Higher Nationals in Computing Unit 2 Networking ASSIGNMENT 1 Learner’s name ID Class Subject code Assessor name Assignment due Assignment submitted ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 2 Networking Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Student ID Class Assessor name Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully u.
Higher Nationals in Computing Unit 2: Networking ASSIGNMENT Learner’s name: ID: Class: Subject code: Assessor name: Assignment due: Assignment submitted: ASSIGNMENT FRONT SHEET Qualification BTEC Level HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Student ID Class Assessor name Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice Student’s signature Grading grid P1 x P2 x P x P x M x M x D1 Summative Feedback: Grade: Signature & Date: Resubmission Feedback: Assessor Signature: Date: Assignment Brief (RQF) Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Computing Student Name/ID Number: Unit Number and Title: Unit 2: Networking Academic Year: 2021 – 2022 Unit Assessor: Tam Phan Assignment Title: Networking Infrastructure Issue Date: November 17, 2021 Submission Date: Internal Verifier Name: Date: Submission Format: Format: ● The submission is in the form of an individual written report This should be written in a concise, formal business style using single spacing and font size 12 You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs and subsections as appropriate, and all work must be supported with research and referenced using the Harvard referencing system Please also provide a bibliography using the Harvard referencing system Submission ● Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the Tutor ● The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/ ● Remember to convert the word file into PDF file before the submission on CMS Note: ● The individual Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student ● If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you must reference your sources, using the Harvard style ● Make sure that you understand and follow the guidelines to avoid plagiarism Failure to comply this requirement will result in a failed assignment Unit Learning Outcomes: LO1 Examine networking principles and their protocols LO2 Explain networking devices and operations Assignment Brief and Guidance: Assignment scenario You are employed as a network engineer by Nguyen Networking Limited, a high-tech networking solution development company, which has branches in Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, Da Nang and Can Tho The company has been contracted to implement a networking project from a local educational institute The specification of the project is given below: • People: 200 students, 15 teachers, 12 marketing and administration staff, higher managers • including the academic heads and the programme managers, and computer network administrators Resources: 50 student lab computers, 35 staff computers, and printers • Building: floors, all computers and printers are on the ground floor apart from the IT labs – one lab located on the first floor and another located on the second floor Task The CEO of the company, Mr Nguyen, has asked you to investigate and explain networking principles, protocols and devices and submit a report You will need to produce a report that includes the following: • An introduction to provide an overview of your report • Benefits and constraints of different types of networks and networking standards • The impact of network topology, speed of communication and bandwidth requirements • Effectiveness of networking systems • Discussion on operating principles of networking devices and server types and networking software • Discuss the relationship of workstation hardware with networking software • Explore a range of server types and justify the selection of a server, considering a given scenario regarding cost and performance optimization • For the given specification, identify the topology protocol for the efficient utilization of a networking system Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria (Assignment 1): Learning Outcome LO1 Pass P1 Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards P2 Explain the impact of network topology, communication and bandwidth requirements LO2 P3 Discuss the operating principles of networking devices and server types P4 Discuss the inter- dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software Merit M1 Compare common networking principles and how protocols enable the effectiveness of networked systems M2 Explore a range of server types and justify the selection of a server, considering a given scenario regarding cost and performance optimisation Distinction D1 Considering a given scenario, identify the topology protocol selected for the efficient utilization of a networking system Table of Contents P1 Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards 1 Introduction to Network .1 OSI Model Types of common network 3.1 LAN .2 3.2 WAN .4 3.3 MAN .5 Network protocols 4.1 Defintion .7 4.2 Purposes of network protocols .7 4.3 Common network protocols Network standards .11 5.1 International Standards Organization 11 5.2 Standards used in network 12 P2 Explain the impact of network topology, communication and bandwidth requirements 12 Introduction to network topology .12 1.1 Defintion .12 1.2 Physical topology 12 1.3 Logical topology 13 1.4 The difference between physical topology and logical topology 13 1.5 Popular topologies 14 1.5.1 Mesh Topology 14 1.5.2 Star Topology 15 1.5.3 Bus Topology .15 1.5.4 Ring Topology 16 1.5.5 Tree Topology 17 1.5.6 Hybrid Topology 18 Network communication 18 2.1 Defintion .18 2.2 The rules in the network communication 19 Network bandwidth 21 1.1 Definition 21 1.2 Why bandwidth requirement is needed for networks 21 P3 Discuss the operating principles of networking devices and server types 22 Networking devices 22 1.1 Switches .22 1.2 Routers .23 1.3 Gateways 24 1.4 Bridges .25 1.5 Hub .26 Networking servers 27 2.1 Definition .27 2.2 Type of servers .27 P4 Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software 30 Introduction to inter -dependence networks 30 Workstation hardware 31 1.2 Examples: .32 Networking software 34 3.1 Definition 34 3.2 Examples: 35 M1 Compare common networking principles and how protocols enable the effectiveness of networked systems 36 Introduce the common networking principles 36 1.1 Circuit switching 36 1.2 Packet switching 37 1.3 Compare these two principles together 39 Protocols 40 2.1 What Does Protocol Mean? 40 2.2 Explains Protocol 41 2.3 How protocols enable the effectiveness of networked systems 41 M2 Explore a range of server types and justify the selection of a server, considering a given scenario regarding cost and performance optimisation 42 Requirement of Assignment scenario 42 Provide a logical design of the network based on user requirements 42 2.1 Lab Computer 42 2.2 Staff Computer 42 2.3 Network components 43 REFERENCES 44 ASSIGNMENT ANSWERS P1 Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards Introduction to Network A network consists of or more computers linked together to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, and communicate with each other Computers on a network can be linked via cables, phone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared rays Two common types of networks include: - Local Area Network (LAN) - Wide Area Network (WAN) There are also the following types: Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), Wireless LAN (WLAN), Wireless WAN (WWAN)) OSI Model The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a conceptual model that characterises and standardises the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to its underlying internal structure and technology Its goal is the interoperability of diverse communication systems with standard communication protocols The model partitions the flow of data in a communication system into seven abstraction layers, from the physical implementation of transmitting bits across a communications medium to the highest-level representation of data of a distributed application Each intermediate layer serves a class of functionality to the layer above it and is served by the layer below it Classes of functionality are realized in software by standardized P a g e | 10 multitasking capabilities It is optimized for processing complex data such as drawings, math formulas, simulations, Workstations are commonly used in the fields of mechanical engineering, graphics, architecture, construction, 3D filmmaking, sound processing, and image editing 1.2 Examples: • Network card • Cabling • System bus • Memory • Processor • I/O devices Networking software 3.1 Definition Networking software is a foundational element for any network It helps administrators deploy, manage, and monitor a network Traditional networks are made up of specialized hardware, such as routers and switches, that bundle the networking software into the solution Software-defined networking (SDN) separates that software from the hardware, making it easier to innovate and adapt the network to quickly meet changing network demands The separation of functions from hardware, such as firewalls or load balancing, is called network functions virtualization (NFV) 3.2 Examples: • Client software • Server software • Server operating system • operating system P a g e | 35 • Firewall 4.Interdependence of workstation hardware with networking software Diskless workstations have their operating systems in the server When workstation needs to use a network component like a printer, the server will have to communicate with that network component server has to communicate on behalf of all the diskless workstations This can lead to congestions and increase in traffic.Also, all the network computers are using the server hard disk, CPU, Memory and etc workstation (Client) hardware has to wait until server hardware provides the data it requested So the bottom line is deploying diskless workstations/ Network computers in the network will increase the Interdependence of workstation hardware Therefore it is very important to install reliable hardware and software components in the server, and implement backup techniques and redundancy techniques for the server M1 Compare common networking principles and how protocols enable the effectiveness of networked systems Introduce the common networking principles 1.1Circuit switching • Definition Circuit switching was designed specifically for voice communication and is not ideal P a g e | 49 for data transmission In circuit switching, a dedicated channel must be created between the sender and receiver before they can speak to one another • Advantages : - Decreases the delay the user experiences before and during a call - The call will be done with a steady bandwidth, dedicated channel, and consistent data rate - Packets are always delivered in the correct order • Disadvantages: - Great for only voice communication - Doesn’t use resources efficiently - Dedicated channels for circuit switching are unavailable for any other use - There is a higher cost to dedicate one channel per use 1.2Packet switching • Definition Unlike circuit switching, packet switching does not require the use of a dedicated channel Packet-based networks break down a message into smaller data packets which then look for the most efficient route available For efficiency’s sake, each data packet could go a different route The header address contains the source and destination nodes Once all of the data packets reach the correct destination, the packets are extracted and reassembled to create the sender’s original message • Advantages: - More efficient than circuit switching - Data packets are able to find the destination without the use of a dedicated channel - Reduces lost data packets because packet switching allows for resending of packets - More cost-effective since there is no need for a dedicated channel for voice or data traffic • Disadvantages: - Not ideal for applications that are in constant use, such as high volume voice calls - High-volume networks can lose data packets during high-traffic times; those data packets cannot be recovered or resent during transmission - There is a lack of security protocols for data packets during transmission 1.3 Compare these two principles together Circuit switching In circuit switching there are phases: i) Connection Establishment Packet switching In Packet switching directly data transfer takes place ii) Data Transfer iii) Connection Released In circuit switching, each data unit know In Packet switching, each data unit just the entire path address which is know the final destination address provided by the source intermediate path is decided by the routers In Circuit switching, data is processed at In Packet switching, data is processed at source system only all intermediate node including source system Delay between data units in circuit Delay between data units in packet switching is uniform switching is not uniform Resource reservation is the feature of There is no resource reservation because circuit switching because path is fixed for bandwidth is shared among users data transmission Circuit switching is more reliable Packet switching is less reliable Wastage of resources are more in Circuit Less wastage of resources as compared to Switching It is not a store and forward technique Circuit Switching It is a store and forward technique Transmission of the data is done by the Transmission of the data is done not only source by the source, but also by the intermediate routers Congestion can occur during the Congestion can occur during data connection establishment phase, transfer phase, large number of packets because there might be a case where a comes in no time request is being made for a channel but the channel is already occupied Circuit switching is not convenient for Packet switching is suitable for handling handling bilateral traffic bilateral traffic In Circuit switching, charge depend on In Packet switching, charge is based on time and distance, not on traffic in the the number of bytes and connection network time Recording of packet is never possible in Recording of packet is possible in packet circuit switching switching In Circuit Switching there is a physical In Packet Switching there is no physical path between the source and the path between the source and the destination destination Circuit Switching does not support store Packet Switching supports store and and forward transmission forward transmission Protocols 2.1 What Does Protocol Mean? A protocol is a set of rules and guidelines for communicating data Rules are defined for each step and process during communication between two or more computers Networks have to follow these rules to successfully transmit data 2.2 Explains Protocol Similar to programming languages, protocols are based on specific rules and regulations for computing and are designed for efficiency Each rule is defined in different terms and is assigned a unique name Protocols specify the standards for communication and provide detailed information on processes involved in data transmission Such processes include: Type of task Process nature Data flow rate Data type Device management A single process can be handled by more than one protocol simultaneously This coordination of protocols creates a protocol family 2.3 How protocols enable the effectiveness of networked systems Network protocols are legally guaranteed to use various system frames Having a featured and institutionalized protocol will support different frameworks working together, for example they will have the option to between operability This implies that you not have to purchase all the hardware from a merchant similar to the case a few decades ago "Lock_in" traders are currently downplayed.Open protocols allow different frames to transmit and this is a powerful agent for the strong use of system administration frameworks The OSI model layer protocol is the information interface convention that handles physical links and combines with the goal of a packet using a system interface card (NIC) The layer protocol is called the Network Protocol (IP), also known as the system layer convention, it works to direct, The datagram combination starts with one network then into the next network IP conferences continuously investigate larger datagrams and recognize each application Store with a 32-piece IP address Layer protocols are TCP and UDP Transmission control protocol (TCP builds links between the two that are on the system via attachments controlled by IP address and port number on the opposite side for a low overhead transmission administration, however with less error checking M2 Explore a range of server types and justify the selection of a server, considering a given scenario regarding cost and performance optimisation Requirement of Assignment scenario Provide a logical design of the network based on user requirements 2.1 Lab Computer Componen ts MAIN Name Price AsusPrime A320 M-K CPU AMD Ryzen 3200G RAM ADATA 8GB DDR4 /2666 SSD GIGABYTE 240GB CASE K37 THE SOURCE SCREEN Cooler Master Elite 550W MOUSE Mitsumi 61.56 $ 131.9 1$ 32.98 $ 42.18 $ 13.19 $ 43.09 $ 81.3$ $ 4.0$ KEYBOAR D Logitech K120 (920002582) ViewSonic/ DELL 19 INCH Tot al 2.2 Staff Computer 6.55$ 416.76$ Componen ts MAIN CPU Name H310 Chipset Intel Intel Core i5-10400 [Turbo 4.30 GHz] Pric e 69.91$ 210.41$ RAM 16G/DDR4/2666 31.22$ SSD Dato 240GB 33.42$ CASE Case VSP V209 led 11.87$ VGA GTX-1650 4GB [128-bit/GDDR5] 153.46$ THE SOURCE SCREEN Aerocool Plus 500W 21.99$ LCD Samsung 24 Inch 87.94$ MOUSE Mitsumi KEYBOAR D Logitech K120 (920-002582) 4.0 $ 6.5 5$ 630.77$ Tot al 2.3 Network components Device s SERVE R SWITC H ROUTE R LAB PC STAFF PC CABLE PRINTE R Total Type Dell PowerEdge R240 (Pro) TP-Link SG1008MP (8Port Gigabit + POE) Tp-link Archer Ax10 Quanti ty 11 50 35 CAT6E SFTP AMP 0786 4000m Brother DCP-L2520D Prices 2100 03 164.4 166.6 416.7 630.7 0.26 219.4 Tota l 8400.12$ 1808.51$ 499.95$ 20838$ 22076.95$ 104 0$ 658.23$ 55321.76$ D1 Considering a given scenario, identify the topology protocol selected for the efficient utilization of a networking system REFERENCES En.wikipedia.org 2021 OSI model - Wikipedia [online] Available at: < https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model > [Accessed 29 November 2021] DigitalThinkerHelp 2021 What is LAN (Local Area Network)? 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Examine networking principles and their protocols LO2 Explain networking devices and operations Assignment Brief and Guidance: Assignment scenario You are employed as a network engineer by Nguyen Networking. .. and networking standards • The impact of network topology, speed of communication and bandwidth requirements • Effectiveness of networking systems • Discussion on operating principles of networking. .. operating principles of networking devices and server types P4 Discuss the inter- dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software Merit M1 Compare common networking principles