Series on Chemical Engineering Vol. 2 ADSORPTION ANALYSIS: EQUILIBRIA AND KINETICS Duong D. Do Department of Chemical Engineering University of Queensland Queensland, Australia ICP Imperial College Press SERIES ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Series Editor: Ralph T. Yang (Univ. of Michigan) Advisory Board: Robert S. Langer (Massachusetts Inst. of Tech.) Donald R. Paul (Univ. of Texas) John M. Prausnitz (Univ. of California, Berkeley) Eli Ruckenstein (State Univ. of New York) James Wei (Princeton Univ.) Vol. 1 Gas Separation by Adsorption Processes Ralph T. Yang (Univ. of Michigan) Forthcoming Bulk Solids Mixing Janos Gyenis (Hungary Acad. Sci.) and L T Fan (Kansas State Univ.) Published by Imperial College Press 203 Electrical Engineering Building Imperial College London SW7 2BT Distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. P O Box 128, Fairer Road, Singapore 912805 USA office: Suite IB, 1060 Main Street,.River Edge, NJ 07661 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ADSORPTION ANALYSIS: EQUILIBRIA AND KINETICS Copyright © 1998 by Imperial College Press All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN 1-86094-130-3 ISBN 1-86094-137-0 (pbk) This book is printed on acid-free paper. Printed in Singapore by Uto-Print Dedication I dedicate this book to my parents. [...]... the domain of equilibria, and understanding of the diffusional resistance is within the domain of kinetics To properly understand an adsorption process, we must understand these two basic ingredients: equilibria and kinetics, the analysis of which is the main theme of this book 1.2 Basis of Separation The adsorption separation is based on three distinct mechanisms: steric, equilibrium, and kinetic mechanisms... learning the various concepts of adsorption 2 Fundamentals of Pure Component Adsorption Equilibria 2.1 Introduction Adsorption equilibria information is the most important piece of information in understanding an adsorption process No matter how many components are present in the system, the adsorption equilibria of pure components are the essential ingredient for the understanding of how much those components... information, it can be used in the study of adsorption kinetics of a single component, adsorption equilibria of multicomponent systems, and then adsorption kinetics of multicomponent systems In this chapter, we present the fundamentals of pure component equilibria Various fundamental equations are shown, and to start with the proceeding we will present the most basic theory in adsorption: the Langmuir theory (1918)... interaction energy between adsorbate molecules and solid atoms, it can be applied to the Henry constant, the approach of which has been used by Sircar, and it can be applied to free energy, which was put forward by Aharoni and Evans The rest of the book is dedicated to adsorption kinetics We start with the detailed description of diffusion and adsorption in porous solids, and this is done in Chapter 7 Various... analysis of equilibria and kinetics of adsorption in a porous medium Although gas phase systems are particularly considered in the book, the principles and concepts are applicable to liquid phase systems as well Adsorption phenomena have been known to mankind for a very long time, and they are increasingly utilised to perform desired bulk separation or purification purposes The heart of an adsorption. .. species and two parallel lattice planes A species and two parallel slabs Adsorption isotherm for slit shape pore An atom or molecule and two parallel lattice planes with sub lattice layers Horvarth and Kawazoe's approach on micropore size distribution The basic theory Differential heat Model parameters Applications Cylindrical pores A molecule and a cylindrical surface A molecule and a cylindrical slab Adsorption. .. carbon Activated carbon Zeolite, activated carbon 1.5 The Structure of the Book This book will address the various fundamental aspects of adsorption equilibria and dynamics in microporous solids such as activated carbon and zeolite The treatment of equilibria and kinetics, when properly applied, can be used for solids other than microporous solid, such as alumina, silica gel, etc Recognizing that practical... 510 511 515 517 517 Analysis of Adsorption Kinetics in a Single Homogeneous Particle Introduction 519 Adsorption models for isothermal single component systems 521 Linear isotherms 521 Nonlinear models 545 Adsorption model for nonisothermal single component systems 562 Problem formulation 562 Finite kinetics adsorption model for single component systems 580 Multicomponent adsorption models for a porous... can be derived A recent equation introduced by Nitta and co-workers is presented to allow for the multi-site adsorption We finally close this chapter by presenting the vacancy solution theory of Danner and co-workers The results of Chapter 2 are used as a basis for the 8 Equilibria development of equilibria theory in dealing with practical solids, and we do this in Chapter 3 by presenting a number of... empirical as well as semi-empirical equations for describing adsorption equilibria Some equations are useful to describe adsorption of gases and vapors below the capillary condensation region, equations such as Freundlich, Langmuir-Freundlich (Sips), Toth, Unilan, and Dubinin-Radushkevich To describe equilibrium data in the region of multilayering adsorption, the classical equation BET is presented in Chapter . Engineering Vol. 2 ADSORPTION ANALYSIS: EQUILIBRIA AND KINETICS Duong D. Do Department of Chemical Engineering University of Queensland Queensland, Australia ICP Imperial. record for this book is available from the British Library. ADSORPTION ANALYSIS: EQUILIBRIA AND KINETICS Copyright © 1998 by Imperial College Press All rights