BRITISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE cinderella is one of the literary works i have ever known

KIEN GIANG UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES BRITISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE LECTURER: Danh Thị Minh Hiếu Student name: Lê Yến Nhi Student code: 1905204087 Class: B19NA4 Table of contents I: Reflection: Reflection 1: Reflection 2: Reflection 3: Reflection 4: Reflection 5: 10 Reflection 6: 12 Reflection 7: 16 Reflection 8: 18 Reflection 9: 21 Reflection 10: 24 II: Powerpoint Presentation: I: Reflection: - Reflection 1: Cinderella is one of the literary works I have ever known This story is about an innocent, innocent but extremely pitiful girl named Cinderella She had a difficult life because her mother died early and she had to live with her stepmother and her two daughters She is always treated unfairly and scolded all day long even though she always does her job very well In her loneliest moments, she could only talk to small animals But on the contrary, she has a wonderful, beautiful beauty and she always has a beautiful dream of a better life Suddenly one day the king decided to find a wife for his son, Cinderella also wanted to join but was prevented by her stepmother in every way Fortunately, a kind fairy came and gave her a miracle to turn her into a beautiful young woman with a luxurious dress and glass shoes Her appearance surprised everyone, but told her to return home before midnight because then the magic would expire When she went to the party, her step-aunt and two daughters did not recognize her, thinking it was a princess from a foreign country, because she was so gorgeous and beautiful Here, Cinderella as the most beautiful princess, was noticed by the prince and invited to dance with her When it was midnight, she suddenly remembered the advice of the fairy and rushed out to the point of dropping a shoe At that time, the prince fell in love with Cinderella and picked up the shoe with the desire to find her again Then the prince, because he missed her so much, he wore the shoe everywhere so that the girls could try and see who would fit the shoe to be the prince's wife Many girls from all over came to try on the prince's wife, but in the end only Cinderella fit the shoe In the end, the prince married Cinderella and the two lived happily ever after Through this story, we can understand that in life, let's live honestly, emotionally and sincerely, eventually we will have a good life like Cinderella - Reflection 2: Perhaps, the period of English literature that I feel like is the Old English period In this period, literature is transmitted and the text in this period is often a translation of something else Most of all Old English poetry was written in a single stanza, a four-stressed line with a syntactic break, between the second and third stresses Poetry has a formula and is based on a set of common phrases and phrase patterns In some of these periods there are Historical poems in the AngloSaxon Chronicle, poetic renderings of Psalm 51-150, historical poems such as the battle of Brunanburh (after 937) During this period very few poems are specifically dated But for a long time English literature has been used to express the subject, the author's desire such as short stories about martyrdom, narratives, scriptures and sermons With the richness of literature came the term elegy, used in Old English poems lamenting the loss of glory, human companionship Deor was the one to bridge the gap between the epic and the heroic poem by alluding to sad stories from German legend This narrative contains some of the language's finest verses, setting up wondrous stories against a historical backdrop They make me admire, feel admiration for things that no one thought possible centuries ago, especially in the Old English period This period helped me to expand my knowledge a lot, it helped me in my studies One of the earliest works of prose is King Aethberht I of Kent's code and other prose of the 7th and 8th centuries have similar characteristics Besides, in England soon there were literary prose translations into English because Kong wanted to improve his English learning situation Towards the end of the 10th and 11th centuries, prose grew increasingly associated with the Benedictine Reformation, a movement that sought to impose a disciplined order on a loosely developed monastic establishment There were many anonymous but high-quality works published such as sermons, lives of saints, dialogues To show us that English literature has developed very well for a long time During this period, English became a rich and flexible literary language that could not be compared Practice creating: I will go to the silent land When you can't hold me back with your hands I will never turn stay Please remember me no matter what day - Reflection 3: As far as I know, there is a character quite similar to the character Beowulf that is the character Thach Sanh in Vietnamese fairy tales Thach Sanh is the crown prince who was reincarnated as a poor child by the Jade Emperor with goodwill When growing up, Thach Sanh was helped by the gods, taught martial arts, all miracles Later, Thach Sanh was sworn in as a brother by a man named Ly Thong and invited Thach Sanh to his house At that time, a man-eating monster appeared here, every year the villagers had to hand over one person to it to eat One day, it was Ly Thong's turn to submit his life to the monster Ly Thong thought of a plan to harm Thach Sanh in his place He lied to Thach Sanh that Ly Thong had to go watch the temple, but was busy with work and expected Thach Sanh to go instead, he immediately agreed Here he met the monster, But with what he learned he beheaded the monster, found the golden bow and arrow and brought it home Ly Thong saw this and tricked Thach Sanh to return to his old house and bring the monster's head to the king to receive the reward Then the princess was taken away by an eagle Thach Sanh accidentally saw it and shot an arrow to kill the eagle, saving the princess But Ly Thong came again, tricked Thach Sanh to bring back the princess, but since then she could no longer speak Rescuing the princess, Ly Thong locked Thach Sanh and brought the princess back with the desire to become a prince Thach Sanh then continued to save the son of King Thuy Te and he was given a magic lute, then he returned home and continued his life as usual Until one day he was harmed, taken to court, he played the lute and the sound was transmitted to the princess, she suddenly could speak So he met the king and told him what had happened Finally, Ly Thong was cut to death and Thach Sanh became a prince Suddenly one day the country was invaded, Thach Sanh just played the lute but the enemy soldiers didn't want to invade anymore In the end, he was abdicated by the king and became King A: The different between primary epics and secondary epics is: - Famous primary epics: + Beowulf o Gilgamesh (about 3000, BCE) from Summer (In modern day Iraq) + The lliad and the Odyssey (around 1000 BCE) by the legendary poet - Famous secondary epics: (from later historical period) Their poets wrote them down as they composed them + The Aeneid- a Vrtil Latin poem (about 30-19 BCE) It is about how Aeneas escaped trom Troy, and after many dangerous adventures, found Lavinium, the parent town of Rome B: reasons why Beowulf is famous is the oldest epic written in English It is set in Scandinavia,which is mostly a mixture of German myths and legends Talk about loyalty to chiefs & tribes & revenge on enemies A few historical references in Beounlf are from the sixth century Because like other early poetry, Beowulf was first told orally and passed on from poet to poet over a long time before finally being written down The 1st written version was a manuscript from about 1000 The author of Beowulf is anonymous (by just one person) The event are set in Scandinavia, a mostly mixture of Germany myth & legand The main values found in the poem is loyalty to chief & tribe & revenge on enemies (sdme comments from Christian points of view) o Main (Germanic & Old English) & kennings The most impotant element of style is a very "poetic" style, very diff from every day lang., (repetition, elaborate, greetings & long speeches) The manuscript now is in British Museum now C: Shakespeare formal education was scholars surmise that he most likely attended the King's New School, in Stratford, which taught reading, writing and the classics After 1592, he was a shareholder, & a stage director in one of London's most popular acting companies, the Lord Chamberlain's Men By 1599, the company built the Globe Theatre, the most famous of Elizabethan theatre The thetre is closely connected with his life is most of Shakespeare's plays were performed at the Globe, a theatre located in London's suburb, South walk Lack of scenery could be compensated by beautiful speeches, and the brightly colorful costumes His plays divided into groups: 14 comedies, 10 histories, and 12 tragedies Theatre goers demand a variety things: action & blood, fine phrase & wit, thought & debate, subtle humour & boisterous clowning, love, song, & dance Shakespeare met all of the demands He compensated the lack of scenery by soliloquies & asides are other communicated with his audience when he was on conventions Today, his plays are highly popular and constantly studied and reinterpreted in performances with diverse cultural and political contexts The genius of Shakespeare's characters and plots are that they present real human beings in a wide range of emotions and conflicts that transcend their origins in Elizabethan England - Reflection 4: I'm Jane Eyre, a girl with an unlucky childhood I lost both my father and mother to typhus when I was 10 years old, then I lived with my aunt Reed, who was my mother's sister-in-law From here my miserable life began, living here I have only one ally, the nanny, the rest they all hate me I was then sent to Lowood School, a school for poor orphan girls Here we lacked everything, old food, clothes were not warm enough After a few years as a student, then as a teacher in Lowood, I also came of age I mustered all my courage and confidence to leave I worked as a tutor at Thornfield Hall, where I met Edward Rochester Here I take care of Adèle, the daughter of a French dancer she is also Edward Rochester's mistress and I also befriend the kind housekeeper Alice Fairfax At that time, I fell in love with Rochester, he accepted my feelings and proposed to me But finally on the day of the wedding I found out that he was married, his wife was locked upstairs because of dementia and went insane, her presence explained the strange noises that I heard Believing that he had been deceived in this marriage, Rochester thought he loved me and asked me to join him in France to live as husband and wife, but I refused and ran away After many days of wandering, I was helped by Pastor John, here for a while I fell in love with John whom I later found out to be my cousin, he was a very serious man and cold He offered me the job and then offered to marry me, but had to join as a missionary in India and as his wife, not a cousin As I was at a loss of what to do, I received a call from Rochester and I returned to Thornield, where I found out that the castle was on fire, that Rochester's mad wife had caused it and committed suicide Because of saving my wife, Rochester was blind, the day of reunion I was extremely sad and felt sorry for Rochester We reunited and got married, after a while he regained his sight and we gave birth to a son TIMELINE: Elizabeth & Maria both died in 1825 Charlotte fell in love with Monsieur Heger in 1842 Charlotte died in March 1855 Charlotte was born in Yorkshire, England on April 21, 1816 7 Villette was published in 1853 Charlotte & Emily went to Brussels to study language in the Pension of Heger - 1842 She went Jane Eyre was published in 1824 Jane Eyre was published in 1847 Charlotte married Mr Nicholls, a curate, in 1854 CHILDHOOD: Why did Jane Eyre live with Mrs Reed? → Because her parents were dead What were the names of Jane's cousins? → John, Rliza and Georgiana Why was Jane unhappy? → Because Mrs Reed and her children were cruel to her What did John Reed to Jane? → He hit her Why was Jane so frightened in the Red Room? → It was cold and dark The doctor asked Jane two questions What were they ? → Are you sad ? Would you like to go to school ? Question for your comprehension: A clergy man named Patrick Bronte were Charlotte Bronte's parents All of the children loved reading, & created a magic world of their own based on the stories they had read A boarding school at Cowan Bridge Her experience of love with Monsieur Heger, but being refused As people did not respect women writers at that time Charlotte Bronte died in March 1855 at the age of 39 Imagine you were Jane Eyre Put the story in order to tell your classmates about the life at school: I started my journey to Lowood School in January It was dark when I arrived at the school A teacher took me into a wide, long room which was full of girls After supper, I went up to bed with the other girls It was very early when I woke up next morning Miss Temple, the head teacher, came irtio see us at twelve o'clock After we had eaten our lunch, we went into the garden One girl was reading a book I decided to try to be friendly with her This girl was called Helen Burns 10 I did not like the teachers They seemed to be very strict and unfriendly 11 O In the spring of that year, many of the girls became ill 12 I stayed with Helen through the night to comfort her, and in the morning I found that she had died The wedding: Someone tore Jane's veil He said that he would buy her a new dress Mr Mason Because he was already married Mr Mason's sister Answer the questions: A A B B C D D B D B - Reflection 5: Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in South West England into an ordinary civil servant family His first love was Maria Bidnell, a girl from a wealthy family, but her family forbade them, so they soon broke up The interesting facts about Dickens is that Charles Dickens was politely described as "eccentric," but today the medical community suspects he has an obsessive disorder He has a habit of always touching objects three times, believing that it is bad luck to touch them only once, twice before using them, and 100 times a day at best Oliver Twist and Great Expectations are two novels that help the genius writer assert his great position in the English literature In Oliver Twist, Charles Dickens takes British history as the main backdrop, he exposes the darkness behind the glossy, flashy appearance of the upper class and the painful truths about the abuse and exploitation of power, child labor at that time In the book Great Expectations, the novel is simply a self-worth journey of the main character, the boy Pip Since 1836, the writer has been married to Katherine Hogarth The couple has eight children From the side their marriage seemed happy, but Dickens was upset by ridiculous quarrels with his wife, worried about painful children In 1857, he fell in love with the actress Ellen Ternan, whom he met until his death Of course, it was a secret relationship, contemporaries called Ellen "the invisible woman" Among his works I feel most like Great Expectations Throughout the novel, I am so impressed with the character Pip, Pip realizes that his "great expectations" - social status and wealth - are less important than loyalty and compassion , the boy Pip is always learning and improving himself Pip boy understands more than anyone what he needs to do, he has cognitive changes, sees what is good for himself and always aspires to be able to achieve them Besides, another character that I also love very much is the prisoner Magwitch - the embodiment of crime, for evil, is Pip's panic every time he meets him But it was the man of the old prisoner Magwitch that always contained a deep love, he was the factor that influenced Pip until later Answer the question: From whom did Franklin get the whistle? → C Another boy Which rhetorical device is most evident in the sentence beginning on line? → C connotative language From the context, what does the word folly in line mean? → C a mistake From the context, what does the word reflection in line mean? → C possibility thought The word whistle, in line 11, is an example of which rhetorical device? 10 13.Why does Huck not go on the picnic? → Because he has not been invited 14 What happens when Tom and Joe learn to smoke? → They get sick 15 Who decides to have McDougal’s Cave bolted shut? → Judge Thatcher 16 What will become of the treasure Huck and Tom find? → It will be invested for the boys 17 Who is the only person to hug Huck when the three boys return for the funeral? → Aunt Polly 18 Who adopts Huck Finn at the end of the novel? → The Widow Douglas 19 Whom does Tom encounter in the cave? → Injun Joe 20 What keeps Injun Joe from finding Tom and Huck hidden upstairs in the haunted house? → The staircase begins to crumble 21 Why does Injun Joe want revenge on the Widow Douglas? → Because her husband once punished and humiliated him 22 Whom does Tom suspect of spilling ink on his spelling book? → Himself 23 What is Huck most afraid of when he and Tom return to the cave to find the treasure? → Injun Joe’s ghost 24 Who doesn’t believe Tom’s claim that he dreamed about things that occurred at home while he was pirating on Jackson’s Island? → Sid 25 What does Tom find behind door No at the Temperance Tavern? 23 → Whiskey and Injun Joe - Reflection 10: Maureen Daly was born March 15, 1921 in County Tyrone, Ireland to Joseph Desmond Daly and his wife Margaret Kelly Daly She was the third daughter born to the Dalys, who already had daughters Marguerite, known as Maggie, and Kathleen, or Kay The family emigrated to the United States in 1921, and settled in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin Maureen Daly became a naturalized American citizen Daly began to write shile in high school; her teacher urged her to join the staff of the school newspaper She entered a short story that she had written, "Fifteen," in Scholastic magazine's short story contest She was one of the four "Daly sisters" whose successful careers in media, fashion and business were covered by national magazines during the 1940s and 1950s She co-wrote some books with her husband, mystery and crime author William P McGivern In the 1980s and early 1990s, she wrote two more young adult novels dealing with themes of romance Dame Helen Daly's first novel Seventeenth Summer was published in 1942 when she was just 17 years old It became a bestseller, remaining continuously in print for over six decades and selling over one million copies by the time of her death in 2006 It received a Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1969 and was nominated for a National Book Award in 1973 Daly wrote the young adult novel Acts of Love (1986), basing the protagonist, Retta Caldwell, on her daughter Megan and the plot on events that had happened to Megan as a teenager She published a sequel, First a Dream, in 1990 Daly's sisters, as well as herself, all became known for their work in journalism, fashion, and advertising When Daly married mystery and crime thriller writer William P "Bill" McGivern in 1946; he died of cancer in 1982 The couple had two children, Megan McGivern Shaw (1948–1983) and Patrick McGivern (1952–2012) Daly died at age 85 on September 25, 2006 in Palm Desert, California, of non-Hodgkin lymphoma Maureen Daly's "Sixteen" conveys the message that in affairs of the heart it is best to use your head The main character says, My heart still prays but my mind laughs Finally, mind wins! The message is 24 an age old one that many young people learn over and over as they grow to use reason when dealing with love Questions for comprehension: Where is Maureen Daly hometown? → D Ireland When was the Daly born? → B 1921 In which year did Sixteen won the first prize? → A 1938 Questions for comprehesion: Did the boy in the story call the girl? → B No Why did the girl know that the boy would never call her? → Because he said he would call her, but that was last Thursday And then he was gone, completely gone She shivered Somehow the darkness seemed changed The stars were hard little lights up in the sky and the moon had a sharp yellow glare The air was suddenly cold and the wind wiped out his footsteps Everything was quiet For days after that everything was quiet and she understood that he wouldn't call her Read and think: Q: From “Sixteen” by Maureen Daly in the passage above, what effect does the narrator's insistence that she is experienced actually have on the reader? → A It is make the reader understand that the narrator has a great deaf of life experience Q: What the main conclusion the reader can make from this excerpt? → C The narrator maintains her popularity based on what she wears Questions for analysis: 25 How would you describe the character of the narrator in Daly’s short story “Sixteen”? → In Maureen Daly's short story "Sixteen" the narrator is clearly trying to prove to the reader that she is smart and popular A very clear example of this occurs at the beginning of the story when the narrator is describing herself Daly writes, "I mean, I want you to understand from the beginning that I'm not really so dumb I know what a girl should and what she shouldn't I get around." When she says, "I want you to understand," she is clearly directing the statement at us, the reader As she goes on to say that she is not really that dumb, her message clearly becomes an attempt to convince us that she is smart Finally, when she says, "I get around," it appears as though she is trying to tell the reader that she is popular Combining what has just been learned from the narrator's statements, She is trying to prove to someone her ethos: that she is smart enough and popular enough to be telling us a story about a boy In the story “Sixteen”, what you think is the main message Maureen Daly is trying to communicate? → In the story "Sixteen", the main message Maureen Daly tries to communicate is that life isn't a fairy tale The young female narrator has to accept the reality that the popular boy she was ice skating with is never going to call her What you think the main message the author is trying to communicate in the story “Sixteen”? How does the author’s word choice or use of language affect this theme? → The main message of the story is that infatuation doesn't always equal true love We can all sympathize with the girl in the story who is flattered by the young man's attention The words the author choses are those that resemble the speech of a teenager This allows us to sympathize with the girl by making it easier to imagine the types of thoughts she is having The author also uses some rhetorical devices such as anaphoras (the repetition of words at the beginning of neighbouring clauses), similes and metaphors These use of words contributes to the theme of confusion and pain that comes from confusing superficial flirting with serious attraction 26 II: Powerpoint Presentation: (Group 9) BRITISH AND AMERICAN ITERAT RE 27 a te S a : Y an S Writer 1835 191 An adventurer and wily intellectual, Mark Twain wrote the classic American novels 'The Adventures of Tom Sawyer' and 'Adventures of Huckleberry inn Synopsis Born on November , 1835, in lorida, Missouri, Samuel Clemens wrote under the pen name Mark Twain and went on to author several novels, including two major classics of American literature: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry inn He was also a riverboat pilot, journalist, lecturer, entrepreneur and inventor Twain died on April 21, 191 , in Redding, Connecticut 28 Early ife: Writing grand tales about Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry inn and the mighty Mississippi River, Mark Twain explored the American soul with wit, buoyancy, and a sharp eye for truth He became nothing less than a national treasure Samuel anghorne Clemens, better known by his pen name, Mark Twain, was born on November , 1835, in the tiny village of lorida, Missouri, the sixth child of John and Jane Clemens When he was years old, his family moved to nearby Hannibal, a bustling town of 1, people John Clemens worked as a storekeeper, lawyer, judge and land speculator, dreaming of wealth but never achieving it, sometimes finding it hard to feed his family He was an unsmiling fellow according to one legend, young Sam never saw him laugh His mother, by contrast, was a fun loving, tenderhearted homemaker who whiled away many a winter's night for her family by telling stories She became head of the household in 184 when John died unexpectedly The Clemens family "now became almost destitute," wrote biographer Everett Emerson, and was forced into years of economic struggle a fact that would shape the career of Mark Twain Sam Clemens lived in Hannibal, Mississippi, from age to age The town was a splendid place to grow up, but violence was commonplace When Sam was years old, he saw a local man murder a cattle rancher At he watched a slave die after a white overseer struck him with an iron bar ife in Hannibal: Hannibal inspired several of Mark Twain's fictional locales, including "St etersburg" in Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry inn These imaginary river towns are complex places: sunlit and exuberant on the one hand, but also vipers' nests of cruelty, poverty, drunkenness, loneliness and life crushing boredom all parts of Sam Clemens's boyhood experience Sam kept up his schooling until he was about 12 years old, when with his father dead and the family needing a source of income he found employment as an apprentice printer at the Hannibal Courier, which paid him with a meager ration of food In 1851, at 15, he got a job as a printer and occasional writer and editor at the Hannibal Western nion, a little newspaper owned by his brother, rion Then, in 185 , 21 year old Clemens fulfilled a dream: He began learning the art of piloting a steamboat on the Mississippi However, his service was cut short in 18 by the outbreak of the Civil War, which halted most civilian traffic on the river As the war began, the people of Missouri angrily split between support for the nion and the Confederacy Clemens opted for the latter, joining the Confederate Army in June 18 but serving for only a couple of weeks until his volunteer unit disbanded Where, he wondered then, would he find his future? What venue would bring him both excitement and cash? His answer: the great American West 29 Heading ut West: In July 18 1, Twain climbed on board a stagecoach and headed for Nevada and California, where he would live for the next five years At first, he prospected for silver and gold, convinced that he would become the savior of his struggling family and the sharpest dressed man in Virginia City and San rancisco But nothing panned out, and by the middle of 18 2, he was flat broke and in need of a regular job Twain became one of the best known storytellers in the West He honed a distinctive narrative style friendly, funny, irreverent, often satirical and always eager to deflate the pretentious He got a big break in 18 5, when one of his tales about life in a mining camp, "Jim Smiley and His Jumping rog," was printed in newspapers and maga ines around the country the story later appeared under various titles His next step up the ladder of success came in 18 , when he took a five month sea cruise in the Mediterranean, writing humorously about the sights for American newspapers with an eye toward getting a book out of the trip And so it came to pass that in 18 The Innocents Abroad was published, and it became a bestseller At 34, this handsome, red haired, affable, canny, egocentric and ambitious journalist and traveler had become one of the most popular and famous writers in America Marriage to livia angdon: In ebruary 18 , he improved his social status by marrying 24 year old livia ivy angdon, the daughter of a rich New ork coal merchant Writing to a friend shortly after his wedding, Twain could not believe his good luck: "I have the only sweetheart I have ever loved she is the best girl, and the sweetest, and gentlest, and the daintiest, and she is the most perfect gem of womankind 30 Answer the uestion Besides writing, what other jobs does Mark Twain do? Why did Mark Twain marry livia ivy angdon? Tell me about the great achievements that Mark Twain achieved between 18 and 18 9? The answer He is also a riverboat pilot, journalist, lecturer, entrepreneur and inventor Because he wanted to improve his social status, he married the daughter of a rich New ork coal merchant He had his big break in 18 5, when one of his stories about life in a mining camp was printed The next step he took to success was that in 18 he went on a five month cruise in the Mediterranean In 18 9, The Innocents Abroad was published, and it became a bestseller 31 u e e nn: "All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry inn," Ernest Hemingway wrote in 1935, giving short shrift to Herman Melville and others but making an interesting point Hemingway's comment refers specifically to the collo uial language of Twain's masterpiece, as for perhaps the first time in America, the vivid, raw, not so respectable voice of the common folk was used to create great literature In the meantime, he pursued respectability with the 1881 publication of The rince and the auper, a charming novel endorsed with enthusiasm by his genteel family and friends In 1883 he put out ife on the Mississippi, an interesting but safe travel book When Huck inn finally was published in 1884, ivy Clemens gave it a chilly reception In 1885, he triumphed as a book publisher by issuing the bestselling memoirs of former resident lysses S rant, who had just died He never achieved the success he expected His publishing house eventually went bankrupt L : Twain's financial failings, reminiscent in some ways of his father's, had serious conse uences for his state of mind In 1889, Twain published A Connecticut ankee in King Arthur's Court, a sciencefiction historical novel about ancient England His next major work, in 1894, was The Tragedy of udd'nhead Wilson, a somber novel that some observers described as "bitter." He also wrote short stories, essays and several other books, including a study of Joan of Arc Some of these later works have enduring merit, and his unfinished work The Chronicle of oung Satan has fervent admirers today Mark Twain's last 15 years were filled with public honors, including degrees from xford and ale robably the most famous American of the late 19th century, he was much photographed and applauded wherever he went Indeed, he was one of the most prominent celebrities in the world, traveling widely overseas, including a successful 'round the world lecture tour in 1895 '9 , undertaken to pay off his debts 32 e na St u e : But while those years were gilded with awards, they also brought him much anguish Early in their marriage, he and ivy had lost their toddler son, angdon, to diphtheria in 189 , his favorite daughter, Susy, died at the age of 24 of spinal meningitis The loss broke his heart, and adding to his grief, he was out of the country when it happened His youngest daughter, Jean, was diagnosed with severe epilepsy In 19 9, when she was 29 years old, Jean died of a heart attack or many years, Twain's relationship with middle daughter Clara was distant and full of uarrels In June 19 4, while Twain traveled, ivy died after a long illness Twain became somewhat bitter in his later years, even while projecting an amiable persona to his public In private he demonstrated a stunning insensitivity to friends and loved ones "Much of the last decade of his life, he lived in hell," wrote Hamlin Hill He wrote a fair amount but was unable to finish most of his projects His memory faltered He had volcanic rages and nasty bouts of paranoia, and he experienced many periods of depressed indolence, which he tried to assuage by smoking cigars, reading in bed and playing endless hours of billiards and cards Samuel Clemens died on April 21, 191 , at the age of 4, at his country home in Redding, Connecticut He was buried in Elmira, New ork ue t n : at ea a t e t u u t u a un e en e ed a n e e ed an unde t nn e aduate de ee t at d d t e dau nne t ut Yan ee n te named Su de 33 m am u n n e : rinted 1889 xford and ale Su y ie at the age of 24 of spinal meningitis S S 34 Y L L : Big Ideas 185 188 RESISTANCE T S AVER The culture of African American was shaped by there struggle against Spiritual slave narratives testified the harshness of slavery American s fierce resistance to it S AVER Divided Nation During the Civil War, the Americans created a literary record that ranged from vivid account of war time life to profound expressions of faith in American ideals oetic Revolution oets Whitman Emily Dickson experimented with new verse forms during this period In divergent way, they exploded the self and its relation to the world S Y: The novel opens with Aunt olly searching for Tom Sawyer, the young protagonist of the novel who, along with his younger brother Sidney, was sent to live in St etersburg, Missouri, after his mother's death After hearing no answer to her calls, olly finds Tom eating out of the jam closet Tom escapes Aunt olly's beating by diverting her attention, leading olly into a tirade against Tom's irreverent ways During dinner, Aunt olly tries to trick Tom into admitting that he played hooky from school that day to go swimming But Tom, aware of Aunt olly's motives, has sewn his shirt collar back in place after his afternoon swim Aunt olly apologi es to Tom for her suspicions, until Sidney notorious for being "the Model Boy of the village" points out that Tom's shirt is sewn together with black thread instead of the white thread that Aunt olly had used that morning Before she can punish him, Tom darts out the door and runs away from the house n the street, Tom runs into a well dressed boy with a "citified air about him that ate into Tom's vitals." After a verbal fight, Tom and the nameless boy begin to throw fists at each other until Tom is finally victorious Tom returns home late in the evening by climbing through the window but Aunt olly catches him in the act 35 LYS S: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is considered one of the greatest works of American literature partly because it reflects so perfectly the culture of mid18 s America In a period where thoughts of gold and silver drove men West and industriali ation had not yet begun, Twain was able to describe small town life in detail St etersburg is portrayed as a small, tight knit community on the riverfront where the frontier culture and the classic Southern tradition meet At the start of the novel, the reader is immediately introduced to the core characters The character portraits that are unfolded in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer are extensive and intricate, a uality that makes this piece a distinct work of Mark Twain In the first chapter, Aunt olly is introduced as a religious, pious, and stubborn mannered lady Tom's first impression leaves the reader thinking he is mischievous, la y, and irresponsible But as the story unfolds, Twain develops both Aunt olly and Tom into multi dimensional characters whose emotions and actions are somewhat unpredictable The reader, then, must discern between the superficial and the meaningful portrayals of each character S 1.The purpose of this chapter is to tell that? 2.Where did Tom hide from his Aunt? 3.Why are you able to figure out that Tom's collar was sewn with a different colored ? 36 S 1.Tom always got into trouble In the closet Because he sewed it himself 37 ... really like Rip Van Winkle, this is also the name of the main character, Rip Van Winkle is a kind but lazy farmer, so he is afraid of being scolded by his wife Rip accepts their drink invitation and. .. America culture today? An idealistic literary and philosophical movement Which of the writers of this period reflect the positive side of Romanticism? Which reflect its dark side? - Romantic' writer:... the basis of this passage, what is the overall tone of this piece? → A Aphoristic 14 Which of the following best describes the author's purpose? → A to explain 15 What is the main idea of this passage?