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THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
Cấu trúc
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Contents
1 Gravitation and Newton's Laws
1.1 From Pythagoras to the Middle Ages
1.2 Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo
1.3 Newton and Modern Science
1.4 Newton's Laws
1.4.1 Newton's First Law
1.4.2 Newton's Second Law
1.4.3 Planetary Motion in Newton's Theory
1.4.4 Newton's Third Law
1.5 Conservation Laws
1.5.1 Conservation of Linear Momentum
1.5.2 Conservation of Angular Momentum
1.5.3 Conservation of Energy
1.6 Degrees of Freedom
1.7 Inertial and Non-inertial Systems
1.8 Rigid Bodies
1.9 The Principle of Least Action
1.10 Hamilton Equations
1.11 Complements on Gravity and Planetary Motion
1.12 Advice for Solving Problems
Literature
2 Entropy, Statistical Physics, and Information
2.1 Thermodynamic Approach
2.1.1 First Law of Thermodynamics
2.1.2 Second Law of Thermodynamics
2.1.3 Third Law of Thermodynamics
2.1.4 Thermodynamic Potentials
2.2 Statistical Approach
2.3 Entropy and Statistical Physics
2.4 Temperature and Chemical Potential
2.5 Statistical Mechanics
2.5.1 Canonical Ensemble
2.5.2 Maxwell Distribution
2.5.3 Grand Canonical Ensemble
2.6 Entropy and Information
2.7 Maxwell's Demon and Perpetuum Mobile
2.8 First Order Phase Transitions
3 Electromagnetism and Maxwell's Equations
3.1 Coulomb's Law
3.2 Electrostatic and Gravitational Fields
3.3 Conductors, Semiconductors, and Insulators
3.4 Magnetic Fields
3.5 Magnetic Flux
3.6 Maxwell's Equations
3.6.1 Gauss's Law for Electric Fields
3.6.2 Gauss's Law for Magnetism
3.6.3 Faraday's Law
3.6.4 Ampère–Maxwell Law
3.7 Lorentz Force
3.8 Fields in a Medium
3.9 Magnetic Properties
3.9.1 Diamagnetism
3.9.2 Paramagnetism
3.9.3 Ferromagnetism
3.9.4 Ferrimagnetism, Antiferromagnetism, and Magnetic Frustration
3.9.5 Spin Ices and Monopoles
3.10 Second Order Phase Transitions
3.11 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
3.12 Superconductivity
3.13 Meissner Effect: Type I and II Superconductors
3.14 Appendix of Formulas
4 Electromagnetic Waves
4.1 Waves in a Medium and in Æther
4.2 Electromagnetic Waves and Maxwell's Equations
4.2.1 Wave Propagation
4.2.2 Coherence
4.3 Generation of Electromagnetic Waves
4.3.1 Retarded Potentials
4.3.2 Mechanisms Generating Electromagnetic Waves
4.4 Wave Properties
4.4.1 Interference
4.4.2 Diffraction
4.4.3 Polarization
4.4.4 Spectral Composition
4.5 Fourier Series and Integrals
4.6 Reflection and Refraction
4.7 Dispersion of Light
4.8 Black Body Radiation
5 Special Theory of Relativity
5.1 Postulates of Special Relativity
5.2 Lorentz Transformations
5.3 Light Cone and Causality
5.4 Contraction of Lengths
5.5 Time Dilation: Proper Time
5.6 Addition of Velocities
5.7 Relativistic Four-Vectors
5.8 Electrodynamics in Relativistically Covariant Formalism
5.9 Energy and Momentum
5.10 Photons
5.11 Neutrinos
5.12 Tachyons and Superluminal Signals
5.13 The Lagrangian for a Particle in an Electromagnetic Field
6 Atoms and Quantum Theory
6.1 Motion of a Particle
6.2 Evolution of the Concept of Atom
6.3 Rutherford's Experiment
6.4 Bohr's Atom
6.5 Schrödinger's Equation
6.6 Wave Function
6.7 Operators and States in Quantum Mechanics
6.8 One-Dimensional Systems in Quantum Mechanics
6.8.1 The Infinite Potential Well
6.8.2 Quantum Harmonic Oscillator
6.8.3 Charged Particle in a Constant Magnetic Field
6.9 Emission and Absorption of Radiation
6.10 Stimulated Emission and Lasers
6.11 Tunnel Effect
6.12 Indistinguishability and Pauli's Principle
6.13 Exchange Interaction
6.14 Exchange Energy and Ferromagnetism
6.15 Distribution of Electrons in the Atom
6.16 Quantum Measurement
6.16.1 U and R Evolution Procedures
6.16.2 On Theory and Observable Quantities
6.17 Paradoxes in Quantum Mechanics
6.17.1 De Broglie's Paradox
6.17.2 Schrödinger's Cat Paradox
6.17.3 Toward the EPR Paradox
6.17.4 A Hidden Variable Model and Bell's Theorem
6.17.5 Bell Inequality and Conventional Quantum Mechanics
6.17.6 EPR Paradox: Quantum Mechanics Versus Special Relativity
6.18 Quantum Computation and Teleportation
6.19 Classical vs. Quantum Logic
7 Quantum Electrodynamics
7.1 Dirac Equation
7.1.1 The Spin of the Electron
7.1.2 Hydrogen Atom in Dirac's Theory
7.1.3 Hole Theory and Positrons
7.2 Intermezzo: Natural Units and the Metric Used in Particle Physics
7.3 Quantized Fields and Particles
7.4 Quantum Electrodynamics (QED)
7.4.1 Unitarity in Quantum Electrodynamics
7.4.2 Feynman Diagrams
7.4.3 Virtual Particles
7.4.4 Compton Scattering
7.4.5 Electron Self-energy and Vacuum Polarization
7.4.6 Renormalization and Running Coupling Constant
7.5 Quantum Vacuum and Casimir Effect
7.6 Principle of Gauge Invariance
7.7 CPT Symmetry
7.8 Grassmann Variables
8 Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein Statistics
8.1 Fermi–Dirac Statistics
8.2 Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein Distributions
8.3 The Ideal Electron Gas
8.4 Heat Capacity of Metals
8.5 Metals, Semiconductors, and Insulators
8.6 Electrons and Holes
8.7 Applications of the Fermi–Dirac Statistics
8.7.1 Quantum Hall Effect
8.7.2 Graphene
8.8 Bose–Einstein Statistics
8.9 Einstein–Debye Theory of Heat Capacity
8.10 Bose–Einstein Condensation
8.11 Quantum Coherence
8.12 Nonrelativistic Quantum Gases
9 Four Fundamental Forces
9.1 Gravity and Electromagnetism
9.2 Atomic Nuclei and Nuclear Phenomena
9.3 Strong Interactions
9.4 Weak Interactions
9.5 Parity Non-Conservation in Beta Decay
9.6 Violation of CP and T Invariance
9.7 Some Significant Numbers
9.8 Death of Stars
9.9 Neutron Stars and Pulsars
10 General Relativity and Cosmology
10.1 Principle of Equivalence and General Relativity
10.2 Gravitational Field and Geometry
10.3 Affine Connection and Metric Tensor
10.4 Gravitational Field Equations
10.5 Cosmology
10.6 Gravitational Radius and Collapse
10.6.1 Wormholes
10.6.2 Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and Accelerated Expansion
10.7 Gravitation and Quantum Effects
10.8 Cosmic Numbers
11 Unification of the Forces of Nature
11.1 Theory of Weak Interactions
11.2 Yang–Mills Fields
11.3 Nambu–Goldstone Theorem
11.4 Brout–Englert–Higgs Mechanism
11.5 Glashow–Salam–Weinberg Model
11.6 Electroweak Phase Transition
11.7 Hadrons and Quarks
11.8 Neutrino Oscillations and Masses
11.9 Quantum Chromodynamics
11.10 Grand Unification
11.11 Inflation
11.12 Supersymmetry and Superstrings
12 Physics and Life
12.1 Order and Life
12.2 Life and Fundamental Interactions
12.3 Homochirality: Biological Symmetry Breaking
12.4 Neutrinos and Beta Decay
12.5 Anthropic Principle
12.6 Search for Extraterrestrial Life
Appendix Solutions of the Problems
Solutions for Chap. 1摥映數爠eflinkchap111
Solutions for Chap. 2摥映數爠eflinkchap222
Solutions for Chap. 3摥映數爠eflinkchap333
Solutions for Chap. 4摥映數爠eflinkchap444
Solutions for Chap. 5摥映數爠eflinkchap555
Solutions for Chap. 6摥映數爠eflinkchap666
Solutions for Chap. 7摥映數爠eflinkchap777
Solutions for Chap. 8摥映數爠eflinkchap888
Solutions for Chap. 9摥映數爠eflinkchap999
Solutions for Chap. 10摥映數爠eflinkchap101010
Solutions for Chap. 11摥映數爠eflinkchap111111
Appendix Subject Index
Index
Appendix Author Index
Author Index
Nội dung
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