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Basic concepts in physics from the cosmos to quarks, 2nd edition(1)

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  • Preface to the Second Edition

  • Preface to the First Edition

  • Contents

  • 1 Gravitation and Newton's Laws

    • 1.1 From Pythagoras to the Middle Ages

    • 1.2 Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo

    • 1.3 Newton and Modern Science

    • 1.4 Newton's Laws

      • 1.4.1 Newton's First Law

      • 1.4.2 Newton's Second Law

      • 1.4.3 Planetary Motion in Newton's Theory

      • 1.4.4 Newton's Third Law

    • 1.5 Conservation Laws

      • 1.5.1 Conservation of Linear Momentum

      • 1.5.2 Conservation of Angular Momentum

      • 1.5.3 Conservation of Energy

    • 1.6 Degrees of Freedom

    • 1.7 Inertial and Non-inertial Systems

    • 1.8 Rigid Bodies

    • 1.9 The Principle of Least Action

    • 1.10 Hamilton Equations

    • 1.11 Complements on Gravity and Planetary Motion

    • 1.12 Advice for Solving Problems

    • Literature

  • 2 Entropy, Statistical Physics, and Information

    • 2.1 Thermodynamic Approach

      • 2.1.1 First Law of Thermodynamics

      • 2.1.2 Second Law of Thermodynamics

      • 2.1.3 Third Law of Thermodynamics

      • 2.1.4 Thermodynamic Potentials

    • 2.2 Statistical Approach

    • 2.3 Entropy and Statistical Physics

    • 2.4 Temperature and Chemical Potential

    • 2.5 Statistical Mechanics

      • 2.5.1 Canonical Ensemble

      • 2.5.2 Maxwell Distribution

      • 2.5.3 Grand Canonical Ensemble

    • 2.6 Entropy and Information

    • 2.7 Maxwell's Demon and Perpetuum Mobile

    • 2.8 First Order Phase Transitions

    • Literature

  • 3 Electromagnetism and Maxwell's Equations

    • 3.1 Coulomb's Law

    • 3.2 Electrostatic and Gravitational Fields

    • 3.3 Conductors, Semiconductors, and Insulators

    • 3.4 Magnetic Fields

    • 3.5 Magnetic Flux

    • 3.6 Maxwell's Equations

      • 3.6.1 Gauss's Law for Electric Fields

      • 3.6.2 Gauss's Law for Magnetism

      • 3.6.3 Faraday's Law

      • 3.6.4 Ampère–Maxwell Law

    • 3.7 Lorentz Force

    • 3.8 Fields in a Medium

    • 3.9 Magnetic Properties

      • 3.9.1 Diamagnetism

      • 3.9.2 Paramagnetism

      • 3.9.3 Ferromagnetism

      • 3.9.4 Ferrimagnetism, Antiferromagnetism, and Magnetic Frustration

      • 3.9.5 Spin Ices and Monopoles

    • 3.10 Second Order Phase Transitions

    • 3.11 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking

    • 3.12 Superconductivity

    • 3.13 Meissner Effect: Type I and II Superconductors

    • 3.14 Appendix of Formulas

    • Literature

  • 4 Electromagnetic Waves

    • 4.1 Waves in a Medium and in Æther

    • 4.2 Electromagnetic Waves and Maxwell's Equations

      • 4.2.1 Wave Propagation

      • 4.2.2 Coherence

    • 4.3 Generation of Electromagnetic Waves

      • 4.3.1 Retarded Potentials

      • 4.3.2 Mechanisms Generating Electromagnetic Waves

    • 4.4 Wave Properties

      • 4.4.1 Interference

      • 4.4.2 Diffraction

      • 4.4.3 Polarization

      • 4.4.4 Spectral Composition

    • 4.5 Fourier Series and Integrals

    • 4.6 Reflection and Refraction

    • 4.7 Dispersion of Light

    • 4.8 Black Body Radiation

    • Literature

  • 5 Special Theory of Relativity

    • 5.1 Postulates of Special Relativity

    • 5.2 Lorentz Transformations

    • 5.3 Light Cone and Causality

    • 5.4 Contraction of Lengths

    • 5.5 Time Dilation: Proper Time

    • 5.6 Addition of Velocities

    • 5.7 Relativistic Four-Vectors

    • 5.8 Electrodynamics in Relativistically Covariant Formalism

    • 5.9 Energy and Momentum

    • 5.10 Photons

    • 5.11 Neutrinos

    • 5.12 Tachyons and Superluminal Signals

    • 5.13 The Lagrangian for a Particle in an Electromagnetic Field

    • Literature

  • 6 Atoms and Quantum Theory

    • 6.1 Motion of a Particle

    • 6.2 Evolution of the Concept of Atom

    • 6.3 Rutherford's Experiment

    • 6.4 Bohr's Atom

    • 6.5 Schrödinger's Equation

    • 6.6 Wave Function

    • 6.7 Operators and States in Quantum Mechanics

    • 6.8 One-Dimensional Systems in Quantum Mechanics

      • 6.8.1 The Infinite Potential Well

      • 6.8.2 Quantum Harmonic Oscillator

      • 6.8.3 Charged Particle in a Constant Magnetic Field

    • 6.9 Emission and Absorption of Radiation

    • 6.10 Stimulated Emission and Lasers

    • 6.11 Tunnel Effect

    • 6.12 Indistinguishability and Pauli's Principle

    • 6.13 Exchange Interaction

    • 6.14 Exchange Energy and Ferromagnetism

    • 6.15 Distribution of Electrons in the Atom

    • 6.16 Quantum Measurement

      • 6.16.1 U and R Evolution Procedures

      • 6.16.2 On Theory and Observable Quantities

    • 6.17 Paradoxes in Quantum Mechanics

      • 6.17.1 De Broglie's Paradox

      • 6.17.2 Schrödinger's Cat Paradox

      • 6.17.3 Toward the EPR Paradox

      • 6.17.4 A Hidden Variable Model and Bell's Theorem

      • 6.17.5 Bell Inequality and Conventional Quantum Mechanics

      • 6.17.6 EPR Paradox: Quantum Mechanics Versus Special Relativity

    • 6.18 Quantum Computation and Teleportation

    • 6.19 Classical vs. Quantum Logic

    • Literature

  • 7 Quantum Electrodynamics

    • 7.1 Dirac Equation

      • 7.1.1 The Spin of the Electron

      • 7.1.2 Hydrogen Atom in Dirac's Theory

      • 7.1.3 Hole Theory and Positrons

    • 7.2 Intermezzo: Natural Units and the Metric Used in Particle Physics

    • 7.3 Quantized Fields and Particles

    • 7.4 Quantum Electrodynamics (QED)

      • 7.4.1 Unitarity in Quantum Electrodynamics

      • 7.4.2 Feynman Diagrams

      • 7.4.3 Virtual Particles

      • 7.4.4 Compton Scattering

      • 7.4.5 Electron Self-energy and Vacuum Polarization

      • 7.4.6 Renormalization and Running Coupling Constant

    • 7.5 Quantum Vacuum and Casimir Effect

    • 7.6 Principle of Gauge Invariance

    • 7.7 CPT Symmetry

    • 7.8 Grassmann Variables

    • Literature

  • 8 Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein Statistics

    • 8.1 Fermi–Dirac Statistics

    • 8.2 Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein Distributions

    • 8.3 The Ideal Electron Gas

    • 8.4 Heat Capacity of Metals

    • 8.5 Metals, Semiconductors, and Insulators

    • 8.6 Electrons and Holes

    • 8.7 Applications of the Fermi–Dirac Statistics

      • 8.7.1 Quantum Hall Effect

      • 8.7.2 Graphene

    • 8.8 Bose–Einstein Statistics

    • 8.9 Einstein–Debye Theory of Heat Capacity

    • 8.10 Bose–Einstein Condensation

    • 8.11 Quantum Coherence

    • 8.12 Nonrelativistic Quantum Gases

    • Literature

  • 9 Four Fundamental Forces

    • 9.1 Gravity and Electromagnetism

    • 9.2 Atomic Nuclei and Nuclear Phenomena

    • 9.3 Strong Interactions

    • 9.4 Weak Interactions

    • 9.5 Parity Non-Conservation in Beta Decay

    • 9.6 Violation of CP and T Invariance

    • 9.7 Some Significant Numbers

    • 9.8 Death of Stars

    • 9.9 Neutron Stars and Pulsars

    • Literature

  • 10 General Relativity and Cosmology

    • 10.1 Principle of Equivalence and General Relativity

    • 10.2 Gravitational Field and Geometry

    • 10.3 Affine Connection and Metric Tensor

    • 10.4 Gravitational Field Equations

    • 10.5 Cosmology

    • 10.6 Gravitational Radius and Collapse

      • 10.6.1 Wormholes

      • 10.6.2 Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and Accelerated Expansion

    • 10.7 Gravitation and Quantum Effects

    • 10.8 Cosmic Numbers

    • Literature

  • 11 Unification of the Forces of Nature

    • 11.1 Theory of Weak Interactions

    • 11.2 Yang–Mills Fields

    • 11.3 Nambu–Goldstone Theorem

    • 11.4 Brout–Englert–Higgs Mechanism

    • 11.5 Glashow–Salam–Weinberg Model

    • 11.6 Electroweak Phase Transition

    • 11.7 Hadrons and Quarks

    • 11.8 Neutrino Oscillations and Masses

    • 11.9 Quantum Chromodynamics

    • 11.10 Grand Unification

    • 11.11 Inflation

    • 11.12 Supersymmetry and Superstrings

    • Literature

  • 12 Physics and Life

    • 12.1 Order and Life

    • 12.2 Life and Fundamental Interactions

    • 12.3 Homochirality: Biological Symmetry Breaking

    • 12.4 Neutrinos and Beta Decay

    • 12.5 Anthropic Principle

    • 12.6 Search for Extraterrestrial Life

    • Literature

  • Appendix Solutions of the Problems

  • Solutions for Chap. 1摥映數爠eflinkchap111

  • Solutions for Chap. 2摥映數爠eflinkchap222

  • Solutions for Chap. 3摥映數爠eflinkchap333

  • Solutions for Chap. 4摥映數爠eflinkchap444

  • Solutions for Chap. 5摥映數爠eflinkchap555

  • Solutions for Chap. 6摥映數爠eflinkchap666

  • Solutions for Chap. 7摥映數爠eflinkchap777

  • Solutions for Chap. 8摥映數爠eflinkchap888

  • Solutions for Chap. 9摥映數爠eflinkchap999

  • Solutions for Chap. 10摥映數爠eflinkchap101010

  • Solutions for Chap. 11摥映數爠eflinkchap111111

  • Appendix Subject Index

  • Index

  • Appendix Author Index

  • Author Index

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