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VNU JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, Nat ACTUAL Sci., t.XVIl, nL SITUATION CONTAMINATION IN - 2001 OF HEAVY GROUNDWATER METALS’ OF HANOI Nguyen Trong Uyen, Tran Hong Con Nguyen Thi Chuyen, Hoang AREA Van Ha Faculty of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences - VNUH The water supply system of Hanoi depends on main water treatment 13 small stations belonging to Hanoi Water Business Company (HWBC) plants and The exploitation capacity of HWBC was approximate 450,000 cubic meters per day in 1995 and it reached 500.000 cubic meter in 1998 HWBC provides water for about 70% of total urban population of Hanoi Water supply productivity of HWBC on all system is about 70% It means that the amount of water for person per day is theoretically approximate 200 liter, but in reality this amount is still less According to the Water Master Plan of Hanoi City up to 2000 the exploitation capacity will be 700.000 cubic meter per day water is produced from underground water 100% of Hanoi supply With actual exploitation capacity, appeared exhaustion in some wellfields located far from river influenced zone, where the recharge is not equivalent These phenomena were appeared in southern part of Hanoi, especially in dry season {1} Underground first is water from underground water logical structure of aquifer by layer of water in Hanoi is strongly influenced by two water resources Red River and Duong River and the second is from surface from nearer areas This conclusion can be explained by the Hanoi area In principle, the upper aquifer must be isolated clay, which plays role as water filter But the isolated layer The water and hydrogeofrom lower of cle Hanoi area is not indefectible, there are holes, which called hydrogeological windows in it ‘The holes are some where and especially larger in bottom of rivers It means that ground water of lower aquifer, where water is exploited, directly contacts with surface water and river water So quality of Hanoi underground water is very sensitive with contamination of surface water and river water ‘Together with development of economics and industry and expanse of population of Hanoi, water exploitation must be intensified Those really threaten quality of ground water in Hanoi The quality of ground water was investigated by some institutes and research orga- nizations But they were interested only in other parameters of water quality but heavy metals were still limited except Iron The archived data of h metals in ground water up to now was still pure and wasn’t systematical [2] Those were reasons why we opened our investigation on subject of heavy metals’ contamination in Hanoi underground water The first stage of our investigation is to determine the contamination of important 32 Actual situation and popular of heavy metals’ contamination heavy metals in Hanoi ground this contamination water in 33 and hopping to find out any reason of The heavy metals planed in the investigation were As Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Fe and Mn |3} ‘The samples on dry season (July) were collected directly (February), beginning of from pump rainy season stations of wellfields in Hanoi (April) and on most rainy period After collection, samples were pretreated with nitric acid, DO, pH, turbidity and temperature parameter of samples were measured immediately when ground water flowed out All samples were then treated with HCl and to destroy metal-organic com- HN pounds that changed metal compounds into simple dissolved metal ions It's better in chloride form, It means all nitrate ions must be removed from analytical samples by multi times boiling down with HCI Then diluted with HCl 1,0 M before measurement {4] ‘The analytical samples were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrometric method on AAS 6800 Shimadzu Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb were measured with Air-Acetylene flame regime Generator Hg was measured with non flame cool vapor regime using Hydride Vapor (HVG) equipment As was measured with Air-Ace ne flame regime but it was used HVG technique to change all arsenic species onto arsine (AsH3) ‘Then arsine was flowed into quart tube putted in the flame AsH3 was atomized in interior of heated quart tube without influence of exterior gases The concentration of investigated heavy metals in underground water of nine exploiting wellfields in Hanoi area was showed in Table (for dry season), Table (for beginning rainy season), Table (for most rainy period in rainy season) and table (average value) ‘Table Concentration (g/l) of heavy metals in ground water of Wellfields in Hanoi area and Red River (February 1999) | 'Wellfields D th Cd Luong Yén TươngMai 2.51 Cu 21.53 Fe Mn Ni Hg Pb As 2152 400 8.07 0.85 33.73 57.74 247 1185 | 5350 260 7.10 1:11 31.85 78.05 Ng Sỹ Liên 2.63 172 1112 940 11.93 1.08 33.62 52.80 Ngoc Ha 2.94 7.50 825 7.56 1.13 35.37 42.40 Yên Phụ 2.70 15.94 4691 420 7.48 0.82 37.02 404.33 | Ha Dinh 2.60 20.32 8512 140 8.31 1.06 36.32 280.70 Pháp Vân 2.24 10.73 4324 15 5.89 1.51 44.12 * 348.3 Mai Dich 2.19 TAL 261 1020 5.46 1.01 34.06 48.24 Henninger 2.24 6.29 4389 223 6.10 0.97 29.87 41.89 | Song Héng 46.66 1.36 1055 5.35 0.85 43.46 390.05 |_VN Standard — —- Concentration of heavy metals in groundwater, (ppb) 10 100 300 1200 100 100 50 50 34 Nguyen Trong Uyen, Tran Hong Con Table Concentration (g/l) of heavy metals in ground water of wellfields in Hanoi and Red River in beginning of rainy season (May 1999) Concentration of heavy metals in ground water, (ppb) Cu Fe Mn Ni Pb Hg Wellhelds Luong Yén 15.35 Ng Sỹ Liên Tuong Mai Ngọc Hà 9.51 1961 6932 471 351 255 1112 4.56 4514 3.61 Yên Phụ Hạ Đình 63 | 431 | 8830 Phap Van 316 | 3892 | Mai Dịch Henninger Sông Hồng 3.63 3.22 142 VN Standard 100 | 144 4123 1321 300 | 7.76 As 6.05 35.50 37.28 0.76 68.35 1055 6.08 4141 114 5255 468 6.28 42.18 0.76 372.45 185 | 37437 | 1192 | 150 | 212 | 1310 321 12 100 | 664 | 3919 | 940 | 4053 | 756 | 7089 | 6.06 5.78 6.22 100 | 39.41 39.33 36.17 50 1.03 76.15 115 | 33/85 | 1.01 1.01 3.21 0.82 292.06 | 48.33 42.36 196.52 12 1} 50 -] Table Concentration (j1g/l) of some heavy metals in ground water of Well fields and Red River in most rainy period of rainy season (July 1999) Nelneee Luong Yen Tuong Mai Ngo Sy Lien Ngoc Ha Concentration of heavy metals in C | Œ& | Fe | Mn | Ni | ground water, (ppb) Pb Hạ As 2.36 1.34 1.78 0.59 2.15 3.39 171 3.34 2333 4693 1386 301 228 181 579 16 1.48 2.49 3:37 3.31 15.79 13.65 7.45 16.75 041 0.85 0.25 0.06 55.03 31.07 20.33 44.48 Yen Phu Ha Dinh 1.83 0.52 0.24 6.63 1.75 2.58 5123 7644 249 95 3.05 3.74 2.42 7.35 16.16 15.03 0.51 221 0:27 412.32 218.79 Mai Dịch Red River 0.40 1.49 2.58 6.85 539 692 522 16 4.69 ast 1295 16.75 0.56 0.56 Phap Van VN Standard 10 5271 100 109 300 100 100 50 303.79 | 12.17 21.60 50 Table Average concentration of heavy metals in ground water of Hanoi area (g/l) Wellfields Cd Average concentration of heavy metals in ground water Cu Fe Mn Ni Pb Hg 207 | 825 | Luong Yen 252 | 1307 | 2149 | Ngo Sy Lien Ngọc Ha Yen Phu Ha Dinh Phap Van “Mai Dich VN Standard 220 203 240 196 157 162 10 Tuong Mai | | | | | | VN Standard = Vietnamese Water 399 1448 904 8.79 549 466 100 | | | | | | | Standard 5640 | 1203 600 4776 8329 4496 300 1000 | | | | | | | 366 | 577 | 264 | 858 1627 379 128 112 951 500 | | | | | | 5.21 | 713 5.84 560 7.15 529 540 100 | | | | | | As 2834 0.67 2749 3042 2885 28.85 43.35 28.81 50 0.82 41.89 0.78 40.24 070 | 39637 143 | 263.87 121 342.17 0.86 36.25 30 27.59 Allowable Concentration of these Heavy 1.00 60.37 6176 | Metals in Ground of heavy situation Actual metals’ contamination Cadmium, Copper, Nickel and Lead their concentration in ground water is lower than standard allowable Although the concentration of these metals were strongly fluctuated in concentration comparison between the wellfields and the seasons; but they were always in the allowable Based range on Beside the above, Manganese, Mercury Dich Mai field Iron, we have seen Ngo Sy Lien well field and The concentration for Arsenic Arsenic in Yen Phu, Phap Ha Dinh, Van well in individual well field was also altered along riable seems that the concentration was high in rs The trend of the with seasons in \ dry season and lower in rainy season It can be seen clearly at Figure for Tuong Mai well field and Figure for Ha Dinh well field This rule is according with the mentioned i, Pb and Hg But for Fe, Mn and metals, which have low concentration such as Cd, Cu, As, which of heavy and that exist in Hanoi ground water In some wellfields with very high concentration, which was exceeded allowable limit the concentration of these metals is even to 10 times higher than allowable limit For example: lron in Ha Dinh, Phap Van, Yen Phu, ‘Tong Mai well field, Manganese in Ngoc Ha, that ilts mentioned 35 u metals have high concentration in ground water of most wellfields, the concentration variation did not accord with any rule We could see it at Figure In general, contamination of investigating heavy was partly exposed metals in Hanoi ground water Four of them (Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb) have concentration not so high to be able to threaten ground water quality The rest of them are Fe, Mn, strongly contaminated ground water of Hanoi area Hg and As, they Although the concentration of Fe and Mn was so high but with actual technology of supply water treatment, Fe and Mn could be easly excluded Meanwhile arsenic and mercury were difficult removed They could be directly influence on health of people who used to use this water 100 80 60 Series mSeries2 oSeries3 20 Figure Concentration (g/l) of heavy metals in ground water in Tuong Mai well field on different seasons 1: Cd, 2: Cu, 3: Fe, 4: Mn, 5: Ni, 6: Pb, 7: Hg, 8: As Series 1: for dry season; Series 2: for beginning of rainy season; Series 3: for most rainy period of rainy season (Concentration of [Fe] x 100, [Mn] x 10 and [As] x 10) Nguyen 36 Trong Uyen, Tran Hong Con ISeries1 Series2 OSeries3 Figure Concentration (jg/) of heavy metals in ground water of Ha Dinh well field on different seasons 1: Cd, 2: Cu, 3: Fe, 4: Mn, 5: Ni, 6: Pb, 7: Hg, 8: As concentration Series 1: for dry season; Series 2: for beginning of rainy season; Series 3: for most rainy period of rainy season ots 88S SB (Concentration of [Fe] x 100, [Mn] x 10 and [As] x 10) Figure 3, Concentration (\g/l) of Fe, Mn and As in ground water of Ngoc Ha and Yen Phu wellfield on different seasons land 2: Fe concentration in Luong Yen and Yen Phu wellfield, and 4: Mn, and 6: As concentration in Ngoc Ha and Yen Phu wellfield Series 1: for dry season; Series 2: for beginning of rainy season, Series 3: for most rainy period of rainy season (Concentration of [Fe] x 100, [Mn] x 10 and [As] x 10) Actual situation of heavy uy metals’ contamination in 37 References (| Nguyen Van Dan Hydrogeological Study for |2! The Report, Hanoi 1995 uất biện pháp bo vệ nguồn Do 'Trong Su et al Đánh giá độ nhiễm đ nước đưới đất số khu vực trọng điểm thuộc đồng Bắc Bộ Vietnam Geological Department, Hanoi 1993 Subcommittee on Arsenic in Drinking Water, Committee on Toxicology, Board on {d) Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee on Life Sciences, National search Council, Arsenic in Drinking DC 1999, Mary Ann H Franson of Water and (Managing Wastewater Amer Water Editor) Public National Academy Re- Press, Washington, Standard Methods for the Examination Association, Washington DC 1995 (19th Edition) TAP CH! KHOA HỌC ĐHQGHN, KHTN, t.XVII, nŸ1 - 2001 THUC TRẠNG Ô NHIÊM KIM LOẠI NẶNG NƯỚC NGẦM Ở KHU VỰC HÀ NỘI Nguyễn Trọng Uyển, Trần Hồng Côn Nguyễn Khoa Hoa, Thị Chuyền, Hoàng Văn Hà Dai hoc Khoa học Tìr nhiên - DHQG Ha Noi Hầu toàn lượng nước cấp Hà Nội khai thác từ nước ngầm với bãi giếng lớn khoảng 13 trạm nước nhỏ Chất lượng nước ngầm khu vực Hà Nội Những tư số quan liệ nghiên cứu quan tâm có điều tra, khảo sát ác kim loại nặng nước ngầm chưa quan tâm đến cách thích đáng Với kinh nghiệm từ nước ngoài, năm tỏi triển khai đề tài nghiên cứu đánh giá tình trạng nhiễm ngầm khu vực Hà Nội 1999, chúng kim loại nặng nước Những kết thu nửa đầu năm 1999 cho thấy số bãi giếng Hà Nội bị nhiễm kim loại nặng với nồng độ cao nhiều so với tiêu chuẩn cho phép Việt Nam sắt, acsen bãi giếng Yên Phụ, Hạ Đình, Pháp Vân; Mangan Ngọc Hà, Ngô Sỹ Liên, Mai Dịch Những kết cho thấy nồng độ kim loại nặng thay đổi tương đối rõ rệt mùa khơ mùa mưa Đối với § kim loại nặng nghiên cứu đồng, chì, niken cadimi ln có nồng độ thấp tiêu chuẩn cho phép sắt, mangan, acsen thủy ngân số bãi giếng có nồng độ cao tiêu chuẩn Với công nghệ xử lý nước ngầm hiệ nhà máy nước khơng loại bỏ triệt để mangan, thủy ngân acsen Đây vấn đề cần quan tâm cách nghiêm túc thời gian tới .. .Actual situation and popular of heavy metals’ contamination heavy metals in Hanoi ground this contamination water in 33 and hopping to find out any reason of The heavy metals planed in the investigation... for beginning of rainy season, Series 3: for most rainy period of rainy season (Concentration of [Fe] x 100, [Mn] x 10 and [As] x 10) Actual situation of heavy uy metals’ contamination in 37... putted in the flame AsH3 was atomized in interior of heated quart tube without influence of exterior gases The concentration of investigated heavy metals in underground water of nine exploiting