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THANH HOA CITY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DIEN BIEN SECONDARY SCHOOL INITIATIVES HOW TO TEACH ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION FOR 6th GRADERS AT DIEN BIEN SECONDARY SCHOOL Writer: Mai Thi Thu Thuy Position: Teacher Place of work: Dien Bien Secondary School Subject: English TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com THANH HOA, MAY 2020 INDEX TITTLE PAGE Introduction 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Practical basic 1.3 Research subjects and time 1.4 Reasearch purposes 1.5 Research methods Contents 2.1 Theoretical basic 2.2 Actual situations 2.3 Solutions 2.3.1.Process of a phonetic lesson 2.3.2.Some factors affect the phonetic teaching 2.3.3.Training techniques in ta phonetic lesson 10 2.3.4.Apply in real lesson 11 2.4 The results 17 Conclusions and recommendations 18 3.1 Conclusions 18 3.2 Recommendations 19 References TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationales As society develops, the need to expand international relations increasingly powerful requires a common language to communicate So learning the language is really necessary Foreign languages in general, and in particular English education in Vietnam is being put into schools as a compulsory subject at secondary school level, college level English is getting a lot of attention from people It is not a hobby for some gifted English but also necessities Foreign Language is a bridge for cooperation, development and exchange between countries together One important thing is that everyone wants to use English perfectly and fluently They can use it as the "mother tongue" From that practical requirement, English has been included in the main curriculum of all levels in our country The ultimate goal of teaching and learning English is that students can communicate in English Communication ability is expressed in two aspects: receiving (listening and reading) and producing (speaking and writing) language However, in order to achieve the ultimate goal, the first factor students need to master is pronunciation Phonetic is considered one of the basic elements of all languages in the world If the pronunciation is correct, all skills such as listening, speaking and reading will become much easier Conversely, if the pronunciation is wrong or unclear, it will make the listener misunderstand or even not understand the meaning of the speaker Determining that importance, phonetic teaching and learning has been included in Secondary School English program right from the first and throughout lessons Although they have been exposed since elementary school, most students are still surprised and have many difficulties when pronouncing TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com and memorizing the sounds learned On the other hand, the exploitation and use of materials for teachers' teaching and phonetic learning are still limited From the fact of teaching English at school, in addition to the methods of teaching phonetics I received from the training sessions, attending the lessons of good teachers, lectures, I always wondered how to suit your students, make them feel no more difficult and heavy when they pronounce English From the above thought I explored and experimented on my classroom and received the desired results Therefore, I boldly present my experience of " How to teach English pronunciation for 6th graders in Secondary School " for friends and colleagues to refer 1.2.Practical basic The goal of the study of phonetic teaching methods for students is to improve the qualifications and pedagogical competence of English teachers, while helping students acquire phonics more easily Therefore the necessary research task must be set as: Detect the English pronunciation situation of elementary school students 2 The cause of the situation of English pronunciation is not standard 3 Specific method to overcome the above situation 4 Phonics lessons as examples 5 Suggested ideas to build and improve English pronunciation 1.3 Research subjects and time - Students in class 6A and 6E at Dien Bien secondary school - Time of doing the research: From 10/2019 to 4/2020 1.4 Research purposes In this experience initiative, I focused on the following objects: - Process of pronouncing a sound - Steps in the English phonetic lesson 1.5 Research method - Attend class visits, learn from colleagues and some personal experiences TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com - Observe students' knowledge acquisition in the teaching process - Survey the pronunciation capacity of students - Research from teaching materials, collection materials and resources on teaching methods from the Internet CONTENT 2.1 Theoretical basic Currently in Vietnam, learning one or more other foreign languages for using in daily communication as well as in working has become very important, especially English English is used everywhere, anytime From children who sell books and newspapers to tourists, they also know how to advertise their products in English to experts and interpreters who use English fluently However, the question is why many people learn English for a long time but when communicating with native people, they not understand or misunderstand what we are saying The answer is due to Phonetic in English English phonetics can be understood to include elements: phonology, stress, rhythm and intonation According to the study of phonetics, it is necessary to achieve criteria for good communication process: Good pronunciation; Natural speed; Natural Rhythm; And natural intonation Achieving these standard criteria is the ambition of all English learners, and this must be beyond the ability of Vietnamese people Although we cannot speak English as a native speaker, we can practice speaking an acceptable English: clear pronunciation means when we pronounce, the listeners can understand and distinguish from other sounds Moreover, the purpose of teaching phonetics in a language classroom is not to make students able to pronounce similarly to native speakers because this is not practical, unless the learner has special abilities and high studying motivation The goal of teaching phonics is to help learners achieve a certain level of pronunciation right in order to communicate what they want to say to others TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 2.2 Actual situations The introduction of English sounds into the 6th grade program is intended to help early formation of phonetic systems Since then, it helps children to understand better, speak better and achieve the goal of language learning However, when I first started teaching English to students in grade 6, through the examination of students' input quality, I found that their ability to pronounce and imitate their sounds was weak Most of them are afraid of speaking English, are afraid of pronouncing, and especially their ability to memorize the sounds are very poor They don’t know how to concentrate on phonetic learning, as well as the difficulty of writing or describing a problem even though the problem is very simple Besides, the number of students in classes is so large that in the process of teaching teachers cannot cover and support them promptly The facilities and teaching materials for children have not been fully invested such as dictionaries, reference books, tapes, cassettes, projectors, etc Most of the children not have contact with native speakers, so they also have a lot of limitations in responding to English They have many difficulties in pronouncing as well as distinguishing similar sounds when listening to teachers speaking Through the fact of teaching at school, I found that many students have good pronunciation ability, enthusiasm for learning English However, due to the voice characteristics of the Vietnamese language and the influence of the local language, many children face many difficulties in English pronunciation On the other hand, phonics is always a difficult area for all students They all face a lot of difficulties when learning phonetics, especially the pronunciation of difficult sounds like / s / hay / z /, / t / or / d /; / ∫ / or / s / Some children who read often swallow these sounds when they are at the end of the word TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com There are many pairs of sounds in English that have similar sounds, not only students but also teachers, who not recognize and pronounce them correctly, such as negative: / i / hay / I /, / e / or / æ /, / ð / or / θ / From the reality on myself, I think it is necessary to have a method to help my students learn phonetics quickly and easily, so I have learned, collected and applied some methods of phonetic teaching English for students This is the results before I apply the methods: Number of Excellent Good students No % No % No % No % 6A 51 5,9 17,6 23 45 11 25,6 5,9 6E 49 2,0 18,4 22 44,9 13 22,7 12 Class Fair Poor Fail No In order to solve this problem, I hope my phonics teaching experience will help them overcome these limitations 2.3 Solutions 2.3.1 Process of phonetic lesson A phonetic lesson will be really effective if the teacher follows a clear, specific teaching process that makes syllables easy for students to receive Therefore, a phonetic lesson should be divided into parts as follows: 2.3.1.1 How to pronounce a sound - Introduce the sound that is taught in the lesson - Describe pronunciation (position of tongue, lips, teeth ) Teacher hangs diagrams that show the position of tongue, lips, and teeth when pronouncing and giving specific explanations so that students understand - Turn his face towards the student reading the sound a few times so that the students can hear clearly and observe the teacher's mouth, lips, teeth and tongue when this pronunciation - Read words that contain learning sounds, students listen TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com % For example: When teaching /ɑ:/, teacher shows the students a short converstion, then the teacher shows some words in the context Next, the teacher says: all these words contain /ɑ:/ Teacher describes how to pronounce this sound, shows the chart and asks students to imitate 2.3.1.2 Practice pronunciation When guiding students to pronounce, teacher should take steps from easy to difficult TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com - Practice the sound by pronouncing words by words: Teacher gives the words in term, asks students to pronounce Example: - Practice the phrases which contain the sound Example: - Practice the sound in the sentences Example: With these steps, students can practice the sounds according from easy to difficult levels 2.3.1.3 Forms of popular dictations In this section, teacher helps students to know which words are pronounced In case students come across the word which they have never seen before, they can pronounce by the way they have learned For example: when teaching /ɑ:/, teacher should give the poular dictations in the words of this sound TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com - Words contain “ar”: car, garden, - Words contain “a”: dance, classroom 2.3.1.4 Common errors Teacher give some notes of making mistakes while students learn to pronounce According to each sound, there are different errors By knowing the mistakes which students may often face will help the overcome the difficulties when learning to pronounce the sounds 2.3.2 Some factors affect the teaching phonetics 2.3.2.1 The movement of the mother tongue Because the teacher's mother tongue affects English pronunciation, the teacher needs to have a certain understanding of the sound system of the student's mother tongue so that the difficulties and advantages of the students can be predicted students learn English pronunciation and can guide and correct students to read difficult sounds Vietnamese learners of English often find it difficult to read beginning sounds such as: /θ/ and /ð/; and the final sounds like: /z/, /s/ and /η/ /dʒ/and /əʊ/ sounds are also difficult sounds for students The language, the accent, the intonation to change the meaning of words and sentences are also problems that Vietnamese people are not familiar with the phonemic and intonation system of Vietnamese 2.3.2.2 Learner’s age Younger learners are easier to learn than older people According to the study, children under 12 years of age learning English will be less affected by Vietnamese voices than older learners 2.3.2.3 Exposure to English It is necessary to include both time and level of exposure to English The more time students have to communicate with English, the better the pronunciation is Students will also gain more if they are exposed to a good pronunciation pattern or a detailed explanation of the system and English pronunciation TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 2.3.2.4 Innate pronunciation ability of learners Many students have the innate ability to imitate and speak easily of strange sounds to them Such students will progress faster than those without similar abilities 2.3.2.5 Attitude and feeling Student attitudes towards the language they are learning are also a factor influencing pronunciation learning The better the student's learning attitude is, the easier it is to learn pronunciation as they try to imitate a native speaker while those with high status in society often pay less attention to imitation of the model when practicing speaking English 2.3.2.6 Learning motivation and their interest in pronunciation This is a very important factor in teaching pronunciation If students have good pronunciation motivation, they will invest more time and effort in learning pronunciation from there they will have more progress 2.3.3 Training techniques in a phonetic lesson In a lesson of teaching pronunciation, there are many ways to help students practice These ways belong to the design of each lesson These are some ways: 2.3.3.1 Repeat words: Students listen and repeat the models ( teacher’s pronunciation or tape) Example: Practice the sound: /ð/and /θ/ Teacher: thirty Students: thirty Teacher: there Students: there 2.3.3.2 Repeat the sentences: Students repeat the sentences which contain the sounds in that lesson Example: Practice the sound: /əʊ/ It’s very cold with a lot of snow 10 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 2.3.3.3 Missing words: Teacher says some phrases or sentences which are missing a or a few words; students guess and add the words whose sounds the are practicing Example: Practice the sound: /θ/ Mary’s bir_day is on the _irteen_ of this mon_ 2.3.3.4 Same or Different: Teachers write international phonetic transcription on the board (eg: / I /) The teacher says a sequence of sounds similar to the ones on the board (/ i: /, / e /, / æ /) Students listen and tell whether the above sounds are the same or different from the sounds on the board 2.3.3.5 One or Two (or three): The teacher writes on the board two (or three) international phonetic sessions (eg: /ɪ/, /i:/, /e/ then read the words in turn: fifteen / fifty / bit / beat / eat / it / man / men), students listen and say "one" (1), "two" (2) or "three" (3) 2.3.3.6 Correct or incorrect: The teacher writes one or more words on the board and pronounces some words correctly and some incorrect words Students listen and say "correct" or "incorrect" 2.3.3.7 Minimal Pairs: Write an international phonetic transcript on the board and let students comfortably list pairs of similar words For example: / ɪ / / i: / fifty fifteen it eat bin bean ill eel ship sheep 2.3.4 Apply in real lesson In this writing, I mention how to teach pronunciation, so I only show the teaching plan for “Pronunciation” part 11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ENGLISH 6: UNIT 4: MY NEIGHBORHOOD LESSON 2: A CLOSER LOOK – PART “PRONUNCIATION” I Objectives Content: In this lesson, students learn how to pronounce sounds / i:/ and /ɪ/ By applying the above method, I conduct this lesson according to the following procedure: Skills: Developing speaking and listening skills II Preparation: - Teacher: Textbook, teacher’s book, cassette, videos - Students: Textbook, workbook III Procedures: T’s and Ss’ activities Content * Presentation - Teacher lets students listen to the Mom: Is there any meat in the fridge? short conversation Lan: I don’t know Let me check There is a little Mom: Can you go to the supermarket and buy some more pork? Lan: Where is the supermarket, mom? Mom: It’s on Le Duan street Lan: Do you know how much a kilo cost? - From the song, teacher gives some Mom: It’s not as expensive as beef It’s words: Cheap, meat, street cheap Lan: Alright, mom I’ll go now * Practice I The sound /i:/ 12 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Introducing the sounds - a long vowel sound - Teacher introduces the sound /i:/: It’s a long vowel - The teacher shows the diagram describing how to read / i:/ and explains how to read this sound -> Tongue extending forward and forward, narrow upper lip and lower lip gap, widening mouth to side When playing this sound a little rafting, it's like smiling - Teacher pronounces / i:/ two or three times so that students can listen and observe the teacher's mouth when reading that sound - Students imitate, pronounce the sound - Teacher correct mistakes Practice pronouncing - Guide students to practice from single words, phrases, then to sentences + Practice the sound /i:/ with word by word - Let students practice in chorus then individually 13 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com + Practice the phrases which include the sound /i:/ - Students read in chorus, then work in pairs, compare with their partners Teacher calls some students to practice the sound by pronouncing these phrases words + Practice the sound in the sentences - Students read in chorus, then all the class repeat the sentences T calls students to read again - While students practice pronouncing, “e” + a consonant + “e”: teacher corrects mistakes strictly cede, Vietnamese Popular dictations of the sound /i:/ "ea": tea, meal - Teacher gives notes of common "ee" : three, see dictations in word Purpose of this part "ei": receive, ceiling is to help students easily recognize the "ey" : key sound of the word they come across "ie": chief, believe Common errors Note: Common errors when - Teacher gives some notes of common pronouncing /i:/ pronouncing /i:/ too short errors to help students improve faster pronouning /i:/ as "e" in Vietnamese other /i:/ sound pronunciations like in "hear" II The sound /ɪ/ 1 Introducing the sounds - Let students to look at the two - a short vowel sound examples - Teacher pronounces and asks students give the difference between two sounds 14 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com - Explain how to pronounce the sound /ɪ/: It’s a short vowel - Teacher shows the diagram, explain how to pronounce - Teacher guides students to pronounce /ɪ/ Do the same steps as /i:/ -> Tongue facing upwards and forward, narrow upper and lower lip spacing, Practice pronouncing + Ask students to practice the sound /ɪ/ widening mouth to side word by word + Then practice through the phrases + Practice the sound in the sentences - Students read in chorus first, then all the class repeat the sentences T calls students to read again - While students practice pronouncing, teacher corrects mistakes strictly “i”: big, ship Popular dictations of the sound /ɪ/ - Teacher gives notes of common “e” in “est” of superlatives: simplest, 15 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com dictations in word Purpose of this part happiest is to help students easily recognize the “y”: gym, physics sound of the word they come across “ui”: build, guitar Common errors and some other cases - Teacher gives some notes of common Notes: Common errors errors to help students improve faster Pronouncing /ɪ / and prolonging Pronunciation /ɪ / in spelling form in - After students can master the two Vietnamese sounds, ask the to exercises to Pronunciation /ɪ / by the letter "i" in distinguish the differences between the English two sounds Activity 4: Listen and repeat the - Teachers open the tape , ask students words Pay attention to the sound /i:/ to twice and /ɪ/ - Students listen to identify / ɪ / or / i: / / i:/ /ɪ/ write in to correct column cheap historic - Teachers asks them to practice the sleepy exciting words with the ir partner, then put the peaceful expensive words in the correct column convenient noisy - Teacher feedbacks and give remarks police friendly - Students listen to another tape to Activity 5: Listen to the sentences and distinguish if it is /i:/ or / ɪ/ by underline the word you hear underlining the right words in the Tommy is living/leaving there sentences Shall we hit/ heat te oil first? This airplane sits/seats 100 people - In this kind of task, students not only There’s a ship/ sheep over there practice listening skill of the sounds, Jimmy is finding some tins/teens but also the can master how the words now are used in the sentences or in the Peter bought a mill/ meal last week context Some Tims/ teams are coming in 16 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com - Students listen to the tape and repeat It’s a fish and chip/ cheap shop the chant - The teacher turned on the tape for the Activity 6: Listen and practice the students to listen, the students look at chant Notice the sounds /i:/ and /ɪ/ the textbook , listen to it, and repeat the MY NEIGHBORHOOD tape Students practice reading the My city is very busy following paragraph in pairs, teacher There are lots of buildings growing corrects mistakes for students * Production: Ask students The people here are funny to It’s a lovely place to live in distinguigh the two sounds /i:/ and /ɪ/ My village is very pretty by pronouncing the pairs words There are lots of places to see - Teacher should encourage students to The people here are frienly find the pairs of words which contain It’s fantastic place to be the sounds /i:/ and /ɪ/ sheep (n) - ship (n) seat (n) - sit (v) bean (n) - bin (n) feel (v) - fill (v) cheap (adj) - chip (n) After finishing the lesson, teacher ask students to repeat main knowledge they have learned in the lesson 2.4 The results After a term of applying this method to teach students phonetics, I found that their English pronunciation ability has improved remarkably Some of the children who were very afraid of pronunciation now are more bold and lively in practice and games In addition, they are more aware when pronouncing so that they can be as good as possible Continuing to explore their pronunciation ability to monitor I have obtained the following results: 17 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Class Number of Excellent Good Fair students No % 6A 51 16 31,3 13 25,4 19 6E 49 10 20,4 16 32,6 17 No % No Poor % No Fail % No % 37,5 5,8 0 34,8 12,2 0 During the implementation of this method, there are many lessons left for me At first some students were very surprised When presenting and explaining diagrams about the movement of tongue, teeth, lips of some sounds that are difficult and not available in Vietnamese, many students cannot follow them, which leads to more false pronunciation If the teacher is frustrated and accepts the wrong reading, the result will fail With this method, I consider the average and weak students to be the top subjects Use collective activities to stimulate children to develop their strengths Since then help them get used to the new method These are the methods that I have applied for the past year when teaching phonics to elementary students However, each lesson unit has different content, the application of this method also needs to be flexible and creative to bring high efficiency, avoid causing boredom for students For example: There are some sounds in English that sound like Vietnamese: /b/, /p/, /n/, /m/, /l/ when teaching these sounds teachers are not necessary Many time to explain the pronunciation, let students listen through the tapes and the native speakers play these sounds to familiar students Then spend more time on Production Activities in Production section should be designed in a short, attractive, suitable form for age and level of each student CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 3.1 Conclusion English phonetic development for high school students is not an easy matter It requires teachers to have creative but easy-to-understand and easy-to18 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com receive teaching methods for students After a year of introduction, I realized that this method of phonetic teaching has brought a lot of effects First of all, create a sense of excitement and excitement for students in phonetic lessons, helping them to no longer find it difficult to pronounce English Since then, the quality of students' phonetic learning has increased markedly In addition, to myself, studying phonetic teaching methods for students has contributed to improving their pedagogical qualifications and abilities, while contributing to innovating phonetic teaching methods in particular and ministries English in general In conditions of rural students, lack of teaching facilities, the opportunity to interact with native speakers is very difficult, the initial successes I have obtained are a very happy thing for myself This method can be used for phonetic lessons in English textbooks in grades and However, due to specific syllabuses, there are different syllables so teachers need to apply creatively Teaching phonetics is not only about teaching phonology, but also teaching important parts such as stress, rhythm and intonation In the coming time, I will continue to research, explore and learn from documents, materials, friends and colleagues, as well as practical experience to have the method of teaching stress, intonation and rhythm for suitable for students, and perfecting their phonetic teaching method 3.2 Recommendation In order for the topic to really bring about results, I personally have some suggestions and suggestions: The school administration board and the equipment department should fully complement the equipment to support the teaching of English subjects such as dictionaries, books, tapes, cassettes, projectors, etc Teachers should creatively apply this method to suit each lesson unit and specific students Avoid teaching stereotyped, boring for students To apply this new method effectively, I boldly propose the professional team, the School Board, the Department of Education and Training to introduce 19 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com the topic to all colleagues to give change, study experiences, draw positive teaching methods of phonetic teaching for high school English subject The above are a few small experiences I share for my colleagues to consult However, in the process of implementing the topic, it is inevitable that there are shortcomings, so I look forward to the additional comments of colleagues so that I can achieve more success in the career of teaching English The confirmation of Thanh Hoa , May 21st , 2020 the headmaster I declare hereby that, this is my initiatives Do not copy it from any others The writer Tao Ngoc Thanh Mai Thi Thu Thuy THE CONFIRMATION OF THE HEAD OF THANH HOA CITY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING 20 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com REFERENCES - New English textbook – Teacher’s book and student’s book - Web page: http://www.tienganh123.com/phat-am-tieng-anh-co-ban - Educational Magazines - Vietnamese – English dictionary - English teacher's handbook - educational publisher 21 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ... the desired results Therefore, I boldly present my experience of " How to teach English pronunciation for 6th graders in Secondary School " for friends and colleagues to refer 1.2.Practical basic... when listening to teachers speaking Through the fact of teaching at school, I found that many students have good pronunciation ability, enthusiasm for learning English However, due to the voice... they are exposed to a good pronunciation pattern or a detailed explanation of the system and English pronunciation TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 2.3.2.4 Innate pronunciation ability
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