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The Book of Religions by John Hayward The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Book of Religions by John Hayward This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: The Book of Religions Author: John Hayward Release Date: October 24, 2009 [Ebook #30323] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO 8859-1 ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOOK OF RELIGIONS*** The Book of Religions Comprising The Views, Creeds, Sentiments, or Opinions, Of All The The Book of Religions by John Hayward 1 Principal Religious Sects In The World Particularly Of All Christian Denominations In Europe and America To Which Are Added Church and Missionary Statistics Together With Biographical Sketches By John Hayward Author of "New England Gazetteer" Boston: Albert Colby And Company. 20 Washington Street. 1860 CONTENTS Preface. Index. Lutherans, Or, The Evangelical Lutheran Church. Calvinists. Hopkinsians. Arians. Socinians. Humanitarians. Sectarians. Church Government. Presbyterians. Cumberland Presbyterians. Episcopalians. Historical Notice Of The Church In The United States. Articles Of Religion. Cambridge And Saybrook Platforms. Moravians, Or United Brethren. Tunkers. Mennonites, Or Harmless Christians. Disciples Of Christ; Sometimes Called Campbellites, or Reformers. Friends, or Quakers. Shakers, Or The United Society Of Believers. Reformation. Reformed Churches. Reformed Dutch Church. Reformed German Church. Restorationists. Universalists. Roman Catholics. Bereans. Materialists. Arminians. Methodists, Or The Methodist Episcopal Church. Methodists, Or The Methodist Protestant Church. Protestants. Sabellians. Sandemanians. Antinomians. Pelagians. Pre-Adamites. Predestinarians. Orthodox Creeds. Andover Orthodox Creed. New Haven Orthodox Creed. Swedenborgians, Or, The New Jerusalem Church. Fighting Quakers. Harmonists. Dorrelites. Osgoodites. Rogerenes. Whippers. Wilkinsonians. Aquarians. Baxterians. Miller's Views on the Second Coming of Christ. Come-Outers. Jumpers. Baptists. Anabaptists. Free-Will Baptists. Seventh-Day Baptists, Or Sabbatarians, Six-Principle Baptists. Quaker Baptists, Or Keithians. Pedobaptists. Anti-Pedobaptists. Unitarians. Brownists. Puritans. Bourignonists. Jews. Indian Religions. Deists. Atheists. Pantheists. Mahometans. Simonians. Pagans. Satanians. Abelians, or Abelonians. Supralapsarians. Dancers. Epicureans. Skeptics. Wickliffites. Diggers. Zuinglians. Seekers. Wilhelminians. Non-Resistants. Southcotters. Family Of Love. Hutchinsonians. Mormonites, Or The Church Of The Latter-Day Saints. Daleites. Emancipators. Perfectionists. Waldenses. Allenites. Johnsonians. Donatists. Se-Baptists. Re-Anointers. Tao-Se, or Taou-Tsze. Quietists. Knipperdolings. Mendæans, Mendaites, Mendai Ijahi, Or Disciples Of St. John, That Is, The Baptist. Muggletonians. Yezidees, Or Worshippers Of The Devil. Greek or The Book of Religions by John Hayward 2 Russian Church. Primitive Christians. Trinitarians. Millenarians. Whitefield Calvinistic Methodists. Nonjurors. Nonconformists. Christian Connection. Puseyites. Free Communion Baptists. Transcendentalists. Augsburg Confession Of Faith. Armenians. Primitive Methodists. Novatians. Nestorians. High-Churchmen. Ancient American Covenant Or Confession Of Faith. Statistics Of Churches. Baptists. Free-Will Baptists. Seventh-Day Baptists. Christian Connection. Calvinistic Congregationalists. Disciples Of Christ. Episcopalians. Friends. Jews. Lutherans. Protestant Methodists. Methodists. Presbyterians. Other Presbyterian Communities. Reformed Dutch Church. Roman Catholics. Swedenborgians. Unitarians. Universalists. Missionary Statistics. First Protestant Missions. Moravian Missions. London Missionary Society. American Board Of Foreign Missions. Presbyterian Board Of Foreign Missions. English Baptist Missionary Society. American Baptist Board Of Foreign Missions. Free-Will Baptists. Episcopal Missions. Society For Propagating The Gospel Among The Indians And Others. Wesleyan Or English Methodist Missionary Society. Missions Of The Methodist Episcopal Church. Seventh-Day Baptist Missionary Society. French Protestant Missionary Society. Netherlands Missionary Society. Scottish Missionary Society. German Missionary Society. Church Of Scotland Missions. Rhenish Missionary Society. Missions Of The Roman Catholic Church. Jews' Missionary Society. Indians. Biographical Sketches of the Fathers of the Reformation, Founders of Sects, and of other Distinguished Individuals Mentioned in this Volume. John Wickliffe. Jerome of Prague. John Huss. John OEcolampadius. Martin Luther. Ulriucus Zuinglius. Martin Bucer. Philip Melancthon. Peter Martyr. Henry Bullinger. John Knox. John Calvin. Jerome Zanchius. Theodore Beza. Leo X. Justin. Arius. Athanasius. Moses Maimonides. John Agricola. Michael Servetus. Simonis Menno. Francis Xavier. Faustus Socinus. Robert Brown. James Arminius. Francis Higginson. Richard Baxter. George Fox. William Penn. Benedict Spinoza. Ann Lee. John Glass. George Keith. Nicholas Louis, Count Zinzendorf. William Courtney. Richard Hooker. Charles Chauncey. Roger Williams. John Clarke. Ann Hutchinson. Michael Molinos. John Wesley. George Whitefield. Selina Huntingdon. Robert Sandeman. Samuel Hopkins. Jonathan Mayhew. Samuel Seabury. Richard Clarke. Joseph Priestly. James Purves. John Jebb. John Gaspar Christian Lavater. John Tillotson. Isaac Newton. Charles V. Francis Bacon. Matthew Hale. Princess Elizabeth. Robert Boyle. John Locke. Joseph Addison. Isaac Watts. Philip Doddridge. John Murray. Elhanan Winchester. Saint Genevieve. Gilbert Burnet. Theological Schools. Footnotes PREFACE. A few years since, the Editor of the following pages published a volume of "Religious Creeds and Statistics;" and, as the work, although quite limited, met with general approbation, he has been induced to publish another of the same nature, but on a much larger plan, trusting that it will prove more useful, and more worthy of public favor. His design has been, to exhibit to his readers, with the utmost impartiality and perspicuity, and as briefly as their nature will permit, the views, creeds, sentiments, or opinions, of all the religious sects or denominations in the world, so far as utility seemed to require such an exhibition; but more especially to give the rise, progress, and peculiarities, of all the principal schemes or systems of religion which exist in the United States at the present day. The work is intended to serve as a manual for those who are desirous of acquiring, with as little trouble as possible, a correct knowledge of the tenets or systems of religious faith, presented for the consideration of mankind; to enable them, almost at a glance, to compare one creed or system with another, and each with the holy Scriptures; to settle the minds of those who have formed no definite opinions on religious subjects; and to lead us all, by contrasting the sacred truths and sublime beauties of Christianity with the absurd notions of pagan idolaters, of skeptics, and of infidels, to set a just value on the doctrines of HIM WHO SPAKE AS NEVER MAN SPAKE. To accomplish this design, the Editor has obtained, from the most intelligent and candid among the living defenders of each denomination, full and explicit statements of their religious sentiments such as they believe and teach. He is indebted to the friends of some new sects or parties in philosophy and religion, for an account The Book of Religions by John Hayward 3 of their respective views and opinions. With regard to anterior sects, he has noticed, from the best authorities, as large a number as is thought necessary for the comparison of ancient with modern creeds. The Church and Missionary Statistics are believed to be as accurate as can be constructed from materials which annually undergo greater or less changes. The Biographical Sketches are derived from the most authentic sources. While they convey useful knowledge in regard to the fathers and defenders of the various systems of religious faith, they may also stimulate our readers to the practice of those Christian virtues and graces which adorned the lives of many of them, and render their names immortal. A few only of the works from which valuable aid has been received, can be mentioned: Mosheim and McLaine's Ecclesiastical History; Gregory and Ruter's Church History; Encyclopædia Americana; Brown's Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge; Adams's View of Religions, and History of the Jews; Benedict's History of all Religions; Evans's Sketches; Buck's and Henderson's Theological Dictionaries; Eliot's, Allen's, and Blake's Biographical Dictionaries; Davenport; Watson; Grant's Nestorians, Coleman's Christian Antiquities; Ratio Disciplinæ; Haydn's Dictionary of Dates, &c. To clergymen and laymen of all denominations, who have assisted the Editor in presenting their various views with clearness and fairness; to the secretaries of the several missionary boards; to editors of religious journals, and to other persons who have kindly furnished documents for the Statistics and Biographical Sketches, he tenders acknowledgments of unfeigned gratitude. While the Editor assures the public that the whole has been prepared with much diligence and care, and with an entire freedom from sectarian zeal or party bias, he cannot but indulge the hope that his "Book of Religions" will prove acceptable and beneficial to the community, as imbodying a great variety of facts on a subject of deep concern, worthy of the exercise of our highest faculties, and requiring our most charitable conclusions. INDEX. Abelians, or Abelonians, 243 Addison, Joseph, 417 Agricola, John, 370 Allenites, 280 American Missions, 336 Anabaptists, 190 Ancient American Covenant, 308 Andover Orthodox Creed, 138 Antinomians, 128 Anti-Pedobaptists, 196 Apostles' Creed, 102 The Book of Religions by John Hayward 4 Aquarians, 168 Arians, 18 Arius, 368 Armenians, 303 Arminians, 115 Arminius, James, 373 Assembly's Catechism, 141 Athanasian Creed, 102 Athanasius, 368 Atheists, 217 Augsburg Confession, 302 Bacon, Francis, 407 Baptists, 182, 311, 340 Quaker, 193 Baptist Missions, English, 339 Baxter, Richard, 376 Baxterians, 169 Bereans, 109 Beza, Theodore, 366 Bible Chronology, 175 Biographical Sketches, 350 Bishops, Episcopal, 314 Bourignonists, 201 Boyle, Robert, 412 Brown, Robert, 373 Brownists, 200 Bucer, Martin, 360 The Book of Religions by John Hayward 5 Bullinger, Henry, 363 Burnet, Gilbert, 429 Calvin, John, 365 Calvinists, 11, 313 Cambridge Platform, 48 Campbellites, 58 Charles V., 405 Chauncey, Charles, 385 Christian Connection, 295, 313 Christianity, Progress of, 432 Chronology, Bible, 175 Church Government, 20 Church Statistics, 311 Clarke, John, 387 Clarke, Richard, 399 Come-Outers, 177 Congregationalists, 20, 313 Courtney, William, 384 Creed, Andover, 138 Apostles', 102 Athanasian, 102 Augsburg, 302 New Haven, 142 Nicene, 105 Orthodox, 132 Cumberland Presbyterians, 25 Daleites, 272 Dancers, 244 Deists, 215 Diggers, 246 Disciples of Christ, 58, 314 Disciples of St John, 284 The Book of Religions by John Hayward 6 Dissenters. See Puritans. Doddridge, Philip, 420 Donatists, 281 Dorrelites, 164 Dutch Reformed Church, 88 Elizabeth, Princess, 411 Emancipators, 272 English Baptist Missions, 339 Methodist Missions, 343 Epicureans, 244 Episcopalians, 26, 314, 341 Essenes, 202 Family of Love, 259 Fighting Quakers, 162 Fox, George, 377 Free Communion Baptists, 300 Free-Will Baptists, 190, 312, 341 French Missions, 346 Friends, or Quakers, 64, 319 Genevieve, 162, 428 German Missions, 346 German Reformed Church, 90 Glass, John, 383 Glassites, 126 Government, Church, 20 Greek Church, 288 The Book of Religions by John Hayward 7 Hale, Matthew, 408 Harmless Christians, 57 Harmonists, 163 Hicksites, 74, 319 High Churchmen, 308 Higginson, Francis, 310, 374 Hooker, Richard, 385 Hopkins, Samuel, 397 Hopkinsians, 13 Humanitarians, 19 Huntingdon, Lady Selina, 395 Huss, John, 354 Hutchinson, Ann, 389 Hutchinsonians, 259 Independents, 20 Indian Missions, 342 Religions, 210 Statistics, 347 Jebb, John, 401 Jerome of Prague, 352 Jews, 202, 319, 347 Johnsonians, 280 Jumpers, 181 Justin Martyr, 368 Keith, George, 383 Keithians, 193 Knipperdolings, 283 Knox, John, 363 The Book of Religions by John Hayward 8 Latter-Day Saints, 260 Lavater, John G. C., 402 Lee, Ann, 381 Leo X., 367 Locke, John 415 London Missionary Society, 335 Luther, Martin, 355 Lutherans, 9, 320 Mahometans, 220 Maimonides, Moses, 203, 370 Martyr, Peter, 362 Materialists, 112 Mayhew, Jonathan, 398 Mendæans, 284 Melancthon, Philip, 361 Mennonites, 57 Menno, Simonis, 372 Methodists, Episcopal, 117, 321 Protestant, 123, 321 Methodists, Primitive, 305 Methodists' Missions, 344 Views of Perfection, 274 Miller's Views on the Second Coming of Christ, 170 Millenarians, 292 Missionary Statistics, 333 Missions, American Foreign, 336 Missions, Indian, 342 Molinos, Michael, 389 Moravians, 49, 333 Mormonites, 260 The Book of Religions by John Hayward 9 Muggletonians, 284 Murray, John, 423 N. Necessarians. See Materialists. Nestorians, 306 Netherland Missions, 346 New Haven Orthodox Creed, 142 New Jerusalem Church, 150 Newton, Isaac, 403 Nicene Creed, 105 Nonconformists, 294 Nonjurors, 294 Non-Resistants, 247 Novatians, 305 Oberlin Views of Sanctification, 278 OEcolampadius, John, 355 Orthodox Creeds, 132 Osgoodites, 166 Pantheists, 219 Pagans, 234 Pedobaptists, 193 Pelagians, 130 Penn, William, 378 Perfectionists, 274 Pharisees, 202 Popes of Rome, 326 The Book of Religions by John Hayward 10 [...]... "The Third Book of Esdras, The Fourth Book of Esdras, The Book of Tobias, The Book of Judith, The Rest of the Book of Hester, The Book of Wisdom, Jesus the Son of Sirach, Baruch the Prophet, The Song of the Three Children, The Story of Susanna, Of Bel and the Dragon, The Prayer of Manasses, The First Book of Maccabees, The Second Book of Maccabees "All the Books of the New Testament, as they are commonly... Canonical Books of the Old and New Testament, of whose authority was never any doubt in the Church "Of the Names and Number of the Canonical Books. Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numeri, Deuteronomium, Joshue, Judges, Ruth, The First Book of Samuel, The Second Book of Samuel, The First Book of Kings, The Second Book of Kings, The First Book of Chronicles, The Second Book of Chronicles, The First Book of Esdras,... ought to be ministered in a known Tongue 10 Of the reverent Estimation of God's Word 11 Of Alms-doing 12 Of the Nativity of Christ 13 Of the Passion of Christ 14 Of the Resurrection of Christ 15 Of the worthy receiving of the Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ 16 Of the Gifts of the Holy Ghost 17 For the Rogation-Days 18 Of the State of Matrimony 19 Of Repentance 20 Against Idleness 21 Against... And in unity of this Godhead there be three persons, of one substance, power, and eternity; the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost "ART II Of the Word, or Son of God, which was made very Man. The Son, which is the Word of the Father, begotten from everlasting of the Father, the very and eternal God, of one substance with the Father, took man's nature in the womb of the blessed Virgin, of her substance:... clergy, the private confession of sins, the use of wafers in the administration of the Lord's supper, the form of exorcism in the celebration of baptism, and other ceremonies of the like nature, as tolerable, and some of them useful The Lutherans maintain, with regard to the divine decrees, that they respect the salvation or misery of men in consequence of a previous knowledge of their sentiments and characters,... distinctly, that they may be understanded of the people The Book of Religions by John Hayward 32 "Of the Names of the Homilies. 1 Of the right Use of the Church 2 Against Peril of Idolatry 3 Of repairing and keeping clean of Churches 4 Of Good Works; first of Fasting 5 Against Gluttony and Drunkenness 6 Against Excess of Apparel 7 Of Prayer 8 Of the Place and Time of Prayer 9 That Common Prayers and Sacraments... Esdras, The Second Book of Esdras, The Book of Hester, The Book of Job, The Psalms, The Proverbs, Ecclesiastes or Preacher, Cantica or Songs of Solomon, Four Prophets the greater, Twelve Prophets the less "And the other Books (as Hierome saith) the Church doth read for example of life, and instruction of manners, but yet doth it not apply them to establish any doctrine; such are these following: "The Third... individuals Matters of a general nature are submitted to a meeting of the whole community, consisting either of all male members of age, or of an intermediate body elected by them Public meetings are held every evening in the week Some of these are devoted to the reading of the Scriptures, others to the communication of accounts from the missionary stations, and others to the singing of hymns or selected... elders, agreeably to the form prescribed in the book styled the Constitution of the Presbyterian Church, and having them ordained and The Book of Religions by John Hayward 21 installed as their session They judge that to presbyteries the Lord Jesus has committed the spiritual government of each particular congregation, and not to the whole body of the communicants; and on this point they are distinguished... representatives of the Laity Nor are these the only points in which the Bishop of our Church may feel pleasure in asserting the free and republican constitution of our government; for, in our ecclesiastical judicatories, the representatives of the laity possess strict coordinate authority, the power of voting as a separate body, and of annulling, by a majority of votes, the acts of the Bishops and Clergy." The Book . The Book of Religions by John Hayward The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Book of Religions by John Hayward This eBook is for the use of anyone. 2009 [Ebook #30323] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO 8859-1 ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOOK OF RELIGIONS* ** The Book of Religions Comprising