ANH-VĂN-NGỮ-PHÁP-2-CLAUSES-AND-PHRASES

ANH VĂN LUYỆN THI 12 Trung tâm BDVH & LTĐH Toàn Mỹ 0908825845 0973012241 Web iamtoanmy com vn 1 57 Lê Quốc Trinh, Q Tân Phú, TP HCM Web trắc nghiệm trên smartphone itracnghiem com vn TOÀN MỸ Academy C[.]

ANH VĂN LUYỆN THI 12 Trung tâm BDVH & LTĐH Tồn Mỹ - 0908825845 - 0973012241 TỒN MỸ Academy CLAUSES AND PHRASES (MỆNH ĐỀ VÀ CỤM TỪ) CLAUSES OF CONDITION (MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ ĐIỀU KIỆN) Mệnh đề điều kiện mệnh đề phụ điều kiện, nối với mệnh đề liên từ IF nên cịn gọi mệnh đề if (If-clause) Câu có mệnh đề điều kiện gọi câu điều kiện (conditional sentence)  Có loại câu điều kiện phân theo bảng công thức sau: TYPE MAIN CLAUSE I Real in the present or future (có will thật tương lai) can IF - CLAUSE + V (bare-inf.) shall may Simple Preseent (chỉ thật, quy luật thói quen) II Unreal in the present (khơng có thật tại) could Past Simple would Past Subjunctive should + V (bare-inf.) (V2; be → were) might III Unreal in the past (khơng có thật khứ) could Past Perfect would + have + V3 (had + V3) should might Ex: If I have time, I’ll help you If you heat ice it turns/ will turn to water If I were you, I would come there He would have passed his exam if he had studied hard  Mệnh đề điều kiện đứng trước sau mệnh đề Trong mệnh đề điều kiện, ta thay liên từ IF UNLESS (nếu không, trừ phi) Unless tương đương với ‘If not’ Web: iamtoanmy.com.vn 1-Web trắc nghiệm smartphone: itracnghiem.com.vn 57 Lê Quốc Trinh, Q Tân Phú, TP.HCM TOÀN MỸ Academy ANH VĂN LUYỆN THI 12 Trung tâm BDVH & LTĐH Toàn Mỹ - 0908825845 - 0973012241 Ex: If you don’t study hard, you’ll fail in the exam → Unless you study hard, you’ll fail in the exam If she doesn’t water these trees, they will die → Unless she waters these trees, they will die  Khi đổi câu điều kiện IF sang UNLESS, nhớ lưu ý không đổi mệnh đề IF thể khẳng định sang thể phủ định mà phải đổi mệnh đề theo thể ngược lại Ex: If I have time, I’ll help you → Unless I have time, I won’t help you If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster → Unless we had more rain, our crops wouldn’t grow faster If I won a big prize in a lottery, I’d build a school for the poor → Unless I won a big prize in a lottery, I wouldn’t build a school for the poor  Ta gút lại công thức sau: IF-CLAUSE Thể phủ định Thể khẳng định Ta diễn tả câu điều kiện mà không cần dùng IF hay UNLESS cách đảo chủ ngữ sau should, were had Lưu ý không làm với động từ khác Ex: If you should run into Peter, tell him he owes me a letter → Should you run into Peter, tell him he owes me a letter If they were stronger, they could lift the table → Were they stronger, they could lift the table If he had studied hard, he would have passed his exam → Had he studied hard, he would have passed his exam Provided (that), On condition (that), As long as, so long as (miễn là, với điều kiện là), Suppose, Supposing (giả sử như), In case (trong trường búp), Even if (ngay khi, dù cho) dùng thay cho If câu điều kiện Ex: In case I forget, please remind me of my promise Web: iamtoanmy.com.vn 2-Web trắc nghiệm smartphone: itracnghiem.com.vn 57 Lê Quốc Trinh, Q Tân Phú, TP.HCM TOÀN MỸ Academy ANH VĂN LUYỆN THI 12 Trung tâm BDVH & LTĐH Toàn Mỹ - 0908825845 - 0973012241 EXERCISES I Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses If I see him, I (give) him a gift If I had a typewriter, I (type) it myself If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) you You could make better progress if you (attend) class regularly If I (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat He could get a job easily if he (have) a degree I shouldn’t have believed it if I (not see) it with my own eyes If he (study) hard, he can pass the exam 10 If she had asked you, you (accept)? 11 Rice plants (grow) well if there is enough rain 12 He might get fat if he (stop) smoking 13 What you (do) if you found a burglar in your house? 14 If she (not hurry), she may be late 15 If I (try) again, I think that I would have succeeded 16 Water (not run) downhill if there were not gravity 17 If I tell you a secret, you (promise) not to tell it to anyone else? 18 Tell him to ring me if you (see) him 19 The police (arrest) him if they catch him 20 If you (speak) more slowly, he might have understood you II Use UNLESS instead of IF If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife If you not like this one, I’ll bring you another I’ll not be able to any work if I not have a quiet room If she does not hurry, she’ll be late If we had more rain, our crops would be better The crops would have been ruined if the flood had risen higher If you had not sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were there If she did her hair differently, she would look quite nice If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game 10 If I won a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job III Make conditional sentences without conjunctions If I were you, I’d accept the job If you had told me that he never paid his debts, I wouldn’t have lent him money If he had known your telephone number he would have rung you If it were nice, we would go for a walk I would come to her wedding if I were invited Would you visit me if I were sent to prison? Would you have written to her if you had known her address? What would you if today were a holiday? If they had asked me I would have helped them 10 Scientists think that men could live on the moon if there were air and water on it IV Complete the following sentences Web: iamtoanmy.com.vn 3-Web trắc nghiệm smartphone: itracnghiem.com.vn 57 Lê Quốc Trinh, Q Tân Phú, TP.HCM TOÀN MỸ Academy ANH VĂN LUYỆN THI 12 Trung tâm BDVH & LTĐH Toàn Mỹ - 0908825845 - 0973012241 If I were the Prime Minister, I He could buy a new car if If I had more time, If he hadn’t been ill, They could have passed the exam if they We could have come with you if we If her parents had been richer, If he had come yesterday, If it hadn’t rained, 10 The world would be a better place if V Make conditional sentences according to the facts provided Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up Because you don’t leave immediately, I call a policeman I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up Go right now or you’ll be late for the train As she is often absent from class, she can’t keep pace with her classmates I couldn’t write to Alice because I didn’t know her address I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you We got lost because we didn’t have a map His friends were so late, so they missed the train 10 Today isn’t Sunday, so the pupils can’t go swimming 11 The heavy rain kept everybody from going out 12 This chair is too heavy for him to move 13 He had a flu because he went out in the rain last night 14 The church bells keep me from sleeping 15 Morning exercises make me feel better 16 Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson 17 The boy is so young that he can’t go to school 18 The fridge keeps the food from spoiling 19 Why don’t you study hard? 20 Why don’t you stop smoking? 21 Be careful, or you’ll cut yourself with that knife 22 Be calm, or you’ll make a wrong decision 23 Without the air, we would die 24 Without a visa, she couldn’t have come to that country 25 Without the sun, man would live in the darkness 26 Without money, he wouldn’t have bought such a big house 27 Smoking makes him so weak 28 It was very cold yesterday, so we couldn’t go swimming 29 It is very cold, so we can’t go swimming 30 I didn’t watch T.V last night because I was busy CLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY (MỆNH ĐỀ SAU WISH, IF ONLY) Sau wish (ước, ước gì, mong) if only (ước gì, giá mà), người ta thuờng dùng mệnh đề điều ao uớc, điều không thật Mệnh đề sau wish if only xem Web: iamtoanmy.com.vn 4-Web trắc nghiệm smartphone: itracnghiem.com.vn 57 Lê Quốc Trinh, Q Tân Phú, TP.HCM TOÀN MỸ Academy ANH VĂN LUYỆN THI 12 Trung tâm BDVH & LTĐH Toàn Mỹ - 0908825845 - 0973012241 mệnh danh từ (noun clause) Có loại mệnh đề sau wish if only đuợc dùng để ao uớc tương lai, khứ Ao ước tương lai (Future wish) S + wish + S + would/ could + V(bare-inf.) If only Ex: I wish it would stop raining! I wish I could attend your wedding next week If only I could take the trip with you next Sunday If only they would talk to each other Ao ước (Present wish) S + wish + S + V(Past simple/ Past subjunctive) If only  Past subjunctive (Quá khứ giả định): hình thức giống Past Simple với động từ be phải đổi thành were cho tất (V2; be → were) Ex: I wish I was/ were rich (But I am poor now.) I can’t swim I wish I could swim If only Ben was/ were here (Bee isn’t here.) We wish that we didn’t have to go to class today (We have to go to class.) Ao ước khứ (Past wish) S + wish Past Perfect/ Past Perfect Subjunctive) +S If only  could have + V3 Past Perfect Subjunctive (quá khứ hoàn thành giả định): hình thức Past Perfect (had + V3) Ex: I wish I hadn’t failed my exam last year (I failed my exam.) She wishes she had had enough money to buy the house (She didn’t have enough Web: iamtoanmy.com.vn 5-Web trắc nghiệm smartphone: itracnghiem.com.vn 57 Lê Quốc Trinh, Q Tân Phú, TP.HCM TOÀN MỸ Academy ANH VĂN LUYỆN THI 12 Trung tâm BDVH & LTĐH Toàn Mỹ - 0908825845 - 0973012241 money to buy it.) If only I had met her yesterday (I didn’t meet her.) She wishes could have been there (She couldn’t be there.) EXERCISES I Give the correct forms of the verbs in the parentheses She wishes her father (be) here now to help hen I wish you (not give) them my phone number yesterday I wish they (visit) us when they were in town I wish someone (give) me a job next month If only I (can take) the trip to Hanoi with her next summer We wish we (understand) all the teacher’s explanation yesterday He missed an exciting football match on TV last night He wishes he (watch) it If only I (have) more time to this job 9.I wish she (come) to see me yesterday 10 I wish that someday I (be) able to marry her II Rewrite the sentences below, using WISH or IF ONLY to express washes My father isn’t here now I want him to be here now You talk more than you work The teacher wants you to work more than to talk John would like to be an astronaut when he grows up I’m sorry I didn’t help you yesterday I regret that you didn’t give me a chance to tell you the truth Mary is afraid she won’t be able to attend your wedding next week We regret that we didn’t have enough money to buy that house You drive too fast I’d like you to drive more slowly You are too lazy The teacher wants you to be more studious 10 I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness soon 11 I’m not a doctor 12 I haven’t enough money to buy this book 13 I live in a big city, but I don’t like it 14 Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job 15 Tomorrow is a workday 16 We have to work this Saturday 17 I feel sick because I ate too much ice-cream 18 It’s pity that you were not here last week 19 I regret speaking to him so impolitely yesterday 20 Alan regretted asking Arthur to lend him 20$ 21 I want the baby to stop crying 22 He is sorry now that he didn’t invite Molly to his party 23 The hotel wasn’t good 24 I didn’t understand the lesson 25 My friend didn’t pass his exam PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF PURPOSE (CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH) I Cụm từ mục đích (Phrases of purpese) Web: iamtoanmy.com.vn 6-Web trắc nghiệm smartphone: itracnghiem.com.vn 57 Lê Quốc Trinh, Q Tân Phú, TP.HCM TOÀN MỸ Academy ANH VĂN LUYỆN THI 12 Trung tâm BDVH & LTĐH Toàn Mỹ - 0908825845 - 0973012241 Để diễn đạt mục đích khẳng định, ta dùng cụm từ bắt đầu to-infinitive, in order/ so as + to- infinitive to-infinitive in order to + V(bare-inf.) so as to Ex: I try to study to pass my next exam We worked very hard in order to complete the project in time He does morning exercise regularly so as to improve his health Để diễn tả mục đích phủ định ta dùng cụm từ bắt đầu so as not to in order not to Ex: She got up early so as not to miss the bus He studies hard so as not to fail in the exam II Mệnh đề trạng ngữ mục đích (Adverbial clauses of purpose) Mệnh đề mục đích thường bắt đầu so that, in order that Mệnh đề mục đích có cấu trúc sau: S+V + mệnh đề (main clause) so that in order that + will/would + V (bare-inf.) S + can/could may/might mệnh đề trạng ngữ mục đích (adverbial clause of purpose) Ex: I try all my best to study English in order that I can find a better job He hurried so that he wouldn’t miss the train Lưu ý: Nếu chủ ngữ mệnh đề mệnh đề mục đích khác ta khơng dùng cụm từ mục đích (phrase of purpose) III Các dạng tập Dạng tập 1: Nối câu có chủ ngữ thành câu có cụm từ mục đích mệnh đề mục đích Ex: Mary gets up early every morning She wants to learn her lessons → Mary gets up early every morning to learn her lessons → Mary gets up early every morning so that she can learn her lessons Web: iamtoanmy.com.vn 7-Web trắc nghiệm smartphone: itracnghiem.com.vn 57 Lê Quốc Trinh, Q Tân Phú, TP.HCM TOÀN MỸ Academy ANH VĂN LUYỆN THI 12 Trung tâm BDVH & LTĐH Toàn Mỹ - 0908825845 - 0973012241 We learn English We want to have better communication with other people → We learn English to have better communication with, other people → We learn English so that we will have better communication with other people He was in a hurry He wanted to catch the bus → He was in a hurry to catch the bus → He was in a hurry in order that he would catch the bus Dạng tập 2: Nối câu có chủ ngữ sau want có tân ngữ túc từ (object) Ex: He gave me his address He wanted me to visit him → He gave me his address so that I would visit him They whispered They didn’t want anyone to hear their conversation → They whispered in order that no one could hear their conversation  Nếu muốn dùng cụm từ mục đích (phrase of purpose) dạng này, ta phải theo công thức: in order for + O + to-infinitive Ex: He gave me his address in order for me to visit him They whispered in order for no one to hear their conversation Dạng tập 3: Đổi từ cụm từ sang mệnh đề ngược lại Ex: We hurried to school so as not to be late → We hurried to school so that we wouldn’t be late Mary locked the door so that she wouldn’t be disturbed → Mary locked the door so as not to be disturbed He studies hard in order to pass his exam → He studies hard so that he can pass his exam Dạng tập 4: Hoàn tất câu với cụm từ mệnh đề mục đích Ex: She studies English so that He stood up in order Lưu ý: - Khi động từ mệnh đề (present), ta dùng will/ can mệnh đề mục đích - Khi động từ mệnh đề q khứ (past), ta dùng would/ could mệnh đề mục đích EXERCISES I Use a phrase or clause of purpose to combine each pair of sentences below The boy stood on the benches They wanted to get a better view We lower the volume of the radio We don’t want to bother our neighbours Web: iamtoanmy.com.vn 8-Web trắc nghiệm smartphone: itracnghiem.com.vn 57 Lê Quốc Trinh, Q Tân Phú, TP.HCM TOÀN MỸ Academy ANH VĂN LUYỆN THI 12 Trung tâm BDVH & LTĐH Toàn Mỹ - 0908825845 - 0973012241 I’ll write to you I want you to know my decision soon These men were talking in whispers They didn’t want anyone to hear their conversation The boy feigned to be sick He hoped we didn’t make him work The man spoke loudly He wanted everybody to hear him clearly Doris often goes home as soon as the class is over She doesn’t want her mother to wait for her John gets up early He doesn’t want to be late for class Mary hid the novel under her pillow She didn’t want her father to see it 10 Alice prepares her lesson carefully She wants to get high marks in class 11 The robber changed his address all the time He didn’t want the police to find him 12 They did their jobs well They hoped the boss would increase their salary 13 You should walk slowly Your sister can follow you 14 I’m studying hard I want to keep pace with my classmates 15 We turned out the lights We didn’t want to waste electricity 16 This pupil read only for short periods each day He didn’t want to train his eyes 17 I whispered I didn’t want to disturb anyone 18 The clown took off his mask He didn’t want to frighten the children 19 My father drove carefully He didn’t want to cause accidents 20 Sue dutifully followed her parents’ advice She didn’t want to cause trouble for her parents 21 Mr Thompson is learning Vietnamese He wishes to read Kim Van Kieu 22 Please shut the door I don’t want the dog to go out of the house 23 The farmer built a high wall around his garden The fruits wouldn’t be stolen 24 The police stopped the traffic every few minutes The pedestrians might cross the road 25 The notices are written in several languages Everyone may understand them 26 I wish to have enough money I want to buy a new house 27 Dick is practising the guitar He can play for the dance 28 She needs a job She wants to support her old parents 29 He moved to the front row He could hear the speaker better 30 She put the meat into the oven She wanted it to be ready for dinner II Rewrite the following sentences, using phrases off purpose Leave early so that you may get home before dark This man changed his address constantly so that he could avoid the police I shouted in order that I could warn everyone of danger Banks are developed so that they can keep people’s money safe Mary went to the library in order that she could borrow some books Yesterday father went to the bank so that he would open a checking account I went to see him so that I could find out what had happened Tom is saving up so that he can buy a new bicycle He hurried so that he could catch the train 10 She is learning French so that she will be able to speak it when she comes to Paris Web: iamtoanmy.com.vn 9-Web trắc nghiệm smartphone: itracnghiem.com.vn 57 Lê Quốc Trinh, Q Tân Phú, TP.HCM TOÀN MỸ Academy ANH VĂN LUYỆN THI 12 Trung tâm BDVH & LTĐH Toàn Mỹ - 0908825845 - 0973012241 III Change phrases of purpose to clauses of purpose or vice versa We hurried to school so as not to be late He climbed the tree in order to get a better view You should get up early so that you will have time to review your lesson Some young people like to earn their own living in order that they will be independent of their parents We should morning exercises regularly so as to improve our health We should take advantage of the scientific achievements of the world so that we can develop our national economy Every people in the world must unite their efforts to maintain and protect peace She put on warm clothes so that she wouldn’t catch cold He hurried to the station so as not to miss the train 10 She locked the door so as not to be disturbed IV Complete the following sentences Tom hurried so that Mary asked her parents for permission in order They’re studying English so that He stood up to I gave her my telephone number in order that I’ll come there early in order The teacher explained the lesson again so that The firemen rushed into the burning house to He is saving money so that 10 They are in a hurry so as not 11 We study hard in order 12 Mary has made a big cake so that 13 They went to Paris to 14 He tries to go to work in time so as not 15 The workers went on strike so that PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF RESULT (CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ) I Cụm từ kết (phrases of result) Cụm từ kết thường có TOO (quá) ENOUGH (đủ) TOO (quá không thể) S + be (look, seem, become, get ) + too + adj (+ for + O) + to-infinitive S + V(thường) + too + adv (+ for + O) + to-infinitive Ex: He is too short to play basketball Tom ran too slowly to become the Web: iamtoanmy.com.vn 10-Web trắc nghiệm smartphone: itracnghiem.com.vn 57 Lê Quốc Trinh, Q Tân Phú, TP.HCM