153VNU Journal of Foreign Studies, Vol 36, No 4 (2020) 153 169 1 Introduction 1Washback, i e , test effects on teaching and learning, has been attracting numerous researchers like in the world, including Vietnam (Alderson an Banerjee, 2001; Bui, * Tel 84 912362656 Mail thudm@dhhp edu vn 2016; Bui, 2018; Cheng & Curtis, 2012; Nguyen, 2017; Hsieh, 2017; Tayeb, Abd Aziz & Ismail, 2018; Wall & Horák, 2006; Wenyuan, 2017) According to Cheng, Sun, and Ma (2015, p 440), the popularity of washback was j[.]