AND PARENTS ON SOCIAL NETWORK SERVICES IN NORTH TAIWAN
Yu-Mei, Tseng! Chih-Chun Wu2
Abstract: As information and communication technology became more and more advanced, the phenomenon that people interact with each other through social networks also became more and more common Undergraduates and their parents interact with each other on social networks According to the result of this research, it showed that parent- child interactions on social network, the more the agreement of “talk to your parents about what you see and hear on social network services”, the more the agreement of “maintain parent-child relationship’, “have more Conversations with your parents’, “have well interaction with your parents”, and the more the agreement of “parents learn about how children have been recently’ Finally, in terms of the influence of the parent-child interaction on Internet showed that the more the agreement of “father is troubled”, the more the agreement of “father make disclosure of privacy’, “mother is troubled”, and “mother make disclosure of privacy” The more undergraduates identifying with the mother as the troublemaker, the more they agree with the mother’s disclosure of privacy
Keywords: Social network services, Privacy settings, Privacy protect, Undergraduates parent-child interac
Introduction
The purpose of this study was to investigate the privacy and disclosure of undergraduates on social networks, and to analyze the relationship between 1 Department of Educational Policy and Administration, National Chi Nan University, Master 2 Department of Educational Policy and Administration, National Chi Nan University, Associate
Trang 2parental relationships with their parents According to the 2016 Digital Opportunity Survey for Individuals and Households (National Development Council, 2016), the use rate of different generations in instant messaging or
social network services exceeds 80%, and the 15th to 39-year-old generation
is most frequently used About 40% of people use instant messaging or social network services once per hour It can be seen the Internet became the focus of people’s daily lives, and therefore people relied on social networks The results of the “2016 Summary Report: Wireless Internet Usage in Taiwan” showed that the proportion of Taiwanese use LINE (95.3%) was the highest, followed by
Facebook (80.9%) In addition, the Facebook (FB) user ages from 12 to 19 years
old accounted for 95.5% As the result of the above investigation, FB was the main medium in the social network and it is seen that young people frequently
use FB Piper Jaffray released “Taking Stock with Teens,” a youth tracking report
for the spring of 2016, and found that 18-year-old respondents who used FB at least once a month were approximately 60% (Piper Jaffray, 2016) Did the
phenomenon of using FB by young ethnic to expand their social networking also
occur in Taiwan? It is worth exploring
It pointed out by eMarketer that FB users in the United States between the
ages of 12 and 17 and users between the ages of 18 and 24 have been reduced and transferred to other platforms On the other hand, young people who are still on
the FB platform spend less time and show less participation (eMarketer, 2017)
However, the increase in the number of users of the FB platform is attributed to the addition of elders Bloomberg News pointed out that the number of posts about private life on Facebook was getting lower and lower, mainly due to the increase in number of friends and the fear that excessive private posts are unrelated to others, thus FB users didn’t want to update their Facebook status (Sarah, 2016) This phenomena was “context collapse in social media” From the above studies, though it was found that the frequency of the use of Facebook by younger users decreased and younger users shifted to other platforms, users of a wide range of ages still used Facebook in Taiwan Based on the common social network services used by college students and their parents, this study selected FB to explore online parent-child interaction
Trang 3research would explore the privacy protection of undergraduates, the privacy setting for their parents and investigate the interaction between parents and children on social networks
Privacy settings of social networking services
Activities on the social network include personal and mass privacy controls, privacy disclosure, and privacy boundaries There are three main principles
to consider in communication privacy management (CPM), such as right of
privacy, privacy control, and privacy mobility (Child & Starcher, 2016) CPM theory showed that the relationship between the needs of controlling personal
information and sharing personal information (Petronio, 2002) The users of the
social network services could post comments, posting photos would fully control their own right of privacy In other words, users could filter the viewers of the news feed and make privacy settings Take Facebook, the main social network services in Taiwan as an example, the longer you used it, the more friends or the followers you would have When users updated their status, posted photos,
and allowed others to post a comment on their news feed, they also transformed
information from personal privacy boundaries to collective privacy boundaries (Child & Petronio, 2011) Research showed that college students may disclose
privacy to friends, family members, and couples on social network services Under the premise of intimacy, the reasons for disclosure are often related to
relationship maintenance and development (Waters & Ackerman, 2011) College students who wanted to maintain relationships with their parents might disclose their privacy on the social network This study would explore how undergraduates maintain the balance between privacy protection and privacy disclosure, and find out the situation of privacy setting for parents of college students in Taiwan
Privacy protection of social network services
Trang 4(Kobsa, Patil, & Meyer, 2012) For example, parents might not reach all of their
children’s posts and updates, only a few could be viewed (2) Use the friend restricted list (Kramer & Haferkamp, 2011) For instance, by classifying friend list, divide it into close friends list, acquaintances, restricted list, block list, etc.;
(3) Register different user accounts (Rosenbaum, Johnson, Stepman, & Nijten,
2010) Such as creating two or more Facebook accounts provided others to friend In addition, Facebook users can use privacy settings to prevent from obtaining personal information by their friends on third-party applications (Wisniewski, Lipford, & Bello-Ogunu, 2015) This was shown by the following examples Use privacy settings to restrict others from tagging your account with third-party applications on Facebook Research on social network privacy settings mostly focused on adolescents, and rarely discusses college students’ social network privacy settings for parents It is intriguing how the college students use their privacy settings Therefore, it is expected to explore the situation of the privacy setting to parents on the social network by college students in Taiwan
Methodology
The purpose of this study was to establish the privacy of parents on their
social networks, explore the extent of their undergraduates’ self-disclosure, and
investigate the interaction between parents and undergraduates The research framework was developed based on literature review and research purposes, as illustrated in Figure 1
Personal background Privacy disclosure Parent-child variable Va oN, interaction
Gend ender \ Privacy settings _——” Father/mother
Figure 1 Research framework 1 The research process was described as follows 2 Understand the personal variables of college students
3 Explore the settings of social network services
4 Discuss the degree of disclosure of their privacy to parents,
Trang 5relationship between college students and their parents on social network services
In this study, students from 4 different types of university in north Tatwan were sampled There were national general university, national university of science
and technology, private general university, and private university of science and
technology
Since the domestic literature is less involved in this topic, like privacy discloser and privacy settings, this questionnaire is a self-designed questionnaire The first part of questionnaire is basic information The background variables include gender The second part of questionnaire encompasses privacy discloser and privacy settings The higher number, the more the degree of the frequency of posts On the contrary, the lower number, the less the degree of the frequency of
posts The last part of questionnaire is about parent-child interaction on Internet,
using four-point scale The higher number, the more the degree of agreement On the contrary, the lower number, the less the degree of agreement
In this study, data processing suggested as following ways 1 Descriptive statistics
The situation of privacy settings, the interaction between college students and their parents on social network would be shown as descriptive statistics
2 Pearson product-moment correlation
Analyze the relevance of the interaction between undergraduates and their fathers on social network services, the relevance of the interaction between undergraduates and their mothers on social network services, and the relevance of the influence factors of the parents using social network services
Result
The results of this study could be divided into three parts, such as paired sample t-tests, the independent t-tests of gender and the independent t-tests of area respectively
1 Sample analysis
In this study, more than 1,000 undergraduates from 4 different types of university in north Taiwan were sampled The sample included 51.5% males
and 48.5% females Furthermore, 26.2% subjects were from national general
Trang 6subjects were from private universities of science and technology The sample distribution in this study was shown in Table 1 In this study, Cronbach’s Alpha was 903 and the number of items was 33
Table 1: Sample analysis Background variables | Cluster Valid Percent Gender Male 51.5% Female 48.5%
Type of university National general universities 26.2%
Private general universities 27.4%
National universities of science and technology 21.8%
Private universities of science and technology 24.6%
2 Parent-child social network interaction
In Table 2, it showed that more than half of the college students agreed that they would discuss with the father and mother what they saw and heard on Facebook in real life Among them, 58.8% discussed with their father and 65.5% discussed
with their mother In terms of maintaining the relationship, college students were
more likely to agree with their mothers through social networking services than their fathers, with the former being 31.4% and the latter being 24.0% More than
30% of the consents had more conversations with mothers on social networking sites, and more than 20% of consenters had more conversations with fathers In
Trang 7Table 2: Parent-child interaction of undergraduates on social network services Father Mother Agree Disagree Agree Disagree Title Talk about what you see and hear on SNS Maintain the relationship 686 (58.5%) 486 (41.5%) 799 (65.5%) 420 (34.5%) 278 (24.0%) 878 (76.0%) 380 (31.4%) 831 (68.6%) Conversa- tions 299 (22.5%) 893 (77.5%) 403 (33.3%) 809 (66.7%) Interaction 377(32.8%) 771 (67.2%) 514 (42.6%) 692 (57.4%) Learn about how children have been recently 394 (34.1%) 760 (65.9%) 535 (44.1%) 678 (55.9%)
The correlation matrix showed that the factors of interaction with fathers or mothers on the social network examined tended to have a positive association with each other “Talk to your father about what you see and hear on social network services” was positively associated with “maintain the relationship between fathers and children” (r = 493, p < 01) as well as mother (r =.500, p < 01) That meant the more the agreement of “talk to your parents about what you see and hear on social network services”, the more the agreement of “maintain parent- child relationship” “Talk to your father about what you see and hear on social network services” was positively associated with “have more Conversations with your father” (r = 477, p < 01) as well as mother (r = 506, p < 01) That meant the more the agreement of “talk to your parents about what you see and hear on social network services”, the more the agreement of “have more Conversations with your parents” “Talk to your father about what you see and hear on social network services” was positively associated with “have well interaction with your father” (r =.490, p < 01) as well as mother (rt =.512, p < 01) That meant the more the agreement of “talk to your parents about what you see and hear on social network services”, the more the agreement of “have well interaction with your parents” “Talk to your father about what you see and hear on social network services” was positively associated with “fathers learn about how children have
been recently” (r= 431, p < 01) as well as mother (r = 465, p < 01) That meant
Trang 8social network services”, the more the agreement of “parents learn about how children have been recently” The correlation matrix as shown in Table 2 and Table 3
Based on the above analysis, the factors of parent-child interaction on social network services were positively correlated It showed that the more the undergraduates talked to their parents about what they saw and heard on social networking sites, the more the undergraduates would maintain parent-child relationship, have more Conversations with their parents, have well interaction with their parents, and parents would also learn about how their children have been recently Table 3: Correlation matrix: interaction of undergraduates and fathers on social network services
4 Talk about what 2 Main- 5 Learn about tain the 3 Conver- | 4 Interac- how children
Title you see and hear
Trang 9Table 4: Correlation matrix: interaction of undergraduates and mother on social network services
1 Talk about a 5 Learn
what you see 2 Maintain 3 Conversa about how
Title and hear on y the relation- tions on 4 Interaction children
ship have been SNS recently 2 Maintain the relation- 500** - ship “Conversa 506"* re - on 512+ 713** 729** - 5 Learn about how children 465** 662** 661** 707** 7 have been recently **o< 01
3 Impact on parent-child community network interaction
The correlation matrix showed that the impact of parental use of social network services examined tended to have a positive association with each other “Father is troubled” was positively associated with“father make disclosure of privacy”(r = 871, p < 01) That meant the more the agreement of father is troubled”, the more the agreement of“father make disclosure of privacy” “Father is troubled” was positively associated with“mother is troubled” (r = 766, p < 01) That meant the more the agreement of “father is troubled”, the more the agreement of “mother is troubled” “Father is troubled” was positively
associated with “mother make disclosure of privacy”(r = 716, p < 01) That
meant the more the agreement of “father is troubled”, the more the agreement of “mother make disclosure of privacy” “Mother is troubled” was positively
associated with“mother make disclosure of privacy”’(r = 890, p < 01) In the other
Trang 10Table 5: Correlation matrix: The impact of parental use of social network services wie 1.Fatheris | “ycciseure of | Mothers | “sie ocite of troubled troubled privacy privacy 2 Father make disclosure of 871** - privacy 3 Mother is trou- bled .#66 .v .126 - 4 Mother make disclosure of 116** 194** 890** - privacy **p< 01
Discussion and Conclusion
About the use of social networking sites, more than half of college students
would discuss their own experiences and feelings with their parents in daily
life The news or posts on Facebook might be included self-disclosure When undergraduates discussed with their parents, they would disclose their personal information to their parents It echoed with the motivation of this study to explore the interaction between college students and their parents
In the correlation analysis of the interaction on social network services
between college students and their parents, it can be found that college students and parents have a positive correlation between “talk to your parents about what
you see and hear on social networking sites”, “maintain parent-child relationship”,
“have more Conversations with your parents”, “have well interaction with your parents”, and “parents learn about how children have been recently” The more children would discuss with their parents what they have seen and heard on the social network services, the more they would have a positive influence on maintaining relationship with parents, having more Conversations with their parents, and interacting with their parents By social network services, college students would have more communication with their parents about what they saw on Internet, moreover they might teach their parents about some new skills of SNS It would make the interaction between parents and children closer than before
According to the results of the correlation analysis, it showed that the
Trang 11troublemaker, the more they agree with the mother’s disclosure of privacy It
could be explained as the undergraduates need their privacy on social network services Furthermore, undergraduates would help their parents setup SNS Moreover, it also encourage undergraduates to teach their parents to use ICT and help their parents to setup technical products
This study suggested that college students could teach their patents different social network services, and maintain contact with each other College students could share the news, intellectual content or entertainment videos found on SNS
with their parents in daily life It would allow the relationship between parents
and children closer through the use of social network services
It found that college students thought their parents are troubled by disclosing privacy on social network services in this study According to the research findings, it was recommended that college students could communicate with their parents about the actual situation of campus life after they left away from home, then they would actually present themselves on social network services without worrying about any problems caused by their parents It would also bring positive help to the interaction between college students and their parents
In the design of the questionnaire, the study focused on Facebook with the highest usage rate in Taiwan as the topic of social network services It was impossible to infer the interaction between college students and their parents in social software, such as LINE or Instagram It is recommended that the research designed in the future might take social software into consideration and make the research more complete
The parent-child interaction discussed in this study was limited to the part of privacy setting and interaction with social network services The type of
parent-child interaction on social network services not only affected interactions
such as privacy setting and self-disclosure, but might have different factors and background behind it Therefore, it suggested that future research could explore towards different aspects
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