(LUẬN án TIẾN sĩ) export dynamics of vietnam trade in value added (TiVA) approach

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS SHASHI KANT PRASAD CHAUDHARY EXPORT DYNAMICS OF VIETNAM: TRADE IN VALUE ADDED (TIVA) APPROACH DISSERTATION IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS Hanoi – 2020 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS SHASHI KANT PRASAD CHAUDHARY EXPORT DYNAMICS OF VIETNAM: TRADE IN VALUE ADDED (TIVA) APPROACH (ĐỘNG LỰC CHO XUẤT KHẨU CỦA VIỆT NAM: TIẾP CẬN TỪ PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIÁ TRỊ GIA TĂNG THƯƠNG MẠI) Major: International Economics (Chuyên ngành: Kinh tế Quốc tế) Code: 9310106.01 Mã số: 9310106.01 DISSERTATION IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS (LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ KINH TẾ QUỐC TẾ) SUPERVISOR: Associate Professor Dr Nguyen Viet Khoi Hanoi - 2020 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Associate Professor Dr Nguyen Viet Khoi who has been a constant source of inspiration and encouragement Without his invaluable suggestions and encouragement, my research work would not have taken this form I would also like to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to Dr Nguyen Cam Nhung (UEB, VNU), Dr Nguyen Thi Kim Anh (UEB, VNU), Dr Nguyen Tien Minh (UEB, VNU), Dr Nagendra Lal Srivastava (TU, Nepal), Dr Dilli Ram Pokhrel (Nepal Rastra Bank) and Dr Jun Alejo Bathan (British University Vietnam) for their invaluable comments and suggestions to improve the quality of dissertation I would also like to thank anonymous referees for their valuable comments in terms of enhancing the quality of this dissertation I also acknowledge the motivation and support that I received from my lecturers while undertaking the PhD modules, in specific to Dr Le Quoc Hoi, Dr Nguyen Thi Kim Anh, Dr Nguyen Xuan Thien, Dr Nguyen Thi Kim Chi, and Dr Ha Van Hoi Apart from them, I also say a big thank to Mr Tuan, Mr Quang, Mr Dat and all other support staffs at the office of Academic and Training Department, UEB A special thank goes to Chris Jeffery, the Dean of British University Vietnam who constantly supported me in providing flexible working schedule and constant encouragement Last but not the least, my family deserves a special credit for bringing me so far in this utmost academic journey Words cannot compensate the sacrifices they have made on my behalf Thank you very much all TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com DECLARATION I declare that this dissertation, which I have submitted to the University of Economics and Business (UEB), Vietnam National University, Hanoi for assessment in consideration for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) has been composed solely by myself Except where states otherwise by reference or acknowledgment, the work presented is entirely my own I have not submitted before, in whole or in part of this work to UEB or any other institution for any professional qualification I have taken due care to ensure that the work is original and does not breach any copyright law Signed: _ Shashi Kant Prasad Chaudhary Student Number: MSHV 15058009 Date: 10 March 2020 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS USED i LIST OF TABLES iii LIST OF FIGURES vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Statement of the problem .3 1.3 Objectives of the study 1.4 Significances of the study 1.5 Delimitations of the study 1.6 Organisation of the dissertation CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 10 2.1 Overview 10 2.2 Importance of „Trade in Value Added (TiVA)‟ approach 13 2.2.1 A better understanding of bilateral trade imbalances 14 2.2.2 An effective measure of the efficacy of trade barriers and trade measures 16 2.2.3 A better way to analyse job contribution of trade 16 2.2.4 A better measure of trade competitiveness .17 2.2.5 Measuring backward and forward linkages of an economy 18 2.2.6 Fair assessment of the environmental impact of trade 19 2.3 Earlier Studies in context of Vietnam 20 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 23 3.1 Research design 23 3.2 Sources of data and study period .23 3.3 Estimation of „Trade in Value Added‟ .25 3.3.1 Construction of an inter-country input output (ICIO) table: one country, N industries case 26 3.3.2 Computation of „Trade in Value Added‟ 27 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 3.4 Validating export-led growth of Vietnam 28 3.5 Assessing export competitiveness of Vietnam 28 3.6 Measuring Vietnam‟s participation in global value chain 31 CHAPTER 4: SOURCES AND DESTINATIONS OF VALUE ADDED EMBODIED IN GROSS EXPORTS OF VIETNAM 32 4.1 Introduction 32 4.2 Sources of domestic value added embodied in gross exports 33 4.3 Destinations of domestic value added embodied in gross exports 38 4.4 Domestic value added embodied in exports by „Types of Goods‟ 42 4.5 „Foreign Value Added‟ embodied in gross exports 44 4.5.1 Sources of foreign value added by partners 44 4.5.2 Sources of foreign value added by industries 45 4.6 Concluding remarks 46 CHAPTER 5: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF EXPORT-LED GROWTH OF VIETNAM 49 5.1 Introduction 49 5.2 Early initiatives and the achievements .51 5.3 Methodology 55 5.4 Variables and data 57 5.5 Empirical results .58 5.5.1 Testing presence of unit root and structural break 58 5.5.2 Estimating ARDL models and checking their robustness 61 5.5.3 Bounds test of cointegration and error correction model 62 5.6 Concluding remarks and policy discussion 64 CHAPTER 6: EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS OF VIETNAM 70 6.1 Introduction 70 6.2 Methodological framework 71 Discussing Balassa‟s Index .72 6.3 Empirical Findings .75 6.3.1 Export competitiveness of Vietnam in the World 75 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 6.3.2 Export competitiveness of Vietnam in East Asian market .83 6.3.3 Export competitiveness of Vietnam in NAFTA market 87 6.3.4 Export competitiveness of Vietnam in European Union (EU) .93 6.3.5 Export competitiveness of Vietnam in ASEAN market 99 6.3.6 Export competitiveness of Vietnam in in BRIS (BRICS-China) 105 6.4 Concluding remarks and policy discussion 113 CHAPTER 7: WHERE IS VIETNAM IN GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN? 116 7.1 Introduction 116 7.2 Understanding Global Value Chain 121 7.3 Sources of Data and Study Period 128 7.4 Empirical findings 129 7.4.1 GVC Participation of Vietnam 129 7.4.2 GVC Position of Vietnam .132 7.4.3 GVC Participation, position and domestic value added contribution 139 7.5 Concluding remarks and policy discussions 140 CHAPTER 8: SUMMARY, FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS .143 8.1 Summary and findings .143 8.2 Discussing the issues 145 8.2.1 Group I industries 150 8.2.2 Group II industries 151 8.2.3 Group III industries .152 8.3 Suggestions 153 8.3.1 Ways to improve domestic value added exports 153 8.3.2 Ways to improve export competitiveness .154 8.3.3 Ways to improve global integration 155 8.4 Ways ahead 156 REFERENCES 161 APPENDICES .172 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF ACRONYMS USED No Acronyms Original ADF Augmented Dickey Fuller AO Additive Outlier ARDL Autoregressive Distributive Lag ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations BI Balassa's Index BRIS Brazil Russia India and South Africa (BRICS minus China) BURT Structural Break Unit Root Test CMT Cut-Make-Trim CPTPP 10 CURT Conventional Unit Root Test 11 DFD Distance to Final Demand 12 DVA Domestic Value Added 13 DVA_EXGR Domestic Value Added embodied in Gross Exports 14 EC European Commission 15 EU European Union 16 EXGR Gross Exports 17 FDI Foreign Direct Investment 18 FTAs Free Trade Agreements 19 FVA Foreign Value Added 20 GDP Gross Domestic Product 21 GSO General Statistic Office, Vietnam 22 GVC Global Value Chain 23 HDI Human Development Index 24 I2E Importing inputs for exporting (Import to export) Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership i TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com No Acronyms Original 25 ICIO Inter-country Input Output 26 IO Innovational Outlier 27 ISIC 28 MNCs Multinational Corporations 29 n.e.c Not Elsewhere Classified 30 NAFTA North Atlantic Free Trade Area 31 OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 32 PTAs Preferential Trade Agreements 33 R&D Research and Development 34 RCA Revealed Comparative Advantage 35 RCD Revealed Comparative Disadvantage 36 RSCA Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage 37 TFP Total Factor Productivity 38 TiVA Trade in Value Added 39 TU Tribhuvan University 40 UEB University of Economics and Business 41 UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 42 US United States 43 VAR Vector Auto-regression 44 VNU Vietnam National University 45 WTO World Trade Organisation International Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities ii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com All LIST OF TABLES No Table Content The equivalence of reported and value added trade Page Table 2.1: Table 3.1: Table 4.1: Table 4.2: Table 4.3: Table 4.4: Table 5.1: Table 5.2: Results of breakpoint unit root tests 60 Table 5.3: Results of Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM Test 61 10 Table 5.4: Results of Bounds Test 62 11 Table 5.5: Results of cointegration equation 63 12 Table 5.6: Results of Wald Test 64 13 Table 5.7: Results of Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM Test 68 14 Table 5.8: Results of Bounds Test 68 15 Table 5.9: Results of Wald Test 68 16 Table 5.10: Results of breakpoint unit root test for EXGR 69 17 Table 6.1: 18 Table 6.2: balances at the level of trade with the entire world List of industries used in the text with their ISIC codes Major sources of DVA exports by merchandised industries, 2011 Major originators of DVA exports by service industries, 2011 Sources of FVA by industries (major contributors) Major contributors to the value added exports by industries, 2011 Empirical works using exports and GDP series of Vietnam RCA indices of selected industries in the World market, 2011 Pattern of specialisation by industries in the World (1995-2011) 15 24 37 38 46 48 57 76 77 iii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com APPENDIX E: Foreign value added embodied in gross exports (FVA_EXGR) in percent ISIC C01T05 C10T14 C15T16 C17T19 C20 C21T22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30T33X C31 C34 C35 C36T37 C50T52 C55 C60T63 C64 C65T67 Vietnam 1995 0.4 1.6 1.1 5.8 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.3 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.8 2.9 0.3 1.5 0.1 0.6 21.6 1996 0.5 1.9 1.4 6.6 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.6 0.6 0.0 0.3 1.0 3.9 0.5 1.8 0.1 0.7 25.5 1997 0.5 1.9 1.4 6.9 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.7 0.6 0.0 0.3 1.0 3.2 0.5 1.7 0.1 0.5 24.9 1998 0.5 1.9 1.5 6.9 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.7 0.6 0.0 0.3 1.0 3.1 0.5 1.6 0.1 0.6 24.7 1999 0.6 2.0 1.9 7.6 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 2.9 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.9 3.4 0.5 1.4 0.1 0.5 26.0 2000 0.8 2.4 2.4 7.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 3.1 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.8 3.7 0.5 1.7 0.1 0.4 27.2 2001 0.7 1.9 2.7 6.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 2.4 0.9 0.1 0.5 1.1 3.6 0.5 1.6 0.1 0.5 26.9 2002 0.8 1.9 2.8 6.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.5 2.0 0.9 0.1 0.4 1.4 3.7 0.5 1.6 0.1 0.5 27.6 2003 1.0 1.9 2.6 7.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.5 2.4 1.2 0.1 0.5 1.7 3.9 0.5 1.6 0.1 0.5 29.5 2004 0.7 2.8 2.2 6.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.6 2.5 1.5 0.2 0.6 1.3 2.4 0.3 2.0 0.1 0.3 29.0 2005 0.7 3.6 2.3 7.8 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.6 2.4 1.5 0.2 0.4 1.6 2.5 0.3 2.0 0.1 0.3 31.0 2006 0.8 2.3 2.3 9.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.7 2.6 1.8 0.3 0.2 1.5 2.6 0.2 2.1 0.1 0.3 32.5 2007 1.4 1.5 2.6 8.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.8 1.6 0.7 3.2 1.9 1.2 0.3 2.2 2.7 0.4 2.3 0.1 0.3 35.3 2008 2009 2010 2011 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.7 1.4 0.9 1.1 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.0 6.6 5.7 5.1 4.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 2.7 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 2.7 3.5 4.7 6.3 2.0 2.2 2.8 2.7 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.7 2.0 1.6 1.4 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 35.6 32.9 34.8 36.3 Source: Researcher’s estimates TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com APPENDIX F: Global value chain (GVC) participation indices ISIC C01T05 C10T14 C15T16 C17T19 C20 C21T22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30T33X C31 C34 C35 C36T37 C50T52 C55 C60T63 C64 C65T67 Vietnam 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.9 3.1 3.0 2.7 3.7 4.6 3.5 2.3 3.8 2.2 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.7 3.1 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.3 4.3 7.1 7.9 8.4 8.7 9.3 8.7 8.1 8.2 8.6 8.3 9.3 10.8 9.8 7.8 6.9 6.5 5.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.5 1.9 1.8 1.2 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.1 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.4 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.9 1.8 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.7 2.2 2.5 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.7 2.5 4.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.1 4.1 4.2 4.6 4.9 5.0 5.7 5.1 4.1 4.7 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.6 4.7 5.8 7.3 8.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.7 3.3 3.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 2.4 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 1.7 2.0 1.9 2.6 2.1 2.6 2.1 1.9 3.6 4.6 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.6 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.8 3.6 3.1 3.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 34.2 37.8 39.3 41.4 43.4 46.7 44.7 43.9 44.9 46.1 49.1 50.5 51.8 53.0 49.7 51.5 52.3 Source: Researcher’s estimates TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com APPENDIX G: Global value chain (GVC) position indices ISIC C01T05 C10T14 C15T16 C17T19 C20 C21T22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30T33X C31 C34 C35 C36T37 C50T52 C55 C60T63 C64 C65T67 Vietnam 1995 -0.11 -0.72 -0.06 -1.05 0.10 0.05 0.60 0.14 0.06 -0.03 0.41 -0.08 0.13 -0.17 -0.21 0.37 -0.03 -0.30 -0.82 0.01 -0.30 -0.07 -0.44 -0.51 1996 -0.17 -0.74 -0.24 -1.24 0.07 0.03 0.57 0.12 -0.03 -0.03 0.50 -0.10 0.10 -0.29 -0.25 0.35 -0.07 -0.40 -1.04 -0.15 -0.41 -0.08 -0.47 -0.69 1997 -0.15 -0.62 -0.19 -1.15 0.08 0.04 0.65 0.17 -0.01 -0.03 0.67 -0.01 0.13 -0.22 -0.20 0.39 -0.01 -0.37 -0.87 -0.15 -0.35 -0.05 -0.39 -0.51 1998 -0.15 -0.57 -0.12 -1.06 0.08 0.08 0.78 0.31 0.04 -0.03 0.73 0.04 0.14 -0.13 -0.14 0.49 0.03 -0.33 -0.80 -0.11 -0.24 -0.07 -0.40 -0.37 1999 -0.23 -0.41 -0.31 -1.15 0.06 0.06 0.79 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.91 0.06 0.14 -0.20 -0.10 0.50 0.05 -0.31 -0.90 -0.05 -0.22 -0.05 -0.34 -0.39 2000 -0.32 -0.29 -0.43 -1.09 0.04 0.04 0.93 0.30 0.02 -0.02 0.97 0.07 0.16 -0.13 -0.07 0.53 0.01 -0.24 -0.93 -0.09 -0.29 -0.04 -0.31 -0.32 2001 -0.31 -0.24 -0.53 -0.96 -0.01 0.03 0.79 0.19 -0.06 -0.05 0.71 -0.09 -0.04 0.07 -0.23 0.47 -0.14 -0.37 -0.94 -0.11 -0.28 -0.04 -0.30 -0.40 2002 -0.34 -0.36 -0.60 -1.07 -0.06 0.00 0.79 0.14 -0.15 -0.10 0.68 -0.19 0.08 0.03 -0.25 0.45 -0.07 -0.50 -1.00 -0.15 -0.31 -0.05 -0.31 -0.50 2003 -0.48 -0.50 -0.57 -1.16 -0.06 0.01 0.56 0.27 -0.23 -0.09 0.60 -0.26 0.03 -0.03 -0.38 0.45 -0.12 -0.63 -1.06 -0.19 -0.34 -0.04 -0.30 -0.62 2004 -0.34 -0.68 -0.47 -1.15 -0.19 0.01 0.65 0.32 -0.36 -0.13 0.47 -0.23 0.02 0.07 -0.48 0.39 -0.16 -0.46 -0.68 0.01 -0.38 -0.03 -0.20 -0.51 2005 -0.32 -0.81 -0.49 -1.29 -0.21 0.02 0.77 0.32 -0.25 -0.16 0.47 -0.27 0.06 0.09 -0.48 0.39 -0.03 -0.58 -0.68 0.02 -0.25 -0.02 -0.17 -0.51 2006 -0.38 -0.38 -0.48 -1.43 -0.16 0.01 0.49 0.10 -0.29 -0.18 0.60 -0.37 0.00 0.05 -0.61 0.34 0.06 -0.54 -0.73 0.03 -0.38 -0.02 -0.20 -0.57 2007 -0.68 -0.33 -0.49 -1.44 -0.16 -0.02 0.51 0.08 -0.37 -0.20 0.41 -0.67 0.01 -0.19 -0.68 0.01 -0.01 -0.78 -0.81 -0.04 -0.50 -0.02 -0.21 -0.73 2008 -0.39 -0.54 -0.53 -1.26 -0.21 -0.05 0.53 -0.08 -0.47 -0.24 -0.14 -0.38 -0.32 -0.20 -0.70 0.35 -0.09 -0.62 -0.75 0.02 -0.57 0.01 0.00 -0.69 2009 -0.40 -0.24 -0.62 -1.11 -0.19 -0.03 0.28 0.02 -0.48 -0.17 -0.09 -0.39 -0.33 -0.30 -0.76 0.29 0.03 -0.68 -0.67 0.07 -0.46 0.01 0.04 -0.65 2010 -0.43 0.01 -0.62 -0.96 -0.28 -0.03 0.17 -0.11 -0.61 -0.21 -0.18 -0.50 -0.29 -0.47 -0.88 0.32 -0.11 -0.56 -0.66 0.01 -0.57 0.01 0.04 -0.70 2011 -0.47 -0.22 -0.58 -0.82 -0.31 -0.02 -0.09 -0.20 -0.59 -0.25 -0.37 -0.49 -0.23 -0.73 -0.86 0.31 -0.17 -0.50 -0.69 0.01 -0.59 0.01 0.02 -0.79 Source: Researcher’s estimates TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com APPENDIX H (i): RCA indices based on domestic value added exports (RCA_DVA): World ISIC 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 C01T05 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.2 3.0 2.7 2.7 3.5 3.5 3.7 4.5 6.0 4.2 3.4 3.8 4.0 C10T14 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.8 C15T16 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.4 4.1 4.0 4.2 3.5 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.5 4.5 4.0 4.5 4.4 C17T19 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7 C20 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.4 2.8 C21T22 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 C23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 C24 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 C25 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 C26 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.7 C27 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 C28 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 C29 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 C30T33X 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 C31 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 C34 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 C35 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 C36T37 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.5 1.8 2.8 2.0 2.7 2.4 1.8 C50T52 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 C55 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.4 2.0 2.1 C60T63 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 C64 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 C65T67 4.2 4.1 3.2 3.0 2.5 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Source: Researcher’s estimates TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com APPENDIX H (ii): RCA indices based on domestic value added exports (RCA_DVA): East Asia ISIC C01T05 C10T14 C15T16 C17T19 C20 C21T22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30T33X C31 C34 C35 C36T37 C50T52 C55 C60T63 C64 C65T67 1995 21.71 142.84 17.38 2.72 6.65 0.51 1.42 0.11 0.24 0.72 0.09 0.21 0.05 0.11 0.37 0.00 0.08 0.61 0.77 5.30 0.61 3.22 7.12 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 22.85 19.58 19.70 22.88 24.61 20.19 17.27 20.86 27.57 22.07 24.43 36.69 24.52 18.50 18.45 23.20 118.48 102.44 142.28 163.55 112.10 83.49 88.37 84.21 99.13 84.88 87.09 92.33 102.36 98.75 74.23 68.33 18.60 18.76 16.56 20.70 21.89 19.36 18.57 15.27 16.41 14.92 12.67 11.00 14.16 12.90 14.04 12.62 2.46 2.21 2.13 2.20 2.19 2.13 2.25 2.17 2.07 1.96 1.83 1.83 1.77 1.69 1.75 1.63 8.21 6.55 6.53 7.68 7.65 6.77 5.72 4.62 2.73 2.23 2.42 2.11 2.46 2.72 3.72 4.30 0.53 0.55 0.52 0.51 0.55 0.63 0.63 0.54 0.56 0.49 0.59 0.59 0.69 0.67 0.85 0.72 1.10 1.11 1.16 0.86 0.71 0.73 0.72 0.60 0.29 0.23 0.34 0.18 0.21 0.95 1.22 1.24 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.21 0.18 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.20 0.17 0.20 0.24 0.31 0.33 0.32 0.29 0.23 0.28 0.25 0.26 0.39 0.47 0.35 0.36 0.41 0.54 0.58 0.70 0.79 0.71 0.44 0.78 0.77 0.60 0.76 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.79 0.64 0.77 0.89 0.77 0.93 1.11 1.03 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.12 0.34 0.38 0.33 0.35 0.19 0.20 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.24 0.33 0.38 0.40 0.46 0.48 0.70 0.47 0.53 0.59 0.54 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.17 0.24 0.31 0.32 0.37 0.41 0.47 0.53 0.64 0.55 0.71 0.75 0.67 0.71 0.63 0.53 0.63 0.72 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.14 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.07 0.09 0.13 0.09 0.13 0.15 0.55 0.51 0.46 0.46 0.53 0.57 0.62 0.70 0.97 0.91 1.10 1.64 1.06 1.68 1.49 1.02 0.76 0.79 0.80 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.76 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.87 0.89 0.89 0.87 5.99 6.44 6.60 5.35 5.12 4.32 4.19 4.81 3.95 3.24 3.48 4.23 3.63 2.31 3.23 3.36 0.61 0.57 0.61 0.55 0.49 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.78 0.76 0.89 0.88 1.07 1.18 1.19 1.19 2.17 1.45 1.93 2.00 1.96 1.83 1.85 1.60 1.50 1.48 1.28 1.07 0.33 0.51 0.49 0.52 5.95 5.85 6.44 4.39 3.37 2.56 2.36 2.24 2.27 2.05 2.04 1.93 0.41 0.32 0.36 0.40 Source: Researcher’s estimates TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com APPENDIX H (iii): RCA indices based on domestic value added exports (RCA_DVA): European Union ISIC C01T05 C10T14 C15T16 C17T19 C20 C21T22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30T33X C31 C34 C35 C36T37 C50T52 C55 C60T63 C64 C65T67 1995 5.41 13.81 3.08 3.50 1.39 0.10 0.68 0.05 0.37 0.40 0.07 0.17 0.04 0.37 0.24 0.00 0.09 0.66 1.21 1.19 0.51 1.99 2.36 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 5.82 6.80 6.25 5.80 6.75 7.07 7.52 9.07 8.01 8.00 10.14 13.72 8.43 7.59 7.21 9.70 15.33 17.48 21.28 17.70 16.09 13.76 15.16 16.05 19.08 18.90 18.48 13.76 18.26 15.24 9.52 11.93 3.20 3.48 3.98 3.97 4.52 4.80 4.96 3.96 4.30 4.25 4.01 3.85 4.76 4.44 4.47 4.60 3.08 3.44 3.58 3.61 3.63 3.73 4.15 4.69 4.31 4.65 5.01 5.34 4.90 5.68 5.73 5.59 1.59 1.61 1.47 1.79 1.59 1.83 1.74 1.59 1.11 1.17 1.13 1.07 1.36 1.50 1.92 2.21 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.16 0.19 0.25 0.27 0.30 0.28 0.56 0.51 0.70 0.65 0.48 0.45 0.42 0.32 0.27 0.17 0.21 0.16 0.17 0.90 1.07 1.18 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.14 0.15 0.28 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.38 0.45 0.43 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.45 0.58 0.66 0.91 0.97 0.87 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.62 0.57 0.61 0.63 0.66 0.58 0.54 0.67 0.75 0.71 1.00 1.24 1.29 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.16 0.51 0.50 0.46 0.47 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.23 0.30 0.34 0.34 0.41 0.43 0.66 0.45 0.53 0.56 0.56 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.28 0.34 0.30 0.32 0.33 0.36 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.52 0.76 0.85 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.26 0.26 0.34 0.36 0.40 0.39 0.44 0.49 0.46 0.44 0.53 0.67 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.28 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.12 0.08 0.11 0.15 0.12 0.18 0.21 0.66 0.76 0.72 0.88 0.87 0.94 1.19 1.48 1.94 1.94 2.50 4.00 3.05 4.30 3.84 3.53 1.15 1.20 1.20 1.28 1.26 1.25 1.32 1.33 1.15 1.19 1.25 1.24 1.20 1.22 1.21 1.18 1.49 1.51 1.50 1.42 1.41 1.59 1.65 1.84 1.74 1.62 1.50 1.79 1.59 1.21 1.67 1.65 0.57 0.54 0.54 0.48 0.47 0.49 0.48 0.45 0.72 0.67 0.75 0.69 0.85 0.96 0.88 0.84 1.65 1.39 1.41 1.27 1.24 1.45 1.51 1.56 1.28 1.19 1.28 1.19 0.32 0.41 0.35 0.38 2.32 1.71 1.65 1.06 0.82 0.77 0.68 0.71 0.60 0.52 0.46 0.38 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 Source: Researcher’s estimates TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com APPENDIX H (iv): RCA indices based on domestic value added exports (RCA_DVA): NAFTA ISIC 1995 C01T05 1.48 C10T14 11.62 C15T16 3.43 C17T19 10.42 C20 1.12 C21T22 0.08 C23 0.54 C24 0.06 C25 0.59 C26 1.42 C27 0.09 C28 0.43 C29 0.06 C30T33X 0.18 C31 0.38 C34 0.01 C35 0.07 C36T37 1.16 C50T52 1.44 C55 1.06 C60T63 0.47 C64 1.42 C65T67 1.95 1996 1.58 11.79 3.64 9.17 1.46 0.09 0.42 0.07 0.61 1.61 0.10 0.36 0.06 0.17 0.43 0.01 0.05 1.12 1.38 1.43 0.49 1.16 1.77 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 1.99 2.83 2.92 3.30 3.34 2.79 3.18 2.90 2.87 3.56 4.40 2.43 2.43 2.48 2.82 14.71 16.56 17.64 16.73 16.69 18.16 16.49 15.46 12.72 10.92 7.38 8.22 7.60 4.61 3.43 3.77 3.86 4.56 4.59 4.83 4.84 4.09 4.43 4.83 4.83 4.23 4.87 5.00 4.93 4.65 8.94 9.60 10.43 9.69 10.52 11.12 11.61 10.56 11.20 13.22 13.10 12.93 14.90 13.50 14.01 1.23 1.66 1.74 1.86 3.10 2.73 3.26 1.96 2.01 2.11 2.33 3.02 3.67 3.97 4.12 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.53 0.57 0.45 0.33 0.30 0.27 0.21 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.09 0.09 0.45 0.51 0.38 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.13 0.16 0.17 0.72 0.71 0.84 0.81 0.92 1.05 1.23 1.20 1.13 1.12 1.50 1.43 1.88 2.11 2.05 1.21 1.34 1.56 1.50 1.76 2.10 2.29 2.51 1.57 1.87 2.17 2.15 3.19 3.45 3.43 0.19 0.18 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.26 0.23 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.27 0.80 0.80 0.71 0.73 0.30 0.27 0.38 0.34 0.46 0.64 0.70 0.80 0.92 0.96 1.54 1.02 1.11 1.19 1.17 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.22 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.23 0.34 0.49 0.63 0.69 0.67 0.78 0.87 0.97 1.20 1.38 1.32 1.30 1.40 1.43 1.15 1.59 1.99 1.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.12 0.19 0.24 0.75 0.23 0.26 0.28 0.27 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.10 0.08 0.13 0.16 0.57 0.81 0.71 0.61 0.62 0.69 0.75 1.00 0.86 1.00 1.47 0.94 1.60 1.38 1.10 1.40 1.46 1.50 1.43 1.43 1.49 1.50 1.31 1.35 1.39 1.39 1.36 1.48 1.43 1.43 1.44 1.39 1.12 1.09 1.18 1.19 1.29 1.24 1.09 1.04 1.27 1.12 0.87 1.19 1.27 0.46 0.47 0.42 0.37 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.63 0.60 0.69 0.73 0.83 0.95 1.01 0.98 0.96 0.80 0.75 0.73 0.70 0.70 0.62 0.56 0.53 0.57 0.55 0.19 0.29 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.42 1.15 0.98 1.01 0.85 0.79 0.71 0.62 0.63 0.58 0.11 0.08 0.08 0.08 Source: Researcher’s estimates TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com APPENDIX H (v): RCA indices based on domestic value added exports (RCA_DVA): ASEAN ISIC 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 C01T05 2.00 1.70 1.96 2.17 2.95 3.54 2.87 2.49 2.74 2.23 2.47 2.12 3.22 2.24 2.62 2.37 2.04 C10T14 2.34 2.47 2.26 2.50 2.65 2.19 2.06 2.03 2.00 2.19 2.46 1.87 1.50 1.67 1.44 1.08 0.92 C15T16 1.78 2.02 1.93 1.77 2.11 2.41 2.44 2.25 1.83 1.88 1.65 1.95 1.57 1.62 1.66 1.77 1.63 C17T19 1.88 1.96 2.09 1.92 1.80 1.76 1.89 2.18 2.35 2.28 2.11 2.65 2.94 2.87 2.91 3.10 3.13 C20 0.25 0.30 0.31 0.37 0.37 0.44 0.54 0.55 0.55 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.50 0.62 0.71 0.95 1.07 C21T22 0.28 0.30 0.25 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.21 0.24 0.21 0.24 0.20 0.26 0.28 0.35 0.38 0.43 0.37 C23 0.33 0.23 0.25 0.31 0.25 0.16 0.21 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.07 0.13 0.10 0.12 0.59 0.55 0.84 C24 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.20 0.17 0.13 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.18 0.20 0.24 0.24 C25 0.22 0.40 0.40 0.28 0.29 0.25 0.43 0.45 0.50 0.46 0.28 0.43 0.54 0.57 0.69 0.73 0.72 C26 1.20 1.17 1.33 1.04 0.88 0.94 0.95 0.91 0.96 0.96 0.96 1.10 1.30 1.30 1.72 2.33 2.39 C27 0.28 0.22 0.19 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.20 0.20 0.17 0.18 0.22 0.17 0.21 0.74 0.61 0.57 0.69 C28 0.52 0.70 0.66 0.52 0.55 0.49 0.80 1.08 1.04 1.13 1.00 1.42 2.05 1.42 1.41 1.77 1.83 C29 0.23 0.24 0.29 0.22 0.23 0.21 0.32 0.24 0.21 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.41 0.41 0.38 0.37 C30T33X 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.20 0.29 0.40 C31 0.65 0.60 0.59 0.53 0.52 0.65 0.63 0.64 0.73 0.64 0.86 0.77 0.76 0.86 1.02 1.19 1.23 C34 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.11 0.14 0.10 0.18 0.20 0.32 0.94 0.31 0.33 0.33 0.45 C35 0.43 0.28 0.36 0.32 0.47 0.63 0.71 0.65 0.58 0.64 0.42 0.25 0.31 0.50 0.37 0.53 0.62 C36T37 0.68 0.58 0.66 0.73 0.73 0.94 0.79 1.03 1.16 1.57 1.88 1.89 2.81 2.02 2.77 2.68 2.24 C50T52 1.01 0.99 1.04 1.02 1.05 0.99 1.00 1.06 1.08 0.95 1.01 1.05 1.06 1.06 1.13 1.11 1.09 C55 0.96 1.29 1.38 1.51 1.12 1.06 1.10 1.06 1.33 1.17 1.10 1.08 1.09 1.09 0.86 1.11 1.09 C60T63 0.56 0.59 0.58 0.68 0.60 0.58 0.59 0.57 0.60 0.89 0.90 0.98 0.88 0.99 1.06 1.05 1.02 C64 0.90 0.81 0.70 1.16 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.03 0.75 0.72 0.59 0.53 0.46 0.15 0.24 0.24 0.25 C65T67 3.38 3.00 2.73 2.72 2.35 2.30 1.83 1.75 1.55 1.43 1.26 1.26 1.08 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.17 Source: Researcher’s estimates TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com APPENDIX H (vi): RCA indices based on domestic value added exports (RCA_DVA): BRIS ISIC 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 C01T05 1.51 1.92 1.70 1.57 1.75 2.31 2.00 1.93 2.70 2.60 2.78 3.26 3.97 2.96 2.34 2.94 3.02 C10T14 1.65 1.36 1.35 1.66 1.82 1.61 1.41 1.33 1.33 1.42 1.33 1.09 0.85 1.08 0.86 0.60 0.58 C15T16 1.88 1.93 1.99 1.97 2.25 2.84 2.68 2.75 2.40 2.55 2.56 2.42 2.33 3.00 2.62 2.97 2.85 C17T19 2.64 2.48 2.47 2.41 2.25 2.21 2.48 2.69 3.10 3.26 3.79 4.30 4.69 5.35 4.78 5.15 5.74 C20 0.68 1.09 1.04 0.77 0.69 0.83 0.97 0.99 0.98 0.75 0.68 0.81 0.83 1.30 1.37 2.09 2.54 C21T22 0.09 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.16 0.21 0.19 0.22 0.23 0.31 0.33 0.43 0.40 0.50 0.49 C23 0.15 0.09 0.09 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.14 0.16 0.17 C24 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.18 0.13 0.15 0.20 0.23 0.26 C25 0.54 0.56 0.55 0.56 0.60 0.66 0.78 0.84 1.04 1.05 1.09 1.16 1.34 1.58 1.89 2.31 2.22 C26 0.88 0.87 0.88 0.90 0.94 1.07 1.15 1.16 1.26 1.16 1.10 1.38 1.46 1.75 2.18 3.08 3.54 C27 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.16 C28 0.19 0.28 0.27 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.28 0.37 0.45 0.74 0.86 0.95 1.46 1.17 1.38 1.45 1.56 C29 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.18 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.30 0.35 0.34 0.30 C30T33X 1.48 1.43 1.23 1.43 1.25 1.17 1.24 1.19 1.40 1.70 2.02 2.11 1.60 1.47 1.66 3.00 3.61 C31 0.61 0.71 0.80 0.84 0.89 1.03 1.15 1.36 1.64 1.74 1.99 2.16 1.64 1.77 1.97 2.74 2.85 C34 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.21 0.69 0.21 0.20 0.22 0.26 C35 0.12 0.10 0.18 0.13 0.17 0.14 0.21 0.17 0.21 0.23 0.21 0.16 0.22 0.46 0.41 0.55 0.65 C36T37 0.58 0.67 0.65 0.51 0.49 0.72 0.62 0.86 0.92 1.44 1.38 1.89 3.23 2.91 2.53 2.48 1.93 C50T52 1.02 0.96 1.07 1.10 1.13 1.10 1.11 1.15 1.18 1.05 1.10 1.11 1.09 1.07 1.10 1.10 1.07 C55 2.05 2.53 2.47 2.35 2.28 2.35 2.53 2.45 2.20 2.26 2.21 2.32 2.66 2.63 1.68 2.52 2.77 C60T63 0.71 0.84 0.77 0.74 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.61 0.59 0.97 0.97 1.10 1.09 1.33 1.34 1.33 1.27 C64 5.01 1.96 1.96 1.75 1.63 1.77 1.38 1.36 1.18 1.21 0.88 0.94 0.85 0.26 0.33 0.33 0.36 C65T67 12.93 9.91 10.31 8.97 7.58 7.91 9.12 9.47 8.64 7.28 6.34 5.66 4.75 0.86 0.70 0.72 0.79 Source: Researcher’s estimates TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com APPENDIX I (i): RCA indices based on gross exports (RCA_EXGR): World ISIC 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 C01T05 1.67 1.77 1.96 1.78 2.04 2.84 2.56 2.60 3.31 3.26 3.28 3.97 5.31 3.50 2.96 3.32 3.39 C10T14 2.31 2.05 2.01 2.58 2.16 1.65 1.60 1.61 1.61 1.96 1.74 1.36 1.07 1.26 1.25 0.84 0.76 C15T16 2.43 2.56 2.76 2.69 3.09 3.80 3.77 3.92 3.35 3.59 3.76 3.67 3.29 3.90 3.72 4.07 3.92 C17T19 2.88 2.89 2.91 2.69 2.88 2.76 2.68 2.81 2.82 2.79 3.10 3.62 3.50 3.36 2.90 2.89 2.66 C20 0.91 1.06 1.12 1.16 1.24 1.41 1.68 1.66 1.57 1.48 1.48 1.50 1.43 1.82 1.92 2.70 3.08 C21T22 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.20 0.22 0.25 0.29 0.26 0.27 0.26 0.32 0.33 0.43 0.40 0.45 0.41 C23 0.37 0.31 0.34 0.38 0.25 0.17 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.15 0.08 0.15 0.45 0.47 0.54 C24 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.23 0.23 0.20 0.19 0.22 0.30 0.25 0.33 0.31 0.36 0.41 C25 0.42 0.45 0.45 0.42 0.47 0.49 0.58 0.67 0.82 0.95 0.83 0.88 1.04 1.24 1.33 1.60 1.51 C26 0.83 0.69 0.84 0.85 0.79 0.92 1.05 1.07 1.08 1.10 1.08 1.21 1.25 1.33 1.40 1.62 1.74 C27 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.20 0.64 0.54 0.50 0.54 C28 0.38 0.35 0.34 0.30 0.30 0.34 0.52 0.68 0.77 0.80 0.89 0.95 1.42 0.98 1.00 1.16 1.14 C29 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.20 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.17 0.16 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.30 C30T33X 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.28 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.33 0.38 0.37 0.48 0.63 0.88 C31 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.49 0.58 0.60 0.78 0.73 0.84 0.94 0.97 1.09 1.04 1.07 1.20 1.47 1.46 C34 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.11 0.13 0.20 0.59 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.19 C35 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.17 0.22 0.21 0.24 0.28 0.23 0.14 0.20 0.32 0.19 0.32 0.39 C36T37 1.01 1.07 1.04 1.04 1.02 1.10 1.23 1.43 1.64 1.76 1.83 2.01 2.91 2.20 2.67 2.33 1.77 C50T52 1.15 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.20 1.21 1.21 1.23 1.23 1.03 1.07 1.09 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.03 1.01 C55 1.32 1.60 1.72 1.68 1.58 1.71 1.78 1.77 1.93 1.71 1.63 1.63 1.88 1.63 1.19 1.66 1.73 C60T63 0.60 0.66 0.62 0.60 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.55 0.83 0.81 0.88 0.85 1.04 1.09 1.05 1.04 C64 2.21 1.63 1.37 1.43 1.29 1.29 1.18 1.14 1.05 0.98 0.87 0.84 0.74 0.23 0.32 0.34 0.36 C65T67 4.04 3.84 3.05 2.85 2.26 1.96 1.89 1.72 1.71 1.62 1.33 1.24 0.94 0.17 0.14 0.14 0.14 Source: Researcher’s estimates TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com APPENDIX I (ii): RCA indices based on gross exports (RCA_EXGR): East Asia ISIC C01T05 C10T14 C15T16 C17T19 C20 C21T22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30T33X C31 C34 C35 C36T37 C50T52 C55 C60T63 C64 C65T67 1995 19.66 105.82 13.30 2.74 4.68 0.48 1.57 0.17 0.25 0.79 0.14 0.27 0.08 0.19 0.47 0.00 0.13 0.76 0.85 4.97 0.70 3.15 6.97 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20.60 18.12 18.65 21.40 23.50 19.56 16.92 20.53 26.92 21.38 23.78 35.43 22.89 17.91 17.58 21.91 85.16 75.32 106.53 121.58 85.23 63.09 67.29 66.30 82.56 73.58 72.07 73.87 85.41 80.72 58.48 53.46 13.87 14.42 12.80 16.36 18.06 16.51 15.96 13.63 14.91 13.68 11.98 10.71 12.77 12.14 12.81 11.38 2.69 2.48 2.42 2.63 2.59 2.37 2.47 2.49 2.54 2.60 2.72 2.61 2.32 2.06 1.98 1.72 5.78 4.73 4.76 5.46 5.53 5.22 4.56 3.85 3.20 2.76 2.36 2.20 2.64 2.76 3.84 4.18 0.51 0.53 0.50 0.52 0.57 0.63 0.65 0.57 0.64 0.56 0.64 0.63 0.76 0.69 0.84 0.70 1.20 1.11 1.05 0.73 0.57 0.52 0.54 0.47 0.29 0.23 0.30 0.14 0.23 0.76 0.83 0.86 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.22 0.31 0.28 0.24 0.25 0.27 0.37 0.31 0.38 0.37 0.44 0.47 0.35 0.31 0.25 0.31 0.28 0.31 0.47 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.62 0.77 0.88 0.95 1.17 1.04 0.46 0.85 0.84 0.59 0.77 1.05 1.09 1.05 1.03 0.90 0.97 1.02 1.00 1.02 1.13 1.09 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.22 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.26 0.76 0.72 0.64 0.65 0.28 0.28 0.20 0.20 0.24 0.36 0.49 0.57 0.61 0.65 0.69 1.03 0.67 0.70 0.81 0.72 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.16 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.22 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.20 0.25 0.35 0.49 0.42 0.46 0.49 0.54 0.58 0.74 0.62 0.76 0.97 0.87 0.96 0.93 0.84 0.94 1.10 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.23 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.20 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.19 0.11 0.15 0.22 0.14 0.21 0.24 0.76 0.71 0.66 0.63 0.66 0.79 0.88 1.06 1.16 1.21 1.37 1.96 1.35 1.90 1.62 1.15 0.89 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.99 0.98 1.01 1.03 0.86 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.93 0.95 0.94 0.92 5.58 6.24 6.53 5.29 5.20 4.42 4.39 5.07 3.92 3.19 3.40 4.08 3.37 2.21 3.05 3.12 0.69 0.65 0.69 0.62 0.60 0.59 0.60 0.60 0.91 0.88 1.00 0.98 1.16 1.27 1.26 1.26 2.10 1.43 1.91 1.95 1.92 1.81 1.85 1.58 1.46 1.39 1.22 1.00 0.31 0.48 0.45 0.47 5.73 5.74 6.36 4.29 3.32 2.57 2.40 2.30 2.33 2.09 2.09 1.92 0.40 0.31 0.34 0.38 Source: Researcher’s estimates TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com APPENDIX I (iii): RCA indices based on gross exports (RCA_EXGR): European Union ISIC C01T05 C10T14 C15T16 C17T19 C20 C21T22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30T33X C31 C34 C35 C36T37 C50T52 C55 C60T63 C64 C65T67 1995 4.79 13.21 2.60 4.10 1.19 0.11 0.88 0.08 0.40 0.45 0.10 0.26 0.06 0.59 0.34 0.00 0.12 0.86 1.32 1.13 0.57 1.99 2.24 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 5.01 5.93 5.49 5.09 6.08 6.42 6.70 8.01 6.96 6.76 8.55 11.48 6.77 6.20 5.88 7.80 14.32 16.60 20.28 16.56 15.76 13.30 14.41 14.75 18.22 18.59 17.12 12.13 16.71 13.02 8.00 9.93 2.65 2.91 3.37 3.44 4.03 4.33 4.45 3.57 3.80 3.68 3.50 3.43 3.97 3.83 3.84 3.87 3.92 4.44 4.62 4.91 4.83 4.64 5.08 5.73 5.47 6.18 7.21 7.20 6.13 6.53 6.18 5.56 1.34 1.37 1.25 1.55 1.42 1.69 1.58 1.45 1.38 1.45 1.41 1.30 1.60 1.69 2.23 2.55 0.11 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.17 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.20 0.24 0.31 0.32 0.34 0.32 0.67 0.59 0.81 0.64 0.44 0.36 0.35 0.26 0.28 0.20 0.22 0.13 0.22 0.76 0.75 0.82 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.17 0.15 0.20 0.18 0.21 0.25 0.31 0.34 0.36 0.37 0.47 0.57 0.56 0.68 0.85 0.79 0.72 0.86 1.05 1.26 1.45 1.31 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.62 0.57 0.64 0.68 0.69 0.72 0.72 0.81 0.84 0.92 1.06 1.23 1.35 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.28 0.96 0.82 0.73 0.72 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.26 0.40 0.51 0.59 0.58 0.66 0.68 1.05 0.71 0.78 0.84 0.85 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.58 0.56 0.56 0.55 0.49 0.49 0.44 0.51 0.54 0.54 0.59 0.67 0.64 0.96 1.34 1.67 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.38 0.36 0.49 0.52 0.60 0.66 0.69 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.94 1.19 1.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.34 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.12 0.17 0.16 0.19 0.23 0.17 0.10 0.15 0.22 0.16 0.25 0.29 0.93 1.07 1.00 1.17 1.06 1.30 1.68 2.15 2.20 2.41 2.77 4.18 3.35 4.27 3.69 3.55 1.31 1.31 1.29 1.37 1.40 1.39 1.44 1.43 1.16 1.18 1.25 1.22 1.16 1.16 1.14 1.11 1.38 1.42 1.42 1.35 1.39 1.56 1.61 1.76 1.56 1.43 1.33 1.57 1.35 1.05 1.44 1.42 0.63 0.60 0.58 0.52 0.54 0.55 0.54 0.51 0.75 0.69 0.75 0.70 0.84 0.93 0.84 0.81 1.59 1.35 1.37 1.20 1.16 1.35 1.41 1.42 1.18 1.06 1.15 1.04 0.27 0.36 0.30 0.32 2.15 1.59 1.50 0.95 0.74 0.69 0.61 0.62 0.52 0.45 0.39 0.31 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Source: Researcher’s estimates TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com APPENDIX I (iv): RCA indices based on gross exports (RCA_EXGR): NAFTA ISIC C01T05 C10T14 C15T16 C17T19 C20 C21T22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30T33X C31 C34 C35 C36T37 C50T52 C55 C60T63 C64 C65T67 1995 1.28 10.35 3.03 12.00 0.95 0.08 0.79 0.10 0.64 1.58 0.13 0.64 0.09 0.31 0.52 0.01 0.10 1.55 1.52 0.99 0.51 1.37 1.85 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 1.33 1.68 2.40 2.46 2.80 2.83 2.35 2.67 2.41 2.29 2.81 3.45 1.86 1.90 1.92 2.15 10.17 12.69 14.20 15.05 14.49 14.31 15.31 13.73 13.41 11.18 9.04 5.83 6.79 5.96 3.50 2.63 3.12 3.25 3.35 4.04 4.15 4.39 4.39 3.72 3.92 4.20 4.19 3.77 4.10 4.41 4.29 3.95 11.28 11.12 11.94 13.58 12.27 12.40 13.02 13.37 12.84 14.04 17.87 16.89 15.50 16.64 14.10 13.44 1.18 1.02 1.39 1.47 1.58 2.67 2.40 2.83 2.34 2.43 2.50 2.73 3.42 3.96 4.37 4.51 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.15 0.14 0.16 0.13 0.61 0.77 0.80 0.56 0.43 0.34 0.30 0.22 0.20 0.21 0.23 0.11 0.19 0.57 0.55 0.46 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.16 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.15 0.20 0.17 0.21 0.21 0.25 0.28 0.69 0.82 0.83 1.01 0.98 1.15 1.37 1.60 2.02 1.80 1.75 2.21 2.16 2.56 3.08 3.03 1.78 1.32 1.44 1.59 1.51 1.85 2.25 2.38 3.08 2.06 2.20 2.37 2.65 3.22 3.26 3.43 0.16 0.28 0.29 0.40 0.42 0.42 0.48 0.45 0.60 0.54 0.51 0.52 1.58 1.33 1.17 1.18 0.58 0.47 0.42 0.58 0.52 0.76 1.04 1.15 1.31 1.39 1.42 2.36 1.48 1.50 1.65 1.62 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.18 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.38 0.38 0.35 0.33 0.30 0.31 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.35 0.37 0.38 0.40 0.49 0.46 0.67 0.93 1.31 0.62 0.99 0.94 1.07 1.13 1.37 1.67 2.00 2.07 1.92 2.14 2.33 1.98 2.63 3.22 3.20 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.08 0.06 0.16 0.22 0.26 0.80 0.24 0.26 0.29 0.26 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.10 0.12 0.16 0.10 0.06 0.08 0.15 0.11 0.19 0.23 1.60 0.82 1.16 0.96 0.77 0.88 0.99 1.11 1.15 1.08 1.12 1.57 1.07 1.65 1.36 1.11 1.52 1.47 1.51 1.55 1.52 1.50 1.53 1.54 1.25 1.27 1.30 1.27 1.25 1.34 1.26 1.26 1.29 1.32 1.28 1.03 1.02 1.10 1.11 1.19 1.06 0.92 0.86 1.05 0.91 0.72 0.96 1.02 0.53 0.50 0.51 0.45 0.42 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.65 0.61 0.68 0.71 0.81 0.91 0.94 0.91 1.09 0.90 0.75 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.63 0.55 0.49 0.45 0.48 0.45 0.16 0.24 0.21 0.23 1.63 1.41 1.31 1.04 0.88 0.91 0.75 0.69 0.61 0.53 0.53 0.48 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.07 Source: Researcher’s estimates TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com APPENDIX I (v): RCA indices based on gross exports (RCA_EXGR): ASEAN ISIC C01T05 C10T14 C15T16 C17T19 C20 C21T22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30T33X C31 C34 C35 C36T37 C50T52 C55 C60T63 C64 C65T67 1995 2.11 2.63 1.76 2.42 0.25 0.29 0.40 0.30 0.24 1.37 0.37 0.66 0.27 0.19 0.69 0.06 0.57 0.85 1.20 0.97 0.61 0.95 3.42 1996 1.75 2.69 1.95 2.73 0.29 0.34 0.28 0.31 0.46 1.33 0.32 1.00 0.30 0.18 0.69 0.07 0.48 0.81 1.22 1.28 0.63 0.83 2.99 1997 2.05 2.50 1.89 2.94 0.30 0.28 0.31 0.28 0.46 1.48 0.27 0.90 0.35 0.18 0.70 0.05 0.48 0.90 1.23 1.40 0.62 0.71 2.77 1998 2.35 2.80 1.77 2.65 0.36 0.19 0.36 0.22 0.34 1.19 0.20 0.71 0.27 0.17 0.63 0.03 0.41 0.97 1.22 1.57 0.69 1.24 2.85 1999 3.24 3.00 2.16 2.73 0.38 0.22 0.28 0.22 0.37 0.99 0.27 0.76 0.30 0.16 0.62 0.03 0.59 0.97 1.28 1.18 0.63 1.17 2.42 2000 4.05 2.64 2.64 2.62 0.46 0.25 0.20 0.24 0.32 1.06 0.34 0.66 0.30 0.16 0.72 0.03 0.92 1.12 1.29 1.19 0.65 1.20 2.43 2001 3.27 2.40 2.64 2.63 0.59 0.27 0.20 0.31 0.56 1.10 0.32 1.19 0.46 0.15 0.77 0.12 1.14 1.06 1.28 1.21 0.64 1.20 1.91 2002 2.77 2.32 2.40 2.97 0.60 0.31 0.22 0.27 0.62 1.09 0.34 1.55 0.34 0.13 0.76 0.18 0.96 1.35 1.32 1.16 0.61 1.08 1.77 2003 3.00 2.23 1.94 3.22 0.61 0.28 0.17 0.22 0.72 1.13 0.32 1.54 0.34 0.15 0.90 0.13 0.93 1.60 1.34 1.42 0.62 0.77 1.53 2004 2.44 2.59 1.96 3.20 0.63 0.33 0.16 0.20 0.83 1.29 0.39 1.59 0.33 0.17 0.88 0.26 1.06 1.68 1.13 1.17 0.87 0.75 1.37 2005 2.66 2.94 1.68 3.07 0.66 0.26 0.13 0.23 0.47 1.31 0.46 1.29 0.31 0.18 1.07 0.24 0.60 2.16 1.15 1.07 0.83 0.61 1.18 2006 2.24 2.08 2.02 3.89 0.67 0.34 0.20 0.28 0.71 1.32 0.36 1.73 0.36 0.19 1.04 0.38 0.36 1.95 1.18 1.03 0.88 0.53 1.15 2007 3.32 1.58 1.65 4.02 0.72 0.34 0.11 0.24 0.84 1.48 0.40 2.51 0.31 0.23 1.10 1.10 0.47 2.74 1.15 1.02 0.79 0.44 0.97 2008 2.20 1.78 1.58 3.50 0.83 0.43 0.25 0.39 0.90 1.54 1.31 1.60 0.71 0.22 1.26 0.34 0.74 2.00 1.11 0.97 0.90 0.14 0.17 2009 2.68 1.51 1.70 3.51 0.93 0.46 0.57 0.32 1.00 1.81 0.98 1.55 0.69 0.29 1.52 0.38 0.49 2.65 1.18 0.79 0.92 0.23 0.14 2010 2.38 1.10 1.74 3.52 1.27 0.49 0.55 0.37 1.10 2.36 0.95 1.99 0.65 0.40 1.70 0.36 0.76 2.54 1.15 0.98 0.90 0.23 0.14 2011 1.97 0.93 1.59 3.25 1.38 0.40 0.84 0.39 1.08 2.31 1.08 1.97 0.59 0.58 1.73 0.45 0.85 1.97 1.10 0.94 0.85 0.23 0.14 Source: Researcher’s estimates TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com APPENDIX I (vi): RCA indices based on gross exports (RCA_EXGR): BRIS ISIC C01T05 C10T14 C15T16 C17T19 C20 C21T22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30T33X C31 C34 C35 C36T37 C50T52 C55 C60T63 C64 C65T67 1995 1.31 1.48 1.66 3.20 0.57 0.09 0.24 0.11 0.57 0.97 0.03 0.28 0.17 2.51 0.84 0.01 0.18 0.76 1.07 1.87 0.76 4.64 11.98 1996 1.64 1.16 1.68 3.28 0.91 0.14 0.15 0.12 0.62 0.94 0.03 0.45 0.21 2.61 1.04 0.01 0.20 0.93 1.04 2.25 0.90 1.78 8.98 1997 1.47 1.16 1.75 3.35 0.88 0.14 0.15 0.13 0.62 0.94 0.03 0.42 0.19 2.28 1.15 0.01 0.27 0.91 1.11 2.22 0.82 1.80 9.33 1998 1.36 1.42 1.77 3.33 0.64 0.14 0.24 0.11 0.66 0.95 0.03 0.29 0.20 2.66 1.20 0.01 0.19 0.71 1.14 2.13 0.76 1.63 8.24 1999 1.53 1.50 2.04 3.29 0.58 0.14 0.17 0.13 0.71 0.93 0.03 0.28 0.19 2.28 1.21 0.01 0.23 0.64 1.18 2.08 0.71 1.50 6.94 2000 2.05 1.31 2.66 3.19 0.72 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.80 1.05 0.03 0.28 0.20 2.20 1.36 0.01 0.22 0.89 1.18 2.22 0.75 1.62 7.23 2001 1.79 1.19 2.54 3.31 0.86 0.18 0.10 0.19 0.97 1.20 0.04 0.46 0.31 1.86 1.58 0.04 0.33 0.84 1.18 2.38 0.72 1.24 8.44 2002 1.71 1.13 2.60 3.53 0.89 0.24 0.09 0.19 1.09 1.25 0.04 0.61 0.23 1.74 1.86 0.06 0.25 1.17 1.22 2.28 0.66 1.20 8.70 2003 2.38 1.11 2.27 4.06 0.87 0.22 0.08 0.19 1.36 1.30 0.04 0.75 0.22 2.20 2.33 0.06 0.31 1.29 1.23 2.02 0.63 1.05 7.76 2004 2.24 1.27 2.35 4.32 0.92 0.27 0.06 0.21 1.72 1.43 0.05 1.21 0.24 2.63 2.81 0.11 0.38 1.54 1.01 1.92 0.97 1.06 6.40 2005 2.33 1.22 2.31 5.25 0.84 0.28 0.05 0.25 1.73 1.45 0.06 1.31 0.27 3.02 3.02 0.16 0.30 1.58 1.04 1.82 0.94 0.74 5.44 2006 2.71 0.93 2.21 6.40 1.01 0.37 0.06 0.34 1.79 1.63 0.07 1.41 0.30 3.23 3.33 0.25 0.23 1.89 1.04 1.88 1.03 0.80 4.81 2007 3.28 0.70 2.18 6.54 1.00 0.38 0.03 0.25 1.93 1.61 0.09 2.21 0.29 3.01 2.77 0.85 0.33 2.94 0.99 2.15 1.03 0.68 3.94 2008 2.38 0.92 2.66 6.71 1.51 0.51 0.06 0.30 2.40 2.16 0.29 1.66 0.60 2.70 2.95 0.26 0.64 2.62 0.98 2.09 1.25 0.21 0.72 2009 1.97 0.71 2.46 5.61 1.54 0.46 0.19 0.32 2.57 2.25 0.24 1.86 0.69 2.97 3.23 0.24 0.54 1.99 1.01 1.38 1.22 0.28 0.59 2010 2.44 0.48 2.74 5.60 2.39 0.56 0.19 0.35 3.38 2.97 0.24 2.01 0.67 5.12 4.46 0.28 0.76 1.85 0.99 2.03 1.19 0.26 0.59 2011 2.46 0.47 2.57 5.71 2.85 0.55 0.22 0.41 3.26 3.55 0.29 2.15 0.59 6.66 4.61 0.32 0.89 1.43 0.95 2.19 1.14 0.27 0.65 Source: Researcher’s estimates TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ... destinations of value added exports of Vietnam, - validation of export- led growth of Vietnam, - assessing export competitiveness of exporting industries of Vietnam, and - assessing exporting industries‟... on net trade in value added, rather than exports or imports of value added separately to show that a country‟s net export in value added equals its net exports in gross trade thus linking it... of Vietnam applying ? ?trade in value added? ?? (TiVA) approach By ? ?export dynamics of Vietnam? ?? it is meant here the characteristics of Vietnamese exports that have stimulated its economic growth, in