UNIT 6 GRAMMAR 1 Write sentences with “to infinitive” using the cues 1 What you hope do next summer? What do you hope to do next summer? 2 He’s buying car go to work in He is buying a car to go to work in 3 get fit have healthy life Get fit to have a healthy life 4 It be hard get a good job It is hard to get a good job 5 It be nice work your office? Is it nice to work in your office? 2 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs Good morning everyone and t.
UNIT GRAMMAR Write sentences with “to- infinitive” using the cues What / you / hope / / next summer? What you hope to next summer? He’s buying / car / go to work in He is buying a car to go to work in get fit / have / healthy life Get fit to have a healthy life It/ be / hard / get / a good job It is hard to get a good job It / be / nice / work / your office? Is it nice to work in your office? Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs Good morning everyone and thank you for (come) coming today Do you dislike (look) looking for new words in a thick, heavy dictionary? Can you imagine (have) having instant access to the world’s biggest dictionary in every language? Well, today I want (present) to present the latest in electronic dictionaries, the XtraLingo It’s so simple that anyone can (use) use it First of all, you need (press) to press the ON button Then you begin by (type) typing in a word in English and the machine will automatically (give) give you the translation in any language And don’t worry about (it around because the XtraLingo is the size of a mobile phone carry) carrying Choose the correct option to complete sentences Did Mrs Smith cancel her order? I don’t know I’ll check/ I’m checking in just a minute Will you cook dinner tonight or you want me to it? No, I’ll do/ I am doing it In about half an hour, we will need/ are needing to call a taxi That case looks a bit heavy I’ll help/ I’m helping you with it In the future, when I’m rich and famous, I am building/ I’m going to build an enormous house Complete the sentences with the correct future form (a-c) I………… Argentina and Brazil next carnival A will visit B am going to visit C am visiting She ………… what to say when he comes A will decide B is going to decide C is deciding We ………… the meeting in Room in five minutes A will start B are going to start C are starting If you haven’t got any sugar left I…… …… some for you A will get B am going to get C am getting My colleagues ………… in America in January A will study B are going to study C are studying Rewrite the sentences Replace the expression in bold with an expression with get We are meeting a lot of old friends We are………………….… with a lot of old friends Getting together I can’t stay I have to return home by I can’t stay I have to……………… home by Get back Lizzie and Jason had their wedding last Saturday Lizzie and Jason……………… last Saturday Got married I usually sleep until every morning I usually ……….……… at every morning Get up We have to arrive at the station by We have to…… ……… the station by Get to VOCABULARY Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrases in the box start a family go to university get engaged get a driving license leave home take a career break get married start my career I……………………… when I was 18 and moved to London I had to ………………….……… as I needed to drive for my job I……………………….… young – I got my first job at 18 I met Anna and we………………… …… after a few weeks Then we …………………… and had a big celebration We soon ………………… …… and had three children I never……………… ……… but I have a lot of experience One day, I’d like to………………………… and travel the world Left home get a driving licence started my career got engaged got married started a family went to university take a career break Complete the sentences with these words teenagers pensioner middle aged child young adults infant Mary retired last year and enjoys life as a ………… Students at university are ………… Susan and John visited us with their little………… son Children of eleven are like………… now! He’s very tall, but at eight he is still a ………… ………… people have a much more active life now than 100 years ago pensioner young adults infant teenagers child middle aged Tick (√ ) the words which are connected with carnival traveler 7—human — fireworks 8—warrior — client 9— mask 4— celebration 10—sheep 5— border 11 — costume 6—float 12— drums Complete the sentence with a synonym of the words in brackets Prague is a beautiful city (old) historic This cake is _ Can I have another piece, please? (good) Delicious/ tasty The book was very and I didn't want to finish it (boring) dull When I first left home I was because I didn't know anyone and I missed my family (sad) Moody/ unhappy I need to get a _ suit to wear when I start my new job (nice) Beautiful/ smart I have to wear dark suits for work so I want to get some _ clothes for my holiday next month (nice) colorful My grandparents live in a small house in the middle of a/an forest (very big) Enormous/ huge The woman in that painting has a face (very nice) beautiful That was the worst food I've ever had In fact it was (really bad) disgusting FUNCTIONS a Complete the conversation with suitable phrases Pete:……………………… to come to my leaving party? Would you like Jane: Yes, I’d……………………… What time……………………… ? Love to - does it start Pete: At six o’clock Jane: Oh, ……………………… then I have a work meeting I can’t come/ I’m busy Pete: Well, how ……………………… later? At nine o’clock About (coming) Jane: Yes, OK I can come then 8.b Complete the conversations Choose the correct letter A, B or C Let’s go somewhere this evening! A Ok Why not? B What a pity! C It doesn’t matter Why not come to the pool with me? A I haven’t got one B Twenty minutes ago C That’s a good idea It’s time for lunch A Oh good! B One hour C Twelve o’clock Mike’s booked the restaurant A How does it open? B For eight of us? C Has he filled it in? LISTENING Listen to two conversations For each question choose the best answer A, B, or C You will hear the conversations twice Conversation 1 Why can Abdullah relax today? A Because he just finished his courses B Because he just went sightseeing C Because he just travelled at weekend A What event does Ian invite Abdullah to? A his sister’s wedding B a barbecue C a birthday party What occasion does Ian’s family celebrate? A It’s the celebration for girl B It’s for great people in his family C It’s for new baby of his sister Conversation What does Sally plan to tonight? A go somewhere B go out for dinner Where will they meet each other? C stay at hotel A at the restaurant downstairs B at the hotel reception C at work READING I Read the email and choose the correct option (A–C) to complete the sentences Dear Mum and Dad, I'm writing this email because I've got some important news to tell you I'm getting married! Isn't that great? It all happened last night We were having dinner in a very nice Italian restaurant when Jake suddenly became all quiet and said he had something to tell me He looked so serious that I was afraid he was going to break up with me or tell me he had a terrible illness, but then he took a little black box out of his pocket and put it in front of me I opened it and inside was an engagement ring and he just said, 'Will you marry me?' I was so excited that I didn't even stop to think about it and replied, 'Yes, of course I will, silly!' And I put the ring on my finger So there we were, engaged! Then we spent the rest of the evening making plans Can we have the wedding at your house? You've got such a big, beautiful garden that it'll be perfect We are going to wait until after my final exams in June and I thought a good day would be 10 th July That gives us eight months to plan everything It should be enough time, especially as we don't want a big traditional white wedding, just a big party with our best friends and family We're not going to start a family straight away because I need to get my career going, and I might even decide to stay on at university and a master's, but before we that, we're going to travel round the world for a year Jake can take a career break for that time; his office has already said it's OK It's so exciting! Anyway, I have to get to class now I'll phone you tomorrow Your loving daughter, Lucy Choose the best answer Lucy A goes to school B is a university student C.works in an office Jake told Lucy he A was worried about something serious B was seriously ill C wanted them to get engaged When Jake asked Lucy, she A replied immediately B didn't say anything C didn't know what to say Jake and Lucy are going to have A a big white wedding B a traditional wedding C a fun celebration After the wedding Lucy is going to A go back to university B go abroad C have a baby WRITING 10 Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the first The problem is easy to solve It’s easy to solve the problem Why don’t we bring some different drink to the party? I think we should bring some different drinks to the party Why don't we go to the movies this weekend? How about going to the movies this weekend ? Would you like to come out for dinner tonight? Let’s come out for dinner tonight Would you like to have a barbecue on the beach? What about having a barbecue on the beach ? 11 Complete the text with the phrases in the box delicious miserable colorful excited beautiful Yesterday I went to a festival at my children’s school The school orchestra played music and some children performed folk dances They wore………….… costumes which were very ……….…… Most of the children were very………… , but there was one little boy who was nervous and he looked………… After the music and dancing we had some ………… food It was a lovely day UNIT GRAMMAR Use the prepositions in, on and at to talk about time and place TIME PLACE • parts of the day: in the • when we mean inside something: in the morning/afternoon/evening house, in the car • weeks: in two weeks, in the • with towns, regions, countries, second week of August continents: in London, in Texas, in France, in • months: in August in Africa • years: in 2012 • common expressions: in school, in a • seasons: in the summer / in book, in the front/middle/back, in prison, in summer hospital • centuries: in the 20th century on • days: on Saturday • surfaces of objects: on the table, on the wall • dates: on 1st January • floors of a building: on the fifth floor • roads and water: on the motorway • special days: on her birthday, on • types of scheduled or public transport: on Christmas Day the bus, on the midday train at • attached objects: the note is on the fridge, a leaf on a tree • common expressions: on a farm, on a train, on the plane, on the phone, on the TV • a point in a journey: We stopped at a pub for lunch • times of the day: at 10 a.m., at • events with groups of people: at a party, midday at a meeting • these expressions: at the • addresses: at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, weekend, at Christmas, at New Washington DC Year, at night • common expressions: at home, at school, at work, at the front/back/side Complete these sentences with a preposition of time (in, on or at) We like to eat outside in the evenings In my opinion, the motor car caused the biggest change in the twentieth century I was born at 11.15 the morning in the spring we like to walk in the park and smell the flowers I’ll be with my family at New Year I’ll be with my family on New Year’s Day President Barack Obama was born in 1961 I won’t be at school on Monday Long hair was very fashionable in 1973 10 We always like to take a short holiday in April PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE Complete the sentences with the present perfect or past simple form of the verbs ……………you…………… a new job yet, Steve? (find) Mike ……………the new boss yesterday (not meet) Jane…………… just ……………for her interview.( go) 4.…………… Mr Smith…………… at 10? (leave) This new product……………as well as we expected last year (not sell) Our new agents ……………of any good ideas yet.(not think) Your business……………over the last year (grow) The sales staff……………well yesterday morning (do) Circle the correct word I haven’t seen Julie for / since 2009 Jill’s here in our office for /since three months I haven’t heard from Brown Brothers for /since weeks Have you met Peter for /since the meeting? Paul has worked here for /since many years I’ve received twenty emails for /since ten o’clock Underline the mistake in each sentence and write the correct version Have you eaten well when you were in London? …………………………………………………………………………………………… This is only the second time I sleep in a tent …………………………………………………………………………………………… I never went here before It’s really beautiful …………………………………………………………………………………………… Have you ever gone to Australia? I’d love to go …………………………………………………………………………………………… He visited so many interesting places in these last three months …………………………………………………………………………………………… Have you enjoyed the film last night? Yes, we did It was great …………………………………………………………………………………………… Is this the first time your kids visited Disneyland? …………………………………………………………………………………………… I’ve seen Paul at the swimming pool yesterday …………………………………………………………………………………………… VOCABULARY Match the words 1-6 with a-f to make jobs computer a guard security b designer fashion c assistant police d programmer electrical e officer shop f engineer Complete the sentences with these words job satisfaction recruit application position salary promotion training We offer good……training …… to help you the job well There are good opportunities for…promotion…… If we accept you for this ……position…… when will you be able to start? I enjoy my work and get great……job satisfaction………….from it My……salary……….is low – I’ve asked for a pay-rice We need to………recruit……………… two new assistants Have you sent off your job ……application……….yet? Circle the correct option It was a pleasure to make /do business with you I think you make / a mistake when you asked the boss that My father always makes / does breakfast for everyone I hope you make / well in your new job today Please don’t make / so much noise! I can’t work You must make / your homework before dinner Complete the sentences with these words cooler cabinet area lamp chair I’ll meet you in the coffee ……area…….near reception Patsy has got a great new swivel…………chair……… to sit on Please can you put these reports into the filling………cabinet………… It’s dark - switch on your desktop……lamp………………… I’m just getting a drink from the water ……cooler………………… READING I Put the sentences in order to make a conversation A Yes, we offer various training courses We'd like you to come in for a second interview next week and we will discuss the salary and working conditions then, if that suits you We'll phone you to arrange the time B I see Now, tell us some of your main strengths C And to finish with, are there any questions you'd like to ask us about the job? D E Good morning Shall I sit here? Yes, of course I'll wait for your call next week then Thank you and goodbye F Yes, I'd like to know about the salary and whether you offer any further training G Yes, of course I've just finished a course in personnel management and I think I'd be really happy working for a small company like yours Yes, that's fine First of all, can you tell us why you'd like to this job? Good morning, Miss Palmer Please have a seat H I 10 My sister was frightened / frightening of deep water When they saw the fish, they were amazed / amazing It is surprised / surprising that he hasn’t told you yet 10 Paula was too excited / exciting to speak Two people are discussing a holiday Complete their conversations with the present or past participle form of the verbs in the box amuse annoy depress embarrass interest please A: So, how was your holiday? B: Great It was so relaxing I didn’t think about work once And I was really…………… with the hotel The service was five stars A: And what were the other people like in your group? B: Everyone was really nice except for one person She was really……… because she wouldn’t stop talking But apart from her it was fine A: And did you meet anyone …………………? B: Well, there was one man I enjoyed talking to He was a friendly waiter at the hotel A: Really? B: He also told jokes and was very ……………… He made everyone laugh And on the last night he asked me to dance and everyone was watching us A: Were you …………………… ? B: Yes, I was! I went bright red but it was wonderful! Then I flew home the next day and it was raining I’m so …………… to be home vocabulary subject/ rules/ timetable/ qualification/ enroll/ lesson/ skills/ apply/ instructed/ schedule I’d like to ……………on an art course at the local college Answer: enroll One of the most important ………………….in the library is “no talking” Answer: rules I think you should …………….for the new job in Sales Answer: apply The examiner …………………… us to close the papers and put our pens down Answer: instructed The ……………shows that we have 20 lessons each week Answer: timetable What time does French ……………… start? Answer: lesson He has a lot of useful skills ……although he failed his exams The schedule …is impossible – we can’t the work in time! My grandmother left school without any …… qualification … 28 10 My favourite school subject was always geography VOCABULARY Match the words 1-8 with words A-H package F A sports self H B star sleeping D C seeing water A D bag sun G E lotion five B F tour sun tan E G bathing sight C H catering Circle the word a-d which means the same Place of entertainment A cellar B nightclub C subway D tunnel area of a town A district B cemetery C canal D avenue a wide street A subway B avenue C tunnel D canal an underground room A tunnel B canal C land D cellar a place of the dead A cellar B tunnel C cemetery D district you can see painting here A cemetery B gallery C subway D avenue a man-made river A pond B pool C sewer D canal Complete the sentences with one of these adjectives unforgettable unique legendary expect fascinating stunning What a holiday! It was…unforgettable…………… It is the only place like that It is …unique…………… Everybody has heard of it It is …legendary………… He knew everything He was an …expert…… guide It was very old-from an …ancient…………… civilization I was interested It was a …fascinating………….talk The view from the top was …stunning……… ancient READING Read the following passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D The Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean are one of the natural wonders of the world The Galapagos are home to many rare animals, such as giant tortoises, sea birds and dolphins.The islands first became famous in 1859 when Charles Darwin wrote about them in his book, On The Origin of Species When Darwin visited the islands, he found there a key to that great mystery of mysteries - the first appearance of new life on this earth Today the islands belong to Ecuador, and 97% of the area is a national park However, despite this protection, the park is in danger The most serious threat comes from illegal fishing, 29 which is slowly destroying marine life Every day, illegal nets trap and kill sharks, pelicans and dolphins Another threat comes from animals brought over by people who have come to live on the islands Dogs and cats eat the sea birds, and rats and pigs eat turtle eggs Although tourism is seen as a positive thing, it too has caused problems Today the Galapagos is still a wonderful place, but how long will this last? The answer lies in the attitude of everyone who can make a contribution - the Galapagos belongs to the whole world What is the main topic of the passage? A Charles Darwin, the father of biology B Ecuador and its wonderland C Wildlife in the Galapagos Islands D The Galapagos, a place to protect According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE about Charles Darwin? A He brought over new species to the islands B He himself paid a visit to the islands C He wrote about the Galapagos in his book D He found that the islands played an important part in his discoveries According to the passage, marine life on the islands is threatened by A tourism B alien animals C illegal fishing D scientific research It can be inferred from the passage that tourism has caused problems A and should be stopped B because it is seen as positive C but it is thriving D although it helps The writer's purpose in writing this passage is A raise people's awareness of wildlife issues B recommend people to come to the islands C blame Ecuador's government for the threats to wildlife D show admiration to Darwin's research on the islands FUNCTIONS Complete the indirect questions in this conversation with suitable words and phrases from the box You know tell mewondering any idea like to know Tourist: I was ……………….if you could help me Guide: Yes, I can try Tourist: I’d ……………….when the museum closes Guide: Today it closes at five o’clock Tourist: Can you ……………….if closes at five on Sunday? Guide: I’m afraid it’s closed all day on Sunday Tourist: Do ……………….if the castle is open on Sunday? Guide: Yes, it is Tourist: and you have ……………….how much it costs? Guide: Fifteen euros, sir Complete the conversations Choose the correct letter A, B or C 30 I hope Andrew will get here soon A I’m sure he will B I hope he hasn’t C He usually gets it Where will you spend the weekend? A Next week will be fine B I haven’t been anywhere C We haven’t decided yet We can’t stay very long A If you want to B It doesn’t matter C Only $32 per night I’m going to have a summer party on Saturday A Who will come? B Where to? C How often is it? LISTENING Listen to part of a radio interview about travel with Madelaine from National Geographic For each question, choose the best answer A, B or C What is Madelaine’s new job? A a tour guide B a journalist C a photographer Why does Madelaine think the tour to Galapagos so exciting? A It’s a legendary experience B It’s the most exciting part of the world C It’s the first time she has been there What independent travelers often on the tour? A They come on their own B They hardly make new friends C They get annoyed with the tour’s plan How physically fit you need to join the tour? A You should be an athlete B You should be an active person C You should be really fit On the tour you never get tired of ……… A the time B the views C the people WRITING Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the first Are there any good restaurants nearby? I was wondering if there are any good restaurants nearby? What time does the gallery open? I would like to know what time the gallery opens? Is the castle open on Sunday? Can you tell me if the castle is open on Sunday? How long does the tour last? I would like to know How long the tour lasts? 10 Circle the correct verb in the letter Dear Sir/Madam, I’m writing to enquire/tell you about your holidays to Botswana in summer 2015 I am particularly interested in the Safari First of all, I was wondering/explaining if any kind of experience is necessary for this kind of trip I have never been to Africa before, and would like to know what I need to bring with me Secondly, the brochure you sold/sent me says that there are two trips, one in July and one in August I’d like to know if there are any differences between the two, in terms of the places 31 you visit the accommodation and so on My last question is about transport I understand/hope that some parts of the journey will be in small planes and some in jeeps Can you tell me more about this, as I am rather a nervous traveller? Thank you in advance for sending me further details of the holidays I look forward to writing to/hearing from you Yours faithfully Jane Gibbs UNIT 11 GRAMMAR: USED TO Use used to to talk about He used to smoke ( Now he doesn’t smoke.) • past habitual actions (things that happened regularly in the past): I used to scream and run away The past habitual action may or may not still be true in the No longer true: I used to run away from spiders, now I keep them as pets Still true: I used to scream when I saw a spider when I was a child, and I still present • situations and states that are no longer true: I used to hate spiders but I don’t mind them now You only use used to to talk about the past You cannot use it to talk about the present Say I don’t usually any work at the weekend (don’t say I don’t use to any work at the weekend.) You can also use the past simple to talk about past habits and situations: I kept spiders as pets (I used to keep spiders as pets.) You not use used to to talk about • a specific time or action in the past: Say I got up at six this morning (don’t say I used to get up at six this morning.) • the number of times something happened in total: Say We went to the zoo three times last year (don’t say We used to go to the zoo three times last year.) • when you say how long a single action or situation lasted: Say We lived in France for three years (don’t say We used to live in France for three years.) Affirmative and negative I / You / He / used She / didn’t use to It / We / They to keep spiders like spiders Questions 32 I / you / he / she / it / we / use to they Where did Did I / you/ he / she / it / we / use to they be scared spiders? keep spiders? the of Short answers No, I / he / it / they you she we / / didn’t / Be careful with the question and negative forms: there is no -d in use to: Did you use to have pets when you were in school? (not Did you used to ?) I didn’t use to like dogs when I was younger (not I didn’t used to ) Choose the correct form When I was a kid, I used to / didn’t use to think there were monsters under my bed I never used to / didn’t use to go to sleep until my mum had looked under the bed I used to / didn’t use to like dogs Our neighbours had a big black dog that always used to / didn’t use to bark at me whenever I went near it I used to / didn’t use to cross the road to get away from it I used to / didn’t use to like visiting my great aunt She used to / didn’t use to have any toys for us to play with and she never used to / didn’t use to let us watch TV Rewrite the sentences using used to where possible My brother kept snakes when he was younger My brother used to keep snakes when he was younger ………………………………………………………………………………………………… He got his first snake when he was eight ………………………………………………………………………………………………… He kept them in a box in the garage ………………………………………………………………………………………………… He looked after them very well ………………………………………………………………………………………………… They lived there for almost six years ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Then he lost interest and he took them all to the local zoo ………………………………………………………………………………………………… He visited them there once a week ………………………………………………………………………………………………… I think he went about nine or ten times before he forgot about them ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Change the direct speech into reported speech John: “I study history.” 33 John said that He studied history Sally: “I am going to the excavation tomorrow.” Sally said That she was going to the excavation the next day Paul: “I visited the Museum of London last week.” Paul said He had visited the Museum of London the week before Judith: “I’ve been to Aztec sites several times.” Judith said That he had been to Aztec sites several times Mike: “I will get some old maps on Saturday.” Mike said He would get some old maps on Saturday Complete the sentences with the correct form of say or tell in the gaps He…………told………them he was married He………said…………that he was married What did he………say…………about the meeting? She……………me she had never been there They didn’t………… anything about the work Can you………… him how this computer works? Please…………… them how to get there Janet…………………she knew the answer Could you………………….something to the director, please? ……………her what you think of it 10 He never…………….us what he meant Say/tell Said/told She said: “I went to HN yesterday.” She said (that) she had gone to HN the day before/ the previous day She told me: “I went to HN yesterday.” She told me (that) she had gone to HN the day before/ the previous day Complete the conversation Use the words in bold and reported speech Then listen and check A: Are we going out with Peter and Nigella tonight? B: No, they said that they were going out somewhere else tonight, so they can’t meet A: Why didn’t they tell us last week that they ……………………………………… ? B: I don’t know Anyway, we’re having dinner together next Friday instead A: But you said that we ………………………… dinner with your parents next Friday B: Yes, but they’ll be on holiday A: Really? You didn’t tell me they ………………………… on holiday B: Yes, I did They’ve booked a holiday in France A: I thought they said they ………………………………… their holiday in Italy 34 B: No, they said France A: So they aren’t going to visit us before they go B: No They said they ……………………… have time to visit us VOCABULARY Match the words 1-7 with the description a-g a newspaper c a a list of food a diary e b metal money a drawing f c you need what happened in this a novel g d something to keep food in a menu a e you write future plans here coins b f a picture done in pencil a tin d g a story book Complete the sentences with these words excavated statue civilization discovery archaeologist sacrifice My father dug up a……statue… … of a woman The tribe often made a…sacrifice……….to their gods They……excavated.…… a Roman villa here last year When did they make the……discovery…….that the Aztecs lived there? The…archaeologist ……think the building is very old They say that an ancient……civilization…….built these houses Complete the sentences with the correct preposition Set up/set out/set about/set off What time are you setting……off……… on your holiday? It’s time you set……about…… clearing up your room Jane has just set …up……… a new travel company At dawn, they set……off…………….for the forest I set…about……….the job of explaining the rules Paul set………up………my new computer for me The boys set…………on the long ride I didn’t see him because he set…out…… to work very early If you don’t set…about… digging the garden soon, it will rain 10 I’ve set…up………a new online bank account READING Read the following passage and circle the correct word for each space DEATH VALLEY The hottest place on earth is Death Valley, (1) ……… is located in the Mojave Desert in California In 1913 the temperature there (2) …… to an unbelievable 56.7 0C For many years the (3) …… for the highest temperature had been held by the Mediterranean city of El Azizia (4) ……… northern Libya, where it was thought the temperature was 58 0C one day in 1922 However, in 2012 scientists decided that a mistake had been (5) …… and that the temperature hadn’t been quite this (6) ………… Death Valley got its English name in 1849, (7) …… people went there to (8) ……… for gold The Native Americans called the valley 35 ‘tumpisa’, meaning ‘rock paint’ This refers to the paint that was made (9) …… cay found in the area Despite its name, only one person is ever known to have died in Death Valley (10) ……… the gold rush of the mid-nineteenth century A where A rose A record A with A made A big A then A search A in 10 A during B which B lifted B score B at B set B strong B where B work B by B since C how C came C number C on C done C tall C when C find C from C while FUNCTION Complete the expression for giving a presentation That’s everything would like the end of let’s move D what D arrived D goal D in D had D high D since D go D for D when Let me Today, I (1)… would like to talk to you about (2) Let me start by telling you a bit about the history of… So (3) That’s everything …I wanted to say about the history Now (4) let’s move onto the next part of my presentation… That’s (5) the end of my talk To sum up… Complete the conversations Choose the correct letter A, B or C Do you remember your first day in England? A I almost forget everything B Yes, it’s the first day C No, I didn’t Did I tell you there was a great TV programme on last night? A No, what was it about? B No, I didn’t C Yes, I did We can’t stay very long A If you want to B It doesn’t matter C Only $40 per night How did you get here? A I can come on the bus B Sally brought me C Is it far from here? Let’s go to the exhibition A Do you like it? B How much are the tickets? C What happened there? LISTENING You will hear a talk with an archaeologist at the excavation site Listen and choose the best answer A, B or C Where is the talk taken place? A under the ground B in the pyramid C near the north pyramid wall Why is the discovery so important? A Because it tells a lot about the Aztecs B Because it hasn’t excavated yet C Because it is in the pyramid What did the Aztecs use to sacrifice to their gods? A the dog’s skeleton B animals C gold and jade Why did they think the dog was an important animal for the Aztecs? 36 A It wore a beautiful collar B It was from a sacrifice C It had beautiful skeleton What is the topic of the conversation? A the history of discovered objects B the argument of discovered objects C the explanation of discovered objects WRITING 10 Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the first The businessman: “Are you going to Russia on Friday?” The businessman asked if/Whether I was going to Russia on Friday? Matt said, “One day I’ll go on holiday to Rome.” Matt said…One day He would go on holiday to Rome The scientist: “Did you understand the experiment?” The scientist asked if I had understood the experiment “Where did you go last night?” she said to her boyfriend She asked her boyfriend Where he had gone the night before? 11 Complete the text with these words studied wrote joined became was born The life of John Randall My neighbor, John Randall, ………….in 1925, in Birmingham His father worked in a factory and his mother was a housewife They didn’t have much money But John went to a Grammar School and then at 18 he ……………biology at Manchester University Life was difficult, because the war had started in 1939 After university, he ………… the army for years, and asked to be sent abroad – he had not been outside Britain before He was sent to North Africa As he was interested in birds, John watched them in the desert, and made notes about them After he left the army, he ……… articles about desert birds, and became famous for his work Later, he got some interesting jobs studying birds in other parts of the world, wrote a number of books and …………a university professor And although he is old, he still goes birdwatching now UNIT 12 GRAMMAR: SECOND CONDITIONAL You use if with the past simple to talk about situations that are • possible but not probable: If I won the lottery, … (I don’t think it’s very probable that I’ll win the lottery.) • impossible: If I were you, … (but I’m not and I never will be.) You use the if-clause to describe the situation You use would/wouldn’t infinitive in the main clause to talk about the imagined reaction to, or result of, the situation: If I won the lottery, I’d buy a luxury yacht If I were you, I’d concentrate on my work You can also use if with the past simple to talk about 37 • imagined present situations: If I had a lot of money, … (the real situation is that I don’t have a lot of money.) • imagined future situations: If I got a new job next week, … (I don’t think I will get a new job.) This is often called the second conditional If clause: if past simple Main clause: would infinitive I’d (would) buy a yacht He wouldn’t (would not) get If I had a lot of money, up so early If he didn’t have to work, Would you spend all the If you won the lottery, money? Yes, I would / No, I wouldn’t The contracted form of would is ’d Do not confuse it with the contracted form of had in the past perfect Would is followed by the infinitive Had is followed by the past participle If I was or If I were? When you use the verb be with if in the simple past, you can use was or were for I, he, she and it If I were rich / If I was rich If he were my husband / If he was my husband Were is more formal You often use If I were you to give advice If I were you (If I was / were in your position.) You use would / wouldn’t for the advice If I were you, I’d get on with my work! If + S + verb (past simple) + O, S + would + verb + O Complete the second conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets If the weather…got……….(get) warmer, the sea levels…would rise………(rise) What……would…… you…do…… (do) if there…was…(be) a tornado? Which jungle……would…………he……visit………(visit), if he……had….(have) a choice? They…would meet………(meet) us in South Africa, if we……bought…… (buy) the tickets If you…asked…………(ask) her, I’m sure she……would go……(go) with you If they…left……….(leave) the area, …would……… you…travel….(travel) with them? Choose the correct options A: So, if you won / would win a million pounds on the lottery, what did / would you with it? 38 B: I don’t know I think I bought / I’d buy a house, and if my family needed / would need some money I gave / I’d give them some, of course A: Did / Would you give any money to charity? B: If I knew / I’d know the money was going to help someone have a better life, well, yes, I did / would What about you? A: If I had / I’d have a million pounds, I started / I’d start my own business I opened / I’d open an art gallery or something like that B: Nice idea If I started / I’d start a new business, I think I wanted / I’d want to run a restaurant or a bar Make sentences using will and might as indicated Will : sure She will go to the party tonight Might : not sure She might go to the party tonight (will) She/ go/ there/ next year She will go there next year (might) The weather/ get/ hotter/ by 2020 The weather might get hotter by 2020 (will not) The neighbours/ help us/ with the farm The neighbours will not help us with the farm (might not) He/ buy/ the zoo/ in the end He might not buy the zoo in the end VOCABULARY Complete the sentences with these words lightning thunderstorm tornado flood snow storm extreme Some parts of the world have…extreme… weather A…tornado… can easily destroy a house or a car If…lightning……hits a wooden building it can start a fire There is often a…snow storm……….in winter in the north If it rains too much, there might be another…flood………… My dos hates the noise when there’s a………thunderstorm… Complete the sentences with these words modern difficulties social economic resources development production industries At the moment many countries have…economic……problems A lot of traditional……industries…………are now closing down Many companies have economic……difficulties………… Natural…resources…… such a coal and gas are less than they were The climate is changing and growing……production……… is longer There is a lot of crime and other…social…………problems The factories are old They need some……modern…………ones There are plans for the……development…………….of the area Match these animals to the categories butterfly horse shark snake toad mammal reptile ………………………… ………………………… 39 amphibian fish insect ………………………… ………………………… ………………………… READING Read the email and choose the correct option (a–c) to answer the questions Hi Mum and Dad, Well I can't believe that another school year has finished I wish I could come home and see you for the summer, but I've got a job looking after two little children I had applied for a waitressing job, which was better paid than what I'm doing now, but they wanted someone with experience, which I don't have, so I didn't get it I started last week and it seems to be all right The children are nice and their mother Karen is OK, too, although I don't see very much of her because she works For my first day with the children, Karen thought it would be nice if we did something fun together, so she asked me to take them to the zoo I hadn't been to a zoo since I was a little girl, but I remember that you used to take me quite often and I loved it I don't remember though, why we stopped going Anyway, my first shock was how expensive it was It cost twenty pounds for adults and fifteen pounds fifty for each child but there was a two pound discount for students like me Of course Karen had given me the money she paid for my ticket as well The zoo was much bigger than I remembered and there was so much to see that we spent the whole day there We saw every kind of animal you can imagine Ryan, the little boy, loved the reptile house with all those disgusting snakes and Julie liked the tigers, but my favourite was the elephant house I don't know what it is about elephants, especially the babies, but I love them Maybe I should have been an explorer or a tropical vet or something It was absolutely brilliant! Maybe we should all go together again like we used to Anyway, I have to go Bye for now Why wasn't Jane working as a waitress? A She wanted something with more money B They wanted someone who had done that kind of work before C She wanted to work with children How much did it cost for Jane and the children to get into the zoo? A 49 pounds B 51 pounds C 52 pounds When she was a child, how often did Jane go to the zoo? A she never went to the zoo B Once C Regularly How much did the ticket cost? A the same as it used to B more than it used to C less than it used to Which animals does Jane not like? 40 A Snakes B Elephants C Tigers FUNCTION Complete the expression for giving a presentation a good idea isn’t a bad don’t we won’t work is that Paul: We need to raise some money for the park June: The problem (1)………………nobody will sponsor it Paul: Well, why (2)……………………ask that garden centre June: That’s (3)……………! I’ll phone them Paul: No, that (4)………….! Let’s invite them to see the park June: Hmm, that (5)…………… idea! Complete the conversations Choose the correct letter A, B or C When will lunch be ready? A Quite soon B It’s soup and toast C I hope you’re hungry Let’s meet at the cinema at half past seven A OK, I’ll see you then B The cinema is open C Yes, I will I’ve lost my glasses A Did you break it? B Have you looked for them? C How much are they? May I leave now? A When we’ve finished B Until tomorrow C I don’t agree How did the accident happen? A I can’t go there B I didn’t see it C I don’t know how to LISTENING Listen to a documentary about David Littschwager and choose the correct answer A, B or C What is David Littschwager’s job? A an artist B a photographer C a journalist What does Davis want to do? A to show the natural beauty around us B to measure how much nature there is C to show the nurture all the time Which place is too far away or too difficult for David? A nowhere B the middle of a forest C the side of a mountain What did he photograph? A green plants B everything alive C metal frame What is the result of his trip? A a new view of our world B a thousand organisms C a natural ecosystem WRITING 10 Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the first 41 I have to work tomorrow evening, so I can’t meet you If I didn’t have to work tomorrow evening, I would meet you There is a chance we won’t pass the test We might not pass the test We don’t visit you very often because you live so far away If you didn’t live so far away, we would visit you very often There isn’t anywhere else in the world as beautiful as this place This is the most beautiful place in the world Perhaps, the products of the future will be better than today’s The products of the future might be better than today’s 11 Complete the press release with these phrases Delighted to announce proud to would like to sponsor us look forward We are ………… that the popular Weston Show will take place on the weekend of 18-19 July We are …………….support Weston Hospital with profits from this exciting event We …………….invite your company to ……………….with: -quality prizes for competitors to win -help with payment of costs (equipment and electricity) Sponsors will receive: -free advertising at the show -publicity in local newspapers We hope that you will be able to support our good work, and we ……………to seeing you this summer 1Some parts of the world have extreme_ weather 2If lightning_ hits a wooden building it can start a fire 3There is often a snow storm in winter in the north 4A tornado can easily destroy a house or a car 5If it rains too much, there might be another flood 42 ... 7—human — fireworks 8—warrior — client 9— mask 4— celebration 10—sheep 5— border 11 — costume 6? ??float 12? ?? drums Complete the sentence with a synonym of the words in brackets Prague is a beautiful... to the Americas by Europeans in the 160 0s You may not want to say who or what did the action You can also say: Apples were introduced to the Americas in the 160 0s You don’t normally use by when... temperature was 58 0C one day in 1922 However, in 2 012 scientists decided that a mistake had been (5) …… and that the temperature hadn’t been quite this (6) ………… Death Valley got its English name in