4_Conventional_Breeding

FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS OF CARBON ALLOCATION FOR GROWTH AND FITNESS IN POPULUS International poplar symposium Ⅳ Nanjing, China 2006 Session Ⅱ Advances In Conventional Poplar Breeding and Gene Conservation[.]

International poplar symposium Ⅳ Nanjing, China 2006 Session Ⅱ Advances In Conventional Poplar Breeding and Gene Conservation 59 International poplar symposium Ⅳ Nanjing, China 2006 60 International poplar symposium Ⅳ Nanjing, China 2006 A case study on the Genotype Environment interaction of poplar Growth Huogen Li 1, Huixin Pan 1, Shunzhang Cai 2, Xiangjin Yan 3, Hefeng Xie 1) 2) 3) 4) Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 Baoying Multiple management Bureau of Jiangsu Province, Baoying, Siyang Multiple management Bureau of Jiangsu Province, Siyang, Forest seed & seedling center, Shandong Forestry department, Jinan, A significant difference was found existed among clones based on the analyses of variance of growth traits such as DBH, height and volume of 80 11-year-old Eastern cottonwood clones The broad-sense heritability of DBH, height and volume were 30.7%, 20.4% and 32% respectively The result indicated that it is possible to select excellent clones among the clone population A elementary evaluation was made to each clone under the comprehensive consideration of growth, stem form, and then several superior clones such as clones I-69, S3412, S3239 and S3240 were picked out as the potential varieties The genotype-environment interaction of the growth was analyzed based on the investigation of 12 cottonwood clones from clone testing plantations situated at Xu Zhou and Bao Ying in Jiang Su province, and Ning Yang, Shan Dong province The conclusion showed that the genotype-environment interaction was extremely remarkable In order to guide their extension in the future, the genetic stability and adaptation of 12 clones were also explored Keywords: Eastern cottonwood, Genotype Environment interaction, Genetic stability, Heritablity 61 International poplar symposium Ⅳ Nanjing, China 2006 A Mechanistic Framework for Characterizing the Genetic Architecture of Biomass Partitioning Rongling Wu and Song Wu Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA The shapes and sizes of living things can be explained in terms of biological, chemical and physical processes Yet, the genetic mechanisms underlying patterns in the shapes and sizes of plants and animals through these processes have been poorly understood In this talk, we will present a statistical framework for characterizing the genetic architecture of morphological variation in allometrical shape with genetic linkage maps This framework is incorporated by mechanistic global allocation rules for patterns of biomass partitioning, allowing quantitative tests of the interplay between genetic actions and development shape The framework model has been validated through simulation studies and a real example for poplar trees The proposed model will have great implications for understanding the genetic regulation of morphological shape and development and, ultimately, providing scientific guidance for the selection of ideotypes that display optimal resource use efficiency in agriculture and forestry 62 International poplar symposium Ⅳ Nanjing, China 2006 AN OVERVIEW OF CURRENT ASPEN AND POPLAR BREEDING IN CANADA Thomas, B.R Genstat Consulting, Box 45086, Lansdowne Postal Outlet, Edmonton, Alberta T6H-5Y1 Email: Genstat@shaw.ca, Fax/Phone: 780-432-4230 In this presentation I will provide a brief overview of aspen and poplar work to date in Canada and then provide a much more in-depth description of the current programs The most active areas for tree breeding in poplars is currently focused on the boreal and grassland fringe regions of the prairie provinces of western Canada as well, there is a long-term on-going program in the province of Quebec Industrial participation and needs are driving much of the work in the prairies with some Federal Government collaboration, while the eastern program in Quebec is run primarily by the Provincial Government There is an increasing realization in these traditional tree breeding programs and active work within the Poplar Council of Canada of the need to bring the molecular tools available through the sequencing of the poplar genome, to assist with rapid selection and screening in these operational end-user focused programs As the need for a guaranteed fibre supply for pulp and plywood, and options for alternative energy and reclamation tools for phytoremediation expand, the traditional uses of hybrid poplars for shelterbelts around farm fields and riparian plantings along stream or pond edges, no longer drives the primary focus in these programs Collaborations have developed that support breeding programs where each partner may have a different end-use in mind, but with the diversity of genetic stock that can be produced through hybrid breeding, many objectives can be met within a single program Time-permitting, details of specific programs will also be discussed 63 International poplar symposium Ⅳ Nanjing, China 2006 CONSERVING THE GENETIC RESOURCES OF POPULUS SSP IN PAIN N Alba(1), H Sixto(1), C Maestro(2), J L Peñuelas(3), S C González-Martínez (1), R Alía(1) (1) Dpt Resources and Systems Forestry CIFOR-INIA, alba@inia.es (2) Forest Resources Unit Centre for Research and Technology Agrarian (CITA-DGA) cmaestro@aragon.es (3) National Centre for improvement and genetic conservation of forest genetic resources The need to conserve the genetic resources of our native poplars is reflected in the different initiatives being developed by both central and local government The European program for the conservation of forest genetic resources (EUFORGEN) aims to implement both in situ and ex situ conservation strategies Until now, the ex situ initiatives in Spain have involved the installation and maintenance of collections of P alba, P nigra and P tremula The P alba collection is located in the National Centre for Forest Genetic Improvement "El Serranillo” (Guadalajara) belongs to DGB (Environment Ministry) It is made up of 24 families and more than 400 clones which are kept as stool beds, and an arboretum with about 300 clones The P alba accessions from Ebro Basin are duplicated in CITA (Saragossa) The work undertaken focuses on the study of genetic variation through isoenzymes, morphology, and growth habit Some studies focused on in situ conservation strategies aim at genetic flow, species’ regenaration strategies, adaptive differentiation between sex morhs and ISPs establishment The P tremula collection, installed in the DGB nurseries is the result of an agreement between INIA and DGB It comprises more than 50 clones, propagated using ‘in vitro’ techniques This collection is currently kept in an arboretum that was located at “Valsaín” (Segovia) The Spanish collection of P nigra is located at the CITA-DGA (Saragossa) and at CIFORINIA (Madrid) Bothd sites comprised more than 325 accessions, from Ebro Basin populations mainly, where the specie presence is more frequent Clones from Tajo and Duero Basins (where the species’ area is smaller) are also present The P nigra Spanish collection is kept (totally or partially) in arboretums and stood beds Ebro clones from installed in DGA (Saragossa) andthose from Duero and Tajo were installed in INIA and DGB (Madrid, Guadalajara and Segovia) Studies using different molecular markers (Isoenzymes, Microsatellites and AFLP´s) and morphological characterization show that Spanish P nigra populations maintain a high level of genetic diversity •The establishment of an in situ and ex situ conservation strategy requires an in-depth study into the diversity of the species in question The use of molecular markers is one of the tools available for this purpose, jointly with adaptive and morphological studies •The conservation methods established within the EUFORGEN workgroups had facilitate the development of this task in our country as well as promoting the exchange of both knowhow and resources •Although ex situ conservation work is to some extent under way, with the establishment 64 International poplar symposium Ⅳ Nanjing, China 2006 of collections and the initiation of evaluation and characterisation studies, the same cannot be said for in situ conservation for which stand characterisation, selection and management are necessary to further this objective Managing the riverside is fundamental to the in situ conservation of resources of these species Therefore managers must be provided with the necessary tools and guidelines 65 International poplar symposium Ⅳ Nanjing, China 2006 Directive selection ， development and popularization of new Populus varieties for industrial wood plantation in northern China Zhang Qi-wen Li Jin-hua Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P R China Email: zhangqw@forestry.ac.cn Fax:+86-10-62872015 In China, there are large area of poplar plantation with low commercial value of cultivars In order to meet the increasing need for industrial wood, we undertook the key project of poplar genetic and improvement which mainly focus on clones of Section Aigeiros After hybridization, introduction and selection of poplar breeding for more than fifteen years, we finally got most super cultivars for the plain area in Northern China, No.107 (P euramericana cv ‘Neva’), No.108 (P euramericana cv ‘Guariento’), No.111 (P euramericana cv ‘Bellotto’), No.110 (P deltoides ×P maximowiczii cv ‘Eridano’) These cultivars perform well with fast growing rate, high quality wood, straight trunk, narrow crown and have strong resistance Wood growing rate of ‘Neva’ and ‘Guariento’ increase 60 percent than the comparison cultivar, I-214 (P euramericana cv ‘I-214’) After the certification of national register authority as poplar cultivars, ‘Neva’ and ‘Guariento’ were planted spreading in 14 provinces and regions mainly on medium plain of Northern China The size of total area was 18.37 million hectare On condition of intensive management, wood yield of plantation with two cultivars was between 25.5 and 46.5 cubic meter per hectare each year and increased between 13.5 and 21 cubic meter per hectare each year than that of I-214 Wood increase of all plantation was between 1653 and 2572 cubic meter, showing considerable commercial benefit On aspect of selection and development of new poplar cultivars for industrial wood, there were methods and results as these as following Firstly, twice silviculture and strictly screening with several steps from Italy poplar selection procedure improved coefficient of clonal selection Secondly, multitraits selection with growth, wood quality, trunk and crown ensured directional selection of poplar cultivars for industrial wood Thirdly, appropriate time of selection age would be between 4- and 7-year-old for paper pulp wood, which have faster growth rate, more wood density, longer fiber and fewer extracts of 1% NaOH Fourthly, clonal fingerprinting of two cultivars of Section Ageiros were established by AFLP DNA marker, which could be useful in identification, registration of cultivars Lastly, APMP puly assay with wood of ‘Neva’ showed it was qulity wood for pulp, which laid a foundation for integrative poplar plantation-paper industry Key words: poplar, Populus, new cultivars, fast-growing and high-yield plantation, genetic improvement, popularization 66 International poplar symposium Ⅳ Nanjing, China 2006 Field test of introduced new poplar clones QIN Guang-hua1, JIANG Yue-zhong1, QIAO Yu-ling1, B Nottola2 Shandong Academy of Forestry, Jinan 250014, P R China Societa Agricola E Forestale per Le Plante (S P A), Roma 00153, Italy Poplar is one of the dominant tree species for the establishment of fast growing plantations in Shandong Province Eighteen poplar clones belonging to Populus aigeiros Section were introduced from Italy, Turkey and domestic regions Populus deltoides cv ‘Lux’ I-69/55 (I-69), which was widely used in Shandong Province, China, was taken as control clone Following a randomized complete block design, seedling test and controlled afforestation trials were carried out at Juxian County, Caoxian County and Laiyang city The results showed that the poplar clone (Populus × euramericana cv ‘102/74’), namely 102/74, performed well both in terms of adaptability and growth rate The mean height (H) (13.9 m), diameter at breast height (DBH) (18.0 cm) and volume growth (V) (0.1445 m ) were, were 2.2 %, 21.6% and 52.9 % higher than those of I-69 (CK), respectively, at the age of years at three experimental sites Moreover, the clone can be propagated easily and showed high resistance to poplar disease, pest as well as salinity and had longer growing period Furthermore, wood basic density and fiber length of new poplar clone (102/74) were as same as I-69 (CK) It was concluded that the selected clone (102/74) was ideal for the establishment of fast-growing poplar plantations, especially for the pulpwood plantations in Shandong Province Keywords: Poplar, Clones; Introduction; Selection 67 International poplar symposium Ⅳ Nanjing, China 2006 Genetic Analysis on Growth and Wood Properties Comprehensive Selection of Populus deltoides Clones and Tang Yuxi1，2 Wu Lixun2 Wu Min2 Xu Shifeng2 Tang Jie2 Central South Forestry University Changsha 410004 Hunan Academy of Forestry Changsha 410004 According to the 6-year-old data of 18 populus deltoides clones，the genetic variation and correlations between growth and wood properties were studied Besides fiber content and fiber length，the clone effect was highly significant for other traits such as DBH，height，individual stem volume， fiber width， ratio of fiber length to width，wood basic density The broad-sense heritabilities ranged from 0.6109 to 0.9053 ， it indicated that the variations of traits were moderately or intensively inherited The inheritances of growth characters and wood properties were independent，as pulp-making material，the improvement of growth traits should regarded as the premise By using Gray Related Analysis，5 new hybrid P deltoides clones with excellent comprehensive traits were selected ， especially ， P deltoides cl.‘xianglin 90’ and P deltoids cl.‘xianglin 77’ were outstanding among them Compared with P deltoids cv.‘I-69/55’ ， the individual stem volume respectively improved 60.71% ， 46.45% ， and the individual fiber production respectively improved 51.43%，44.13% Key words: Genetic variation ， Gray Related Analysis ， Comprehensive selection ， Populus deltoides Clones Genetic differentiation of Black Cottonwood, P trichocarpa Torrey 68 International poplar symposium Ⅳ Nanjing, China 2006 Kajba, D (1), S Bogdan (1), I Katičić (1) (1) University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Genetics, Dendrology and Botany davorin.kajba@zg.htnet.hr Fax +38512352505 In 2002, an experimental culture of short rotation crops for biomass production was established on an abandoned farmland It includes 25 clones of arborescent willows grown from open pollinated chinese willow (Salix matsudana), the hybrids between chinese and white willow (S matsudana x S alba) x unknown, the back crosses of S matsudana x S alba with chinese willow, the hybrids between chinese and white willow (S matsudana x S.alba), together with a few white willow clones (Salix alba), and one trispecies hybrid (Salix alba x S fragilis x S caprea) At the age 2/3 (2-year-old shoots and 3-year-old stump) first measurements of the given culture were conducted Measures were taken for all the plants at their breast height (1.30 m from the ground), and fresh biomass of the wooden shoots was measured on a 10% sample of each clone Samples of 1kg of biomass of all the clones were oven-dried at 105 ˚C to constant weight That way, data were obtained on the moisture content in wood biomass Data reporting on fresh biomass of the observed clones were reduced according to the respective moisture content, enabling biomass estimation of a dry sample Nonlinear regression analysis run for dry biomass and diameter at breast height of the sampled plants shows strong relationship between those two traits By using the obtained regresssion models together with the previously measured diameters at breast height, estimation was made of dry biomass of each individual plant in the experimental culture Biomass production per hectare was estimated according to dry biomass of a mean ramet, planting density and survival rate at the observed age Average dry biomass output reached 5.6 t/ha, however, a significant variation between the tested clones is clearly visible The largest production was achieved by the clones ‘V 580’ (10.5 t/ha), ‘V 578’ (9.9 t/ha), and ‘V 575’ (8.8 t/ha), selected in the openl pollinated family of the clone S matsudana ‘Tsinan’, as well as by the clone ‘V 572’ (9.9 t/ha) grown from open pollination of the clone S matsudana × S alba ‘Tangoio’ The white willow clones, as well as the clones grown by means of back crossing between chinese willow and the hybrids of chinese and white willow, proved to yield below the average output The poorest biomass production was recorded for the trispecies hybrid Salix alba × S fragilis × S caprea ‘V 221’ which was 1.7 t/ha Among the hybrid clones S matsudana × S alba, only the clone ‘Tangoio’ yielded the largest ouput with 8.6 t/ha Average survival of the tested clones was 86 %, ranging from 53% (clone ‘V 221’) to 100% (clones ‘V 580’ i ‘V 576’) The obtained results have shown high production of dry biomass by the arborescent willow clones grown from open pollinated maternal trees of the chinese willow (S matsudana) The arborescent willow clones were reported to have a significant potential for biomass production in short rotations and are to be recognized as useful form of providing energy supplies in similar habitats 82 International poplar symposium Ⅳ Nanjing, China 2006 Selection of poplar and willow clones based on growth performance for years at a metropolitan waste landfill site Koo, Y B.*, K S Woo, J K Yeo , Y S Kim 83