /tuz⁄ 15 /t{/ church /tfa:tf/ 4 /d/ do /du:/ 16 /d3/ judge /d3.\d3/ 5 /K/ look /uk/ 17 /m/ meet /mi:V 6 /g/ get /gev 18 /n/ no /na0/
Trang 12Lesson 2 THE ENGLISH VOWELS I DESCRIPTION hil The front of the tongue is raised The mouth is nearly closed
The lips are spread
a
er
There is little space between the jaws Ad
1 The front of the tongue is raised
2 The mouth is half close 3 The lips are spread
4 The jaws are a little more apart for /1/ il SPELLING
i 1 Letter A in the final ate, age
Ex: intimate, delicate, village, cottage
2 Letter E in the prefixes be, de, re
Ex: begin, become, decide, return 3 EY: money, storey
But key /ki:/
Trang 13Letter I in words of monosyllable ending with i + consonant
Ex: bit, sit, dim, him, twin
UI: build, guilt, guitar, equivalent, colloquial
But mosquito (moskwi:’ tau)
Y in an unstressed syllable of a word
Ex: copy, candy, quality, gravity, slowly But qualify, modify
Al
Letter E before the final form: consonant + e Ex: be, he, she, me
scene, complete, Vietnamese
EA: easy, east, dean, heat, neat, dream, beam, breathe,
creature
EE: see, free, agree, heel, screen, cheese, guarantee EI: seize ceiling deceive receive receipt
Letter I in some words from the French origin
Ex: machine, regime, mandoline, sardine, routine, magazine,
chemise (fa mi:z)
IE: when it is inside vowels of a word Ex: grief, chief, believe, belief
Il PRACTICE
16
fiy tụ Sentences:
seen sin 1 I see the green sea
leave live 2 We crossed the sea in three weeks
seat sit 3 This is a big city
Trang 14reach rịch 4 It is half past six feel fill Lesson 3 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /e/ eee — = I DESCRIPTION lel
1 The front of the tongue is raised
2 The mouth is between half—close and half—open
3 The opening between the jaws is medium
ll SPELLING
1 Letter E in words of monosyllable ending with one or more
consonants (except R), or in a stressed syllable of a word
Ex: bed get met them debt send mémber novémber eléven BUT: her, term, interpret (int3:priv
2 EA: head, bread, breath, breakfast, steady, jealous (d33élas),
meadow, measure, leather, pleasure
3 EI: leisure, heifer (héfa): bd nai to
4 Special case: Pallmall (péelmeél), Thames (temz)
lil PRACTICE
lel /i/ Sentences:
head hid 1 The lesson ends at ten after seven
ten tin 2 He read about the ten men
set sit 3 When did you get your new dress?
left lift
Trang 15fell fill 4 He sent a letter to his friend belt built Lesson 4 I DESCRIPTION lel
1 The front of the tongue is raised
2 The mouth is between half—open and open
3 The jaw opening is medium to wide
il SPELLING
1 Letter A in words of monosyllable ending with one or more
consonants
Ex: lad, dam, fan, map, rank, thanks, catch, thatch
2 Letter A when it is in a stressed syllable of a word having more
than one syllable and stands before 2 consonants
Ex: candle, captain, baptize, latter (l@to), narrow, manner, calculate BUT: stranger
ill, PRACTICE
lel lel Sentences:
bad bed 1 The man has an apple
sad said 2 The black cat sat by the sad man
land k lend om 3 Ask the man with the tan hat in his
man men hand
Sat set 4 You can have another lamb
marry merry
Trang 16Lesson 5 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /a:/ fail I DESCRIPTION
1 The back of the tongue is raised 2 The mouth is fully open
3 The jaws are fairly wide apart tt, SPELLING
1 Letter A in words of monosyllable ending with R or R +
consonant, or in a syllable of a word when A stands before R +
consonant
Ex: bar, far, star, barn, cart, harm, sharp, charm, departure
BUT scarce /skeas/, quart /kwo:t/, sparrow /spe@rau/
2 AU: aunt, laugh, draught
3 Special case: clerk /kla:k/, Derby /da:b1/
tl PRACTICE
/a:/ /el Sentences:
harm ham 1 Father never parks the car well
part pat 2 John started to argue with the guard cart cat 3 He isn’t a famous architect
a me 4 Tom is very fond of modern art
march match
Trang 17Lesson ó THE ENGLISH VOWEL /o/ I DESCRIPTION ~ © we lol The back of the tongue is raised The mouth is half—open
The lips are slightly rounded but not pushed forward
The jaws are fairly wide apart
II SPELLING
1 Letter A in the stressed syllable of words of monosyllable beginning with W
Ex: was /woz/, want, wash, watch
BUT: way, waste, wax /weks/ (sap ong)
Letter O in words of monosyiiable ending with one consonant and in the stressed syllable of words having more than one syllable Ex: cod, lot, snob, logic, coffee, doctor, modern, solitary, opposite
ti PRACTICE
20
John is strong but olive /oliv/ is not
A dog is sitting on a rotten log (khtic g6 muc) This cross country runner is lost
The yatch /jot/ is locked at the docks
/ol fa:/
lodge large
Trang 18pot part lost last cost cast, caste cough calf Lesson 7 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /2:/ I DESCRIPTION re wo Nn foil
The back of the tongue is raised
The mouth is between half close and half open The lips are more rounded than for /o/
The jaws are fairly wide part
fl SPELLING
1; Letter A in words of monosyllable ending with “Il”
Ex: all, call, tall, small, fall, ball, hall, wall
BUT: shall
AU: in most cases: fault, haunt, launch, audience, daughter, naughty, laundry
AW: in all cases: law, dawn, crawl, draw, awful, awkward Letter O when it stands before R + consonant
Ex: born, corpse, horn, lord, north, pork, sort, fortify, morning, portable, portrait
OA: when it stands before R + consonant Ex: oar, roar, board, soar
Trang 196 OU: four, pour, court, course, mourn, source, cough, ought,
bought, fought
ll PRACTICE
/2:/ /2/ /a:/ Sentences:
cord cod card 1 I talked almost an hour with his
dawn don darn daughter |
port pot part 2 Miss Shaw bought her
caught cot cart automobile in August
pork pock park 3 We all ought to go for a walk
stork stock stark 4 The water in the sea is salty Lesson 8 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /i/ i DESCRIPTION Il The back of the tongue is raised
The tongue is raised to a position a little above half-close
The lips are fairly rounded, but slightly protruded hà 2 VS The openning between the jaws is medium ll SPELLING
1 Letter O: bosom, woman
OU: _ could, should, would, douche /du f/
OO: _ book, brook, good, look
Letter U: bush, full, pull, push, put, butcher, bullock, bullet
mm
wo
Trang 20il PRACTICE fol could fully put look cook shook /o/ cod folly pot lock cock shock Sentences:
1 The woman took a good book to read 2 He gave the woman a good cook book 3 You should put some wood in the fireplace 4 She looked at the cook book Lesson 9 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /u:/ 1 DESCRIPTION /u:/ 1 The back of the tongue is raised
2 It is raised nearly to the close position 3 The lips are rounded and protruded il SPELLING 1 Letter O: two, who, you, do, move, lose, prove, tomb 2 OO: BUT: 3 OU:
booth, cool, food, goose, soot, spoon, tool, tooth, bamboo,
cuckoo, doomsday, zoo blood, flood
group, troupe (ganh hat), wounded, soup
4 Letter U: blue, flute /flu:t/, brutal, brute (ngudi thé bao), lunar,
salute, linatic, lubricate
Trang 21BUT: fluid /flóid/, ruin /röin/
ii, PRACTICE
/u:/ /o/ Sentences:
fool full 1 It is too soon to call Sue
pool pull 9 ‘There are two new students in our
luke (:warm) group
tune look 3 The cool June weather caused the duck - flowers to lose their colour
few : 4 It was too cool to swim in the pool Lesson 10 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /a/ i DESCRIPTION 4 fal The middle of the tongue is raised
It is raised only slightly to a position midway between half-open and open
The lips are spread
The jaws are wide apart
ll SPELLING
1
24
Letter O in words of monosyllable and in the stressed syllable of a word having more than one syllable
Ex: come, some, done, love, does, other, among, monkey, mother, brother, honey, nothing, company, thorough
Trang 22trouble, cousin /kAzn/, nourish /nAri{/, flourish, southerns
3 Letter U in the prefixes, UN-UM and in some common words:
cup, gun, skull, uneasy, unable, umbrella
BUT: busy, bury, minute
lll PRACTICE
UN lel !a:! /o/ lol
luck lack lark lock look
putt pat part pot put
cud cad card cod could
cut cat cart cot cook
Sentences:
1 Come up to see us sometimes
2 You must come for supper some Sunday
3 The mother gave her son some money 4 This must be done by one o'clock
Lesson 11
THE ENGLISH VOWEL /2/
I DESCRIPTION
Tal
The central part of the tongue is raised The lips are spread
Bo
yop
The opening between the jaws is medium
It is raised to the half—open position, or slightly lessened
Trang 23II SPELLING
i Letter A in most of the unstressed syllable of a word
Ex: separate, changeable, balance, explanation, capacity, national
Letter E in an unstressed syllable of a word
Ex: silent, open, chicken, prudent, generous, different, sentence, punishment Letter O in an unstressed syllable of words having more than one syllable Ex: atom, bosom, compare, control, freedom, handsome, random, pardon tll PRACTICE 26 Sentences:
around eleven 1 We agree that he is an again businessman unpopular president
aloud Furope 2 The plane finally arrived in agree children Alaska
lesson distance 3 He went away two months ago
level alike 4 Havana is the capital of Cuba
Trang 24Lesson 12 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /3:/ I DESCRIPTION 3 ta:/ The middle of the tongue is raised
It is raised to a point midway between half-close and half-open, or slightly higher
The lips are spread as for /i:/
There is little space between the jaws SPELLING EA: _ learn, earth, heard, earn, pearl, search BUT: ocean Letter U in words of monosyllable ending U + R and in words having U + R + consonant
Ex: blur, fur, urge, burn, curse, hurt, nurse, purse, burglar,
furnish, surgery, Thursday
Special case: connaisseur /kon1s3:/, colonel /k3:nl/
ill PRACTICE
/3:/ Jal Sentences:
bird bud 1 I heard only the first and third words burn bun 2 In that firm, they go to work early
fen fin 3 The girls are learning German
curt cut
4 She hurt her arm and burned her hand hurt hut
Trang 25Lesson 13
THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /e1/
1 DESCRIPTION
The tongue and the lips begin in position for /e/ and change
rapidly to position for /1/
II SPELLING
1 a
Letter A is pronounced as /e1/
In words of monosyllable having the final form: a + consonant + e Ex: cane, late, cape, fate, lake, gate, safe, tape, date
Ina syllable just before the final ION and IAN
Ex: translation, liberation, Australian, Asian, Canadian, nation
BUT: companion, mansion, Italian, librarian
AI > /ei/ when it stands before a consonant except R
Ex: mail, nail, sail, maid, wait, faint, afraid
AY — /ei/ in all words having AY
Ex: day, hay, gay, play, ray, stay, tray, pay, lay BUT: quay, mayor /mé2/, papaya /papaija/
EA > /el/ as in: great, break, steak
EI > /el/ as in: eight, weight, neighbour
EY -› /€1/ as in: they, grey, obey
il PRACTICE
28
lev/ lel Sentences:
raid red 1 The train is waiting at a railway
Trang 26fail fell 2 James plays with trains and planes
late let 3 Jane bakes eight cakes date debt taste test 4 James takes a cake from Jane’s plate Lesson 14 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHING /3u/ 1 DESCRIPTION
The tongue and the lips begin in position for /3/ and change
rapidly to position for /v/
il SPELLING
1
a
O is pronounced as /20/:
When it is at the end of a word
Ex: no, go, so, echo, mosquito potato, tomato, archipelago (quan
đảo)
BUT: todo
In words of monosyllable ending with two consonants or consonant + e and in the stressed syllable of words having more than one syllable
Ex: comb, cold, code, mode, mole, sofa, lotus, lotion, solar, mobile, moment, soldier
BUT: bomb, fond, soft, long, strong
OA —› /20/ in words of monosyllable ending with one or sometimes
two consonants
Ex: coal, coat, foam, goat, loan, road, soap, roast, toast, coast
Trang 273 OU => /av/: dough, soul, shoulder, poultry
4 OW - /av/: as in: bow, low, row, sow, know, show, slow, narrow, window, tomorrow
III PRACTICE
/eu/ /9:/ Sentences:
code cord 1 Joe has a noble Roman nose
bone born(e) 2 Joe and Joan go for a stroll
Hone Morn 3 Joan won’t go home alone pole "nh 4 Joe shows us his roses coal call SOW saw coat caught Lesson 15 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /a1/ I DESCRIPTION
The tongue and the lips begin in position for /a/ and change rapidly to position for /1/
ll SPELLING
1 EI — /ai/ in: either, neither, height
2 Letter I is pronounced as /ai/: in words of monosyllable ending with 1 + consonant + e
Ex: bite, site, kite, dine, side, tide, like, mine
BUT: live, give
3 IE — /ai/ when it is the final vowel of words of monosyllable
Trang 28Ex: die, lie, pie, tie
4 Ul -—-/al/: in the words having UI + consonant + e Ex: guide, quite, inquire, require BUT: quiet 5 Letter Y > /al/ in words of monosyllable or in a stressed syllable of a word Ex: cry, fly, shy, sly (lau ca), type, deny, rely, cycle, dynamo /dú¡nama0/ BUT: hymn /him/, typical, pyramid /piramid/ iil PRACTICE /at1/ ride pủe mile like rice light /ev/ | raid mail lake race late Sentences:
1 A white kite is flying high in the sky
2 Clive climbs high spires /spa1oz/ at
night
3 She is quite nice but shy
4 He tried to find a fine white wine
Lesson 16
THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /avu/
I DESCRIPTION
The tongue and the lips begin in position for /a/ and change rapidly to position for /0/
i! SPELLING
1 OU ~ /av/ as in: bound, cloud, doubt, foul (ban), found, ground,
Trang 29loud, plough, mouth, south, around, sound, mountain
2 OU — /aud/ as in: our, hour, flour, sour
3 OW > /av/ as in: vow, brow, plow, pc ser, towel, down
il PRACTICE
/aO/ /a0/ - /aU
found phoned find
mound moaned mind
how hoe high
bow bow (tie) buy
bout boat bite
rout wrote right
This owl /aol/ has found a brown mouse on the ground
A hound (ché san) has a groux (con gà g6) in its mouth
The crowd shouted loudly /& ĐA Km £ The loud shouts of the crowd drown the sound of the loudspeaker Lesson 17 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /o1/ I DESCRIPTION
The tongue and the lips begin in position for /2/ and changed rapidly to position for /1/
ll SPELLING
1 OTF: oil, boil, spoil, soil
2 OY: boy, destroy, joy
Trang 30ll PRACTICE
/2a1/ , Sentences:
noise 1 Mr Hoyle /haIl/ toils with the soil
soil 2 Roy is a noisy boy oil 3 Joyce /dza1s/ enjoys annoying Roy Joy point 4 Roy destroys my toys choice Lesson 18 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /13/ I DESCRIPTION
The tongue and the lips begin in position for /1/ and change
rapidly for /a/
ll SPELLING
1 EA +>/12/ as in: tear(n), clear, rear, spear, fear, beard, weary
2 EE — /19/: when it stands before the final R of a word
Ex: beer, cheer, deer, steer, career, engineer, overseer
3 peer /pia/, idea /atdi 9/, Ian /1an/, weir /wia/, weird /wiad/
Ill PRACTICE
Nal Iv Sentences:
beard bead 1 They hear the cheers at the rear
reared reed 2 The cheer is clear
Weird weed 3 King Lear is nearly in tears
Trang 31here he 4 They fear the deer is dearer and
pierce peace dearer this year
Lesson 19
THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /e2/
| DESCRIPTION
The tongue and the lips begin in position for /e/ and change rapidly to position for /2/
il SPELLING
1 Letter A is pronounced as /ed/ in words of monosyllable or in a
stressed syllable of a word when A stands before, RE, RI
Ex: bare, care, dare, rare, area /éoria/, parent /péar2nU, prepare, various /véarias/, librarian, invariable
BUT: are
2 AI — /ea/ when it stands before R
Ex: air, fair, hair, chair, stair, dairy /déar1/, fairy 3 EA - /ed/ as in: bear, pear, tear(v), wear, swear
4 EI — /ed/ as in: heir, their il PRACTICE
/ea/ Nal Sentences:
air ear 1 We have various pairs of things to
hair here wear
pair peer 2 Mary is scared of fairies in the
fair fear dairy /déar1/
dairy dearie 3 Sarah has fair hair
rarely really 4 She stared at the hairy bear
Trang 32Lesson 20
THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /ua/
i DESCRIPTION
The tongue and the lips begin in position for /u/ and change rapidly to position for /2/
ll SPELLING
1 OO - /o2/: in words of monosyllable ending in R Ex: moor, poor
BUT: door, floor
2 OU —>/02/ as in: tour, tourist, gourd /guod/
3 Letter U: is pronounced as /jU2/ in the words having U + R +
VOWEL ‘
Ex: cure, lure /ljua/, pure, during, endure, furious, bureau
/ojGarav/ il PRACTICE
/oa/ fu:/ Sentences:
tour two 1 It is a dour, cruel, furious boor /bue/
Sure shpe 2 He is a curious /kjuarias/ tourist cure queue
Trang 33Lesson 21
THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /p/ + /b/ { DESCRIPTION
Ip/
1 It may be defined shortly as a voiceless bilabial stop 2 It is formed by closing the lips
3 The vocal cords are not made to vibrate
fb/
1 It may be defined shortly as a voiced bilabial stop
Trang 34—_ B is silent when fñnal, after M or before T: lamb, debt, doubt,
subtle
Hl PRACTICE
/p/ /b/ Sentences:
pea bee 1 The paper was printed and published
pig big without profit
pill bill 2 Paula carefully put the apples and pack back peaches in the basket
port bought 3 The boy hid behind the back fence
push bush 4 The waitress brought us bread but no butter Lesson 22 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /t/ + /d/ I DESCRIPTION IU 1 A voiceless apico alveolar stop
Trang 35ll SPELLINGS L 2 — (regular): taught Alveolar /t, d/ — “ED” in past verbes ending in a voiceless consonant 2 DD: — (except /L/)
Ex: wrapped, walked, passed -
Exceptional words: eighth, Thames /tem7/, Thomas (regular): did
“ED” in past verbs ending in a vowel or a voiced consonant (except /d/): stayed, raised, rubbed lil PRACTICE /U torn ton two train try town sent 38 /d/ dawn done do drain dry down send Sentences:
1 What’s the matter with him? 2 How much is two times two? Two
times two is four
3 A friend in need is a friend indeed
Trang 36cart card sort sword /s9:d/ eight aid /etd/ rate raid great grade Lessen 23 THE ENGLISH C@NS@NANTS /k/ + /g/ I DESCRIPTION “
1 A voiceless velar stop
2 It is formed by raising the back of the tongue to touch the soft palate
3 The vocal cords are not made to vibrate
“g/
1 A voiced velar stop
2 It has the same formation as /k/ 3 The vocal cords are made to vibrate fl SPELLINGS
1 /k/:
a K (or CK) (regulation): king, back
b XK is silent when initial and before n, as in knee, knock, know,
knight, knowledge, kneel
Trang 3740
velar /k, g/ C (except before e, i or y): cart, come, cut, act, music
CH (some words): character /kzerikta/, stomach /stamak/, chemist,
Christmas
QU (a few words): conquer /kónka/, liquor /lika/, lacque, plaque,
quay
Mi
G (regular): go, leg, agree, “G” is silent in the group GN: reign /rein/ (= rain), foreign, sign
G (common): get, give
X — /gz/ before a stressed vowel (except in words beginning with EXC)
Ex: exact, examine
Trang 38Il PRACTICE
/„ /g/ /k/ /g/
card guard back bag
curl girl rack rag
came game lack lag
class glass | dock dog
crane grain | lock log
crow grow | flock flog
Sentences:
1 Can you come at six o'clock?
2 I like eggs, bacon, biscuits and coffee for breakfast
3 We'll have to get together another time
Trang 392 It is formed at exactly the same manner, but the vocal cords are made to vibrate
ll SPELLING
/f/ /v/ L
—~ F (regular): fine, off
~ PH (regular): philosophy /filosaf1/
— GH (a few words): laugh, draught /dra:ft/, cough, rough, enough NB: lieutenant /leftenant/
2 /v/
~ V (regular): vivid
-— F (single word): of /ov/, (weak /av/)
aa PH (single word): nephew /nevju:/, also /néfju:/, Stephen /sti:vn/
il PRACTICE
/f/ /V/
filler villa
Sentences:
1 He followed his father’s teaching
fail vale, veil faithfully
Trang 40fine vine 2 Please feel free to correct my
leaf leave pronunciation faults
half halve 3 We all voted in favour of the longer
staff starve vacation
proof prove 4 The plan which he devised was a
safe save very clever one
Lesson 25
THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /6/ + /6/ 1 DESCRIPTION
/8/
1 A voiceless inter-dental fricative
2 The sound is formed by putting the tip of the tongue between the
upper teeth and the lower teeth
3 The soft palate is raised, the vocal cords are not made to vibrate
/d/
1 A voiced inter-dental fricative
2 /0/ is the voiced counterpart of /6/ , but the vocal cords are made to vibrate