Tài liệu MODERN TECHNOLOGY, TRANSNATIONALIZATION, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SITUATIONS potx

[...]... consolidated however and the future giants of the industry, Del M o n t e and Heinz, were already expanding their operations Similar technologies and industrial processes applied to a range of fruits and vegetables, and therefore the limits to expansion were not defined by individual product markets A t the same time perishable products demanded a close relation between rural production and industrial processing,... Conditions for production were transformed as national and world markets replaced local and regional outlets, and the Chicago meat packing plants pioneered assembly line production techniques which were to serve as the model for future Fordism By the end of the nineteenth century refrigerated shipments had fully integrated fresh meat into the world food market and, together with the earlier consolidation... however, demanded food and non-food inputs, opening the w a y a m u c h m o r e sophisticated retail infrastructure for the incorporation of chemical components involving supermarkets with cold storage and in final food production display facilities and homes with fridges Frozen meat, fish and vegetables combined original taste with ready-to-cook advantages, Principal tendencies in the and together... engineering and biotechnologies to improve, control and programme agricultural products Bernardo Sorj and John Wilkinson While increasing self-sufficiency in the industrialized countries threatens Third World export markets, the internationalization of n e w food technologies has a profound impact on internal consumption and production patterns in the Third World A t the industrial level the multinational... 1979 Impact of Transnational Corporations in Food and Beverage Processing The transnational food companies and their global strategies Marion Leopold The history of food as a stake in conflicts is as old as humanity itself T h e reason for this is simple: in order to survive, mankind must eat This means that control over the production and distribution of food constitutes a unique and fundamental source... particularly when land tenure became monetarized, is linked to the commercialization of the relations of production and to the growth of forces of production F r o m being an immediate and privileged object of relations of extortion, food was transformed into, a mere consumer product, whose production and distribution processes and, consequently, the control thereof, became obscure mechanisms and all things... almost a quarter of the national product in terms of manufactured goods, and approximately one-sixth of industrial employment and of value added (United Nations, 1981) It is therefore not a matter offindingout whether each national economy can take care of the production of manufactured foods; the question is rather w h y the multinational companies are so active in a sector in which national industries... below, these are not technological barriers and they do not apply to all types of food In other words, the multinational firms, without excluding national industries, can develop and have developed oligopolistic food markets which are in effect inaccessible to the indigenous sector H o w e v e r , over and above this consideration, it must be noted that the multinationalization of the food industry is... essential to identify them beforehand Percentage Federal Republic of Germany United States of America Netherlands Sweden Canada Belgium United Kingdom South Africa Finland France Denmark Malta Republic of Korea Philippines 17 19 21 21 22 23 23 23 25 26 28 31 52 62 F I G 1 Proportion of net income spent on food (1975-77) (After: United Nations National Accounts of Statistics and National Sources ( U S D A... the basic needs of the population Food security policies, within a national or regional framework, and with the minimal use of foreign currency, can give effective support to economic growth and industrialization Next to the argument regarding foreign currency, there are also, particularly in France, arguments regarding the security and regularity of food supplies, without which any development project . biotechnology Modern food technology: industrializing nature The transnational food companies and their global strategies Do transnational agribusiness . within a national or regional frame- work, and with the minimal use of foreign currency, can give effective support to. econ- omic growth and