(LUẬN văn THẠC sĩ) economic and social development towards a sustainable direction in van lam embroidery village (ninh hai, hoa lu, ninh binh) luận văn ths khu vực học 60 31 60

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES - DO THI HONG THU ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE DIRECTION IN VAN LAM EMBROIDERY VILLAGE (NINH HAI, HOA LU, NINH BINH) MASTER’S THESIS Major: Vietnamese Studies Code: 60 31 60 Supervisor: Prof Dr Truong Quang Hai Hanoi - 2011 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com INDEX ACKNOWLEDGEMENT COMMITMENT INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: SEVERAL BASIC QUESTIONS OF REASONING AND METHODOLOGY OF VAN LAM TRADE VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT 13 1.1 History of the question study 13 1.2 Concept and features of traditional trade villages 18 1.2.1 Concept of traditional trade village 18 1.2.2 Classification 21 1.2.2.1 Trade villages 21 1.2.2.2 Traditional trade villages 21 1.2.3 Features of traditional trade villages 22 1.2.4 Role of trade villages in economic and social development 26 1.2.5 Sustainable developing trade villages 30 1.3 Factors influencing the formation and development of trade villages 33 1.3.1 Geographical position 33 1.3.2 Demands of the consumers and economic pressure 34 1.3.3 Professional skill level of the artisans and qualified workers; traditional techniques and long-standing experience of trade villages 35 1.3.4 Regulations of trade villages and the government’s policies 36 1.4 Study viewpoints and methods 40 1.4.1 Study viewpoints 40 1.4.2 Study methods 40 Chapter 2: REAL SITUATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF VAN LAM EMBROIDERY TRADE VILLAGE (NINH HAI – HOA LU – NINH BINH) 41 2.1 Geographical position and natural condition Error! Bookmark not defined TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 2.2 Shaping and developing process of the embroidery trade in Van Lam trade 41 2.2.1 History of the embroidery in Vietnam 45 2.2.2 Forming and developing process of Van Lam embroidery village 48 2.3 Real situation of economic development 52 2.3.1 Situation of development and number of embroidery businesses 53 2.3.2 Scale and level of growth of the trade village 55 2.3.3 Economic structure 57 2.4 Real situation of social development in the trade village 59 2.4.1 Population and workers 59 2.4.2 Families and lines 60 2.4.3 Relics and landscapes 61 2.4.4 Festival 65 2.4.5 Infrastructures 66 Chapter 3: ORIENTATION AND SOLUTIONS FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN A SUSTAINABLE WAY IN VAN LAM EMBROIDERY VILLAGE 68 3.1 Assessing the real situation of development of Van Lam trade village from the sustainable viewpoint 68 3.1.1 Economic effect 68 3.1.3 Environmental meanings 83 3.1.4 Difficulties and challenges in the development of the trade village 84 3.2 Orientation of sustainable development of Van Lam embroidery village (Ninh Hai commune, Hoa Lu district, Ninh Binh province) 88 3.3 Some solutions contributing to sustainably develop Van Lam embroidery 90 3.3.1 Production materials and renovating product designs 90 3.3.2 Consuming markets 91 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 3.3.3 Investment 92 3.3.4 Land and production premises 93 3.3.5 Developing human resources 93 3.3.6 Protecting trade village environment 94 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS……………………… REFERENCES 100 LIST OF ILLUSTRATED TABLES AND GRAPHS Order Tables and graphs Page Table 2.1 Number of lace embroidery from 1993 to 2010 54 Table 2.2 Scale of lace embroidery businesses in 2009 56 Graph 2.1 Structure of lace embroidery businesses in Van Lam 56 Table 2.3 Economic situation of Ninh Hai commune from 2007 to 2009 58 Table 2.4 Situation of population and workers of Ninh Hai commune from 2007 to 2009 60 Table 3.1 Export value of lace embroidery businesses from 2007 to 2009 71 Graph 3.1 Economic structure of Ninh Hai commune phase 2005 - 2010 73 Table 3.2 Comparing income agricultural workers Table 3.3 Contribution to Ninh Hai commune budget of lace embroidery businesses from 2007 to 2009 76 Graph 3.2 Contribution rate to Ninh Hai commune budge of lace embroidery businesses from 2007 to 2009 77 Table 3.4 Job formation of lace embroidery businesses in 2009 78-79 between lace workers and 74 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Table 3.5 Activities to maintain and develop traditional lace embroidery scale of businesses from 2007 to 2009 82 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to express my gratitude and deepest respect to Prof.Drc.Truong Quang Hai, my supervisor, who enthusiastic instructs and conveys basic knowledge to me, as well as contributes valuable ideas to help me complete this thesis I would like to express my sincere thanks to the people of Van Lam communes for their enthusiasm in supplying me information during my field work in these areas Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends who always care, share, motivate and encourage me Date: / /2011 Signed Do Thi Hong Thu TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com COMMITMENT I hereby declare that the researched results in this thesis are absolutely honest Information and results published in this thesis are my researching work If there is any shortcoming, I will bear all responsibilities before the training unit and the law Date: / /2011 Signed Do Thi Hong Thu TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com INTRODUCTION Rationale Throughout history, handicraft villages have always played an important role in the economic - social life, and in spiritual cultural activities in the countryside of Vietnam In the process of industrialization and modernization, and the international economic integration, the development of these trade villages is very important for transferring rural economy, preserving and promoting national cultural values In recent years, along with the implementation of policies to support agriculture and rural development of the Party and Government, industries and handicraft villages have been restored and developed Many villages have created permanent jobs, taking full advantage of most of the workers in their leisure time Ninh Binh locates in the south of the Red River Delta at the gateway from the North to the South Therefore, it becomes an important strategic hyphen for the North - South traffic Ninh Binh is also the crossroads of three major cultures that are Red River, Ma River, and Hoa Binh Hence, this is the land of history and culture with many traditional villages such as Van Lam lace embroidery, Kim Son sedge fine arts, Ninh Van stone carvings, Phuc Loc carpentry, Van Long bamboo mat weaving, and Binh Khang rock garden Artisans in traditional villages with skilled hands and creative minds make products are not only beautiful and valuable but also contain elevated values for the land and people of Ninh Binh Referring to Ninh Binh, people think of the Hoa Lu ancient capital of Dai Co Viet under two dynasties of Dinh and Pre-Le It is also the start of the Ly dynasty However, maybe not many people know about Vu Lam royal step-over place (It is now Van Lam hamlet) This is where the ancient King Tran Thai Tong after defeating Nguyen Mong invader for the first time (1258) ceded the throne to his son, Hoang Crown Prince, and became the King’s father He then came to Vu Lam Mountain to lead a religious life and build TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Vu Lam royal step-over place The area of Vu Lam ancient mountains is now Van Lam village in Ninh Hai commune, Hoa Lu district, Ninh Binh province In the second resistance to struggle against Nguyen – Mong aggressors, once a gain the King and mandarins of the Tran dynasty chose Vu Lam mountains as their revolutionary base, consolidated forces, counter-attacked Thang Long imperial capital city, and defeated the invaders to gain the national independence The reason for choosing this place is that this is a dangerous mountain area with the Ngo Dong River flowing through in the front, and rocky mountains and valleys behind in order to maneuver in both on land and in water The names of land and people in Van Lam village today still strongly remains their historical stamps of those days such as Truong Thi field for holding maneuvers, Ben Thanh for gathering naval forces, Tuan Cao village for mandarins to notifying the King, Hanh Cung village for the King’s residence, and Thai Vi temple where Tran Kings are worshipped According to records in the history books, when the King Tran Thai Tong (Tran Canh) and his court came to Phi Van Son to build the revolutionary base to fight the Nguyen - Mong for the second (1285) Mrs Tran Thi Dung, mother-in-law of King Tran Thai Tong had passed on the lace embroidery to the people of Van Lam, Ninh Hai [43, tr.1248] Since then people have involved in embroidery Van Lam embroidery village now locating in Ninh Hai commune, Hoa Lu district, Ninh Binh province, becomes the “kingdom of lace embroidery” that is famous throughout the country With the pride “Fields all four sides are not equal to having a job within reach” and “A rolling stone gathers no moss”, Van Lam people is more proud when this traditional embroidery has contributed to create job for hundreds of unemployed workers This increases income and improves people’s life to eliminate hunger and reduce poverty, and transfer agricultural - rural economic structure Embroidery products with variety of designs attract many tourists at home and abroad TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com However, today, along with the rainstorm development of scientific and technological revolution, the application of new scientific and technological achievements into production has freed the labor of many people Machines are taken the place of manual labor Accordingly, embroidering machines, drying equipments, and units used to design patterns, product lines, and modern embroidering technology gradually develop and replace manual embroidery Embroidery by hands is also facing sharp competition with machine-made embroidery and garment industry On the other hand, under the influence of the market economy, pressure on capital, market, product design, and price has made many villages to transform their trading form Along with this, the traditional craft has greatly deformed Van Lam embroidery village is not an exception of the influencing impact rules of the market economy However, in the future, whether the embroidery has been maintained in the Van Lam village or not? Alternatively, will the Van Lam embroidery suffer the same fate as some other villages? Therefore, the conservation and development of a traditional village in the context of modern society has meant both keeping national cultural characters creams, and contributing to solve the problem of “not involved in agriculture but still staying in homeland” Developing trade villages not only transfers the rural economy, contributes to the increase of trade industry density, and reduces the proportion of agriculture, but also conserves national cultural and historical values The special thing is that most of the villages in Vietnam locate on the axis of convenient transportation both on land and in water Tourism of traditional craft villages in Vietnam is becoming attractive destination for domestic and foreign tourists because of long-standing cultural values and specific crafts in each area Visitors can not only observe the peaceful landscape of the Vietnamese countryside, learn about the job ancestor, and make the acquaintance of artisans, but also directly participate in the production process of the local handmade products Van Lam embroidery village is such a village In this province, Tam Coc - Bich Dong tourist area is named “dry Ha Long”, annually attracting a large number of tourists TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Developing economy and society in a sustainable way in trade villages is a new direction and a major challenge for many trade villages in the process of industrialization, modernization, and market economy opening Although Van Lam village has a great advantage for trade and tourism development, Van Lam embroidery village is now facing many challenges Therefore, its socio - economic development should be in a sustainable and long-term direction Although Van Lam embroidery products have been present in many countries around the world, in general the development of Van Lam embroidery village still has many limitations The embroidery bases are small and in unprompted development without coordination and combination The work of trademark registration and product quality improvement is still limited, not well exploiting tourism potential of trade villages The market for product consumption is not stable On the other hand, at present and in the coming years, the area of commune’s farmland has declined rapidly The number of people without frequent employment is increasing, putting a greater pressure on labor and job Therefore, in the future, the development of embroidery villages aims to promote the advantages and potentials of a local traditional handicraft Since then, trade villages will be promoted in a sustainable and long-term way, contributing to the transfer of local economy This is an essential requirement and a concern of all levels and sectors in the province Learning about the traditional embroidery in Van Lam not only sees the rise and fall development of the village, but also contributes to promote local tourism in order to popularize its trade name and preserve a traditional village Hence, I chose the topic “Economic and social development towards a sustainable direction in Van Lam embroidery village (Ninh Hai, Hoa Lu, Ninh Binh)” for my MA thesis with the instruction of Prof.Dr Truong Quang Hai I hope that the findings of Van Lam embroidery village will help me learn more about the villages of Vietnam, and the role of trade villages in the country industrialization and modernization process 10 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com executive committee of the trade village need to combine with the governments of various levels and embroidery businesses to open courses to cultivate artistic knowledge for artisans to encourage the ability of fine arts creation In addition to innovate product designs to meet the consumers’ taste, the product quality is also one of factors enhancing the product value and competition To have products with good quality, the embroiderers and business owners often create new designs and organize competitions to enhance the professional skills of good embroiderers and artistic embroidery products On the other hand, they must catch with the customers’ taste to make quality products With the advantage of locating near Tam Coc – Bich Dong tourism area, the development of products as souvenirs is also a good direction 3.3.2 Consuming markets Most of difficulties that traditional craft villages facing after making products are how and where to consume the products Hence, the consuming market factor has a decisive meaning in the trade village prosperity To help Van Lam embroidery products control domestic and foreign markets, embroiderers and businesses should implement the following basic solutions: First, organizing showrooms and places to exhibit, introduce, and sell products at the production area to form a specific commodity area of the village Van Lam has an advantage of geographic position that is near Tam Coc – Bich Dong tourism area Hence, the selling can be connected at home, or on boats carrying visitors Second, searching for markets suitable with the capacity to export products; bravely investing and looking for foreign markets; finding partners and orders to directly export products; and taking initiative in business plans In addition, it is necessary to expand the domestic markets by participating in fairs of fine arts products, building agencies to introduce products and business units in other localities to consume and collect products 91 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Third, expanding the product consuming market by focusing on the product quality and quality management system To make the Van Lam embroidery products have competition strength in the market, the embroiderers and businesses must pay attention to using time, product quality, and consuming price Hence, activities to improve productivity and product quality should be noticed Fourth, participating more actively in propagandizing and popularizing products at home and abroad; setting website with rich contents and images to introduce the trade village, embroidery businesses, as well as specific and new products to help the customers better catch the information Through website, the commercial transactions can be implemented quickly and exactly Fifth, re-building temple to worship the industry ancestor, building the tradition room of the village, village gate and market to popularize the trade village brand 3.3.3 Investment The shortage of capital for production as well as better machines and equipments, improving productivity and product quality, improving techniques, and increasing the competition capacity in the market has become leading difficulties for trade villages in general and Van Lam embroidery village in particular Hence, if well dealing with capital, it will create a driving force for the village’s strong development To this, the Party and state along with local governments should have clear policies to better the structure to fund prefential credit, simplify procedures to mortgage and borrow money to help embroidery businesses keeping their production and expanding consuming markets On the other hand, embroidery businesses need take the initiative to mobilize money by contributing unused money from families, effectively using capital, as well as borrowing and connecting with each other to create capital, speed up the accumulating process, and reinvesting to expand business work to gain better results 92 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 3.3.4 Land and production premises In Van Lam village, there are nine businesses trading in embroidery, not including households doing outwork and working as “satellite” for other businesses There is a reality happening here that is narrow production premises while businesses want to rise up to expand production premises, programme embroidery workshops, organizing showrooms, and offices to transact with the customers more conveniently Hence, to deal with these difficulties, the local government need to create good conditions for embroidery businesses such as spending land for businesses, reducing fees of using and changing land use purposes, and reducing inconveniences in renting land In addition, the local government needs to instruct procedures to hand over and rent land with a simpler way and shorten time to deal with these formalities Ineffectively used land should be taken back to give to embroidery businesses that need land for their production expansion 3.3.5 Developing human resources One of direct reasons influences the product quality is low technique skill of the embroiderers This limitation originates from the fact that they were not trained and educated carefully Old artisans pass away bringing with them valuable professional experience and skills Meanwhile, the youth likes to discover modern technology science rather than being completely wrapped up in embroidering Hence, training skillful embroiderers is a pressing requirement for Van Lam embroidery village It is necessary to have supports from the State and local government in expanding the training scale and diversifying forms of professional teaching and improving professional skills for the workers In the forth-coming time, the executive committee of the village needs to cooperate with businesses and local government to expand courses to train embroidery techniques for different subjects It is not stopping only at basic embroidery techniques but also expanding courses to improve the employees’ professional skills Therefore, they can make sophisticated products for export; at once, they will improve and apply new techniques to 93 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com create the diversity and richness for their products The professional skills of the workers should be classified as well as their wage must be satisfactory so they can feel secure to work Even after each training course, it is necessary to summarize and orient job for the workers New workers should be sent to concentrated training courses, or joined learning and working courses so that they can quickly catch with basic techniques Alternatively, they can be taught by experienced artisans Every year, the movement of professional skill competition should be held There should be policies to encourage both in material and spirit ways for skillful workers and workers with new initiatives in work In addition, the state and governments of various levels should to enforce official rewarding regulations and having proper treatment policies for artisans A good policy for the artisans is not only a gift in term of both material and spirit for them, but also encourages the young generation to follow their example to preserve and promote the trade village traditions At the same time, it helps the artisans have good conditions to promote their talent and preserve the traditional trade for their children On the other hand, Van Lam is a trade village locating near Tam Coc – Bich Dong tourism area This is a very convenient to develop the traditional trade, expand market, and popularize products to all visitors However, its weakness is not connecting the traditional trade to tourism The artisans know only giving their whole mind to work Embroidery business owners are not well trained and they work mainly with their experience They not know foreign languages; hence, it is difficult to approach to the foreign markets The embroidery products are exported mainly under the mandated export Therefore, to survive and develop in a long time, embroidery businesses have to form and implement suitable training strategies in order to overcome the above weakness They should regularly improve and enhance their management capacity and foreign language level in order to catch new information of the Party and government’s laws and policies 3.3.6 Protecting trade village environment 94 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Sustainable development is our Party and Government’s basic standpoint in term of all developments, including sustainable development for trade villages Sustainably developing trade villages not only contributes to develop economy, create job, eliminate hunger and reduce poverty, and ensure social security, but also save strength for the workers Van Lam is a trade village with the advantage of combining the development of a traditional craft and trade village tourism However, to effectively develop, Van Lam embroidery village needs to implement some basic following methods: First, attaching special importance to the policy of sustainably developing trade villages Production and trading should pay attention to protecting the environment with concrete methods, including: building, promulgating, and applying normative acts of protecting trade village environment It should be clearly defined the responsibility of the locality, industries, and businesses Especially, regulations of environmental sanitation should be defined in forms of convention and commitment to protect the environment of the local authority; building the norm “Green trade village” in order to rank trade villages protecting the environment in a sustainable way Second, programming the trade village space connecting with protecting the environment; limiting the extension and expansion of roads and constructing high-rise buildings in order to keep a production context and the tradition of the trade village Hence, it can combine with the tourism activities In addition, it is also necessary to programme comprehensively the production premises, infrastructure structure such as communication routes, electricity and water supplying system, information system, collecting and treating wastewater and garbage to make the village landscape green, clean, and beautiful Third, the trade village development should ensure the sustainability and harmony among aspects of economy, society, and environmental protection Thus, courses to train and popularize green production technologies should be held; encouraging businesses to treat the waste water 95 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com before eliminating into the environment; and encouraging people to protect the environment in associations such as women’s association and the Youth union Fourth, improving the quality of human resources in trade villages by opening professional training courses; attaching special importance to the model of professional teaching together with consuming products; and increasing people’s awareness in protecting the environment while doing business 96 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Basing on the study goals and contents, the thesis “Economic and social development towards a sustainable direction in Van Lam embroidery village (Ninh Hai, Hoa Lu, Ninh Binh)” focused on dealing with the following basic questions: First, from the concept of traditional trade village, we analyze the features of trade villages from two aspects: features of technique, technology, and products; and features of economy and society The first features define production process and product nature that make the products unique, while the second ones influence the formation and development of traditional trade villages Second, it makes clear the role of traditional trade villages in economic and social development, especially contributing to impulse the transfer of rural economic structure to the industrialization and modernization direction In addition, this will solve the problem of employment, raise income, improve people’s living standards, building new countryside face, and preserve national cultural values Basing on these, it affirms that developing Van Lam embroidery village in a sustainable way is an indispensable trend of the rural and agricultural industrialization and modernization process Third, there are many factors influencing the formation and development of trade villages Among them, the factor of geographic position plays a very important role in the prosperity and survival of a trade village In addition, the professional skills of the artisans and workers, and the traditional technique and long-standing experience of the village impulse its development and create a specific nuance In Van Lam embroidery village, the geographic position and professional skills of the artisans are factors ensuring the development of the embroidery and its specific nuance Fourth, it analyzes the factuality of economic and social development of Van Lam embroidery village to make clear positive changes in the village in term of economic growing scale, economic structure, and labor structure Especially, there is a big transfer in production relation with the appearance of 97 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com medium and small businesses However, in addition to those positive changes, the village still has some limitations with the clearest one is that it has not had a clear strategy to promote its potentials and advantages of a traditional trade and tourism village Fifth, basing on the analysis of economic and social development factuality, the thesis brings out orientations and solutions to develop in a sustainable way in Van Lam embroidery village Sustainable development is an indispensable trend of traditional craft in the rural and agricultural industrialization and modernization process today In Van Lam embroidery village, the sustainable development is the way towards the harmonious development between embroidery trade and tourism activities to create a good environment for the trade to expand However, the embroidery in Van Lam village also faces many difficulties and challenges such as slowly renovating product models, lacking of capital to expand the production, having unstable consuming markets, and weakening in meeting the production demand Hence, to sustainably develop, it is necessary to overcome those limitations by positive methods such as: continuously renovating models to suit with the customers’ taste, especially souvenirs for the visitors; mobilizing unused money from the people to develop the production; and actively and taking initiative in looking for consuming market Through the recommendations: studying process, we propose some following For the government of various levels, it is necessary to aware of the importance of developing the traditional embroidery in Van Lam village in the economic and social development; dealing with employment question to contribute to transfer the local economic structure The traditional embroidery should be considered a long-term strategy that helps the people “not involved in agriculture but still staying in their homeland” Hence, traditional embroidery businesses should be given good conditions to develop such as giving land to embroidery businesses to expand their production 98 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Actively combining with embroidery businesses in developing the local economy and society such as increasing the contribution level in the local renovation work, and innovating product designs and quality to make the customers trust in them, serving tourism activities Building concrete plans in combination with developing traditional trade village and trade village tourism In the short term, a market of the trade village should be built near the Van Lam wharf to introduce to the visitors embroidery products This will attract them to visit Tam Coc – Bich Dong and purchase the products of Van Lam embroidery village Improving some historical relics to create a beautiful landscape for the trade village environment such as mending Cac communal house, house of embroidery ancestor worship, and Thai Vi temple It is necessary to combine and cooperate with the Department of Culture, Sports, and Tourism of Ninh Binh province in order to propagandize and popularize the knowledge of protecting environment and building trade village convention This aims to mobilize people to protect the environment and make the landscape of the trade village comfortable For embroidery businesses, it is necessary to take full advantage of helps of all industries and levels However, they should take initiative to promote their own internal strength to be able stand firmly in the market They also need to pay attention to training and improving the professional skills for workers, diversifying product designs and types, taking initiative to look for markets, and enhancing their competitive capacity It is the must to have awareness and responsibility for the development of a traditional embroidery village to raise people’s income, preserve, and conserve a traditional craft village 99 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com REFERENCES Executive Party Committee of Hoa Lu district (1998), History of the party committee of Hoa Lu district (1930 – 1996), National Politic Publishing House, Hanoi Ministry of Planning and Investment (2006), Policy of sustainable development in Vietnam – Real situation and recommendations, Labor 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of human capital and social capital in the transportation of vilage-based industrial clusters: evidence from Northem Vietnam, Tokyo 104 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 105 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ... villages, making four areas including: Ngoai area, also called Tren area including the Vu and Do lineages; Cac area known as Hai area including the Le and Dai Cac; Trung area known as Ba area including... and social development of Van Lam embroidery trade village Chapter 3: Orientations and solutions of sustainable economic and social development in Van Lam embroidery trade village 12 TIEU LUAN... ? ?Economic and social development towards a sustainable direction in Van Lam embroidery village (Ninh Hai, Hoa Lu, Ninh Binh)? ?? for my MA thesis with the instruction of Prof.Dr Truong Quang Hai I hope